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lessons for Cambodia
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022A sudden surge of platform delivery workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic has become a global phenomenon; therefore, a social discussion on their protection needs to be urgently addressed. This study aims to analyze the situations of social security systems for platform delivery workers in Korea and Cambodia, mainly focusing on Workers'' Compensation Insurance (WCI) and Employment Insurance (EI). Furthermore, considering the similarity in the WCI structures between Korea and Cambodia, this paper provides policy implications for Cambodia, which still lacks development on social protection for platform delivery workers.
This paper is based on recent key literature and interviews with administrators working for WCI and EI to investigate social insurance in Korea and Cambodia. The Korean government has recently executed specific social security policies, through WCI and EI, to protect platform delivery workers. Likewise, there is an active conversation ongoing in Cambodia on the need to protect platform delivery workers, as the nation has a weak policy capacity to build social security systems. Although the Korean case faces some limitations due to their ambiguous labor status and the legal landscape set by traditional labor relationships, the country is making efforts to create a social safety net for all working people. This study expects to give policy implications for Cambodia to establish better social security systems for platform delivery worker using Korea as a model.Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Research Methods
Ⅲ. Literature Review
Ⅳ. Findings
Ⅴ. Policy Implication & Conclusion
ReferencesmasterpublishedYoonji LE
empirical evidence from the republic of Korea's national reforestation program
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022This paper conducts the empirical analysis of the relationship between forest stock and flood damage based on the Republic of Korea’s national reforestation program (1973-1987). Reconstructing the historical forest statistics of Korea Forest Service and expanding Seo’s (2018) dataset, I capitalize on a growing stock by forest types to examine whether coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests reduced flood damage. From a fixed-effect analysis, my results show that not all types of forests reduce flood damage. I find that coniferous or deciduous forests did not have a mitigation effect on flood damage, whereas mixed forests did. These results may reflect to the lack of a forest management policy and a coniferous-oriented reforestation program in Korea. From the results, this paper suggests that even if reforestation was successful, it might not lessen flood damage if forest management is not appropriately initiated after reforestation. Furthermore, deciduous forests should be adequately planted when one expects afforestation to ease flood damage.masterpublishedKyonggi MI
an age-period-cohort analysis from the Chinese General Social Survey
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2022How public opinion on policies varies in authoritarian regimes has received relatively little scholarly attention. While some find evidence for the relevance of multidimensional ideological spectrum even in authoritarian regimes, investigations regarding temporal changes in public opinion are still rare. Using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data for 2011-2018, a nationwide sample of individuals (N = 71,323), this article examines how individual preferences on government policies differ across generations in an authoritarian regime. Based on an age-period-cohort approach, the results show that public support for restrictive government policies, such as the limited freedom of expression, one-child, or hukou, gradually decreased when comparing cohorts whose formative years were spent under Mao, Deng, Jiang, and Hu. However, Xi’s Children show support for such policies at comparable levels to Mao’s Children. These findings highlight the importance of understanding long-term dynamics in public opinion, and how the leaders of the day may affect the formation of public preferences.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III.Data
IV. Empirical Strategy
V. Results
VI.Discussion and Concluding RemarksOutstandingmasterpublishedMinju YE
여성의 자녀 양육 부담에 따른 코로나19의 고용 충격
No full textWe examine whether the impacts of COVID-19 on labor supply differ across women with different degrees of childcare burden during the initial stage of the pandemic in South Korea. To identify the effect of the outbreak, we exploit the fact that the first wave of the outbreak in South Korea was concentrated in a specific region due to a largescale religious gathering. Utilizing the Local Area Labour Force Survey, we find that the negative impact was larger for women with young children than for women without young children.
Specifically, our preferred specification suggests the employment rate of women with young children decreased by 3.9 percentage points more than that of women without young children due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Women with young children also reduced weekly working hours more than their counterparts without young children. Unlike women, the impacts of COVID-19 on the labor supply among men with and without young children were not different.1
Franchise Market, Contract Conditions, and Welfare Implications: Evidence from Korea
Full text linkThis paper analyzes how franchise contract conditions are influenced by business structures as well as how contract conditions affect producer surplus by utilizing Korean franchise Information Disclosure Documents for the years 2014-2016. We find that franchise fees tend to increase in line with increases in the numbers of direct stores or the business period. Accordingly, it would be reasonable to check whether the franchise fee is excessive compared to the amount of reputation capital rather than to criticize the absolute level of the franchise fee. Regarding royalty contracts, the larger the discount in the raw materials purchase is, the higher the initial royalty is. Although this appears to be a royalty discount, it can be a means of inducing a raw materials purchase contract by initially setting a high royalty rate and then lowering it after the purchase contract is signed. Concerning the effect on producer surplus, the results show that an increase in franchise fees and royalties negatively affects the franchisee’s operating profits but positively affects those of the franchisor’s, leading to conflicts over the distribution of economic value added. Based on the findings here, we propose various policy recommendations, specifically reinforcing the contents in the Information Disclosure Document, further activating fixed-rate royalties, and strengthening the qualifications of franchisors when recruiting franchisees
How the High-Stakes and College Entrance Exam Affects Students’ Perception: Implication on Management Policy in Higher Education
Full text linkPurpose – Vietnam’s education system has undergone numerous changes. One of the significant reforms is the college admissions process which all high school seniors are obliged to go through the High School Graduation Examination (HSGE). Despite its significance, there is lack of research to examine the effects of high-stakes and nationally standardized exams on students’ learning experiences. By applying the concept of washback, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive qualitative analysis of students’ perceptions and learning experiences when preparing for and taking the HSGE. Research design, data, and methodology – 20 high school seniors were participated in this study. This study utilized a stratified sampling methods and randomly selected participants. Result – This study revealed that the washback effect of the HSGE strongly existed in students’ learning experiences. This study also found that there is a negative washback effect of the HSGE on students’ learning, particularly for those living in rural areas although Vietnamese schools and communities shared unequal educational and socioeconomic resources. Conclusion – The results of this study would be useful for policymakers to provide better assessment system to enhance students’ ability and reduce exam pressure. This study also makes suggestions in regard to bringing more formative types of assessment into the high-stakes and nationally standardized exam.2
Should farmers farm more? Comparing marginal products within Malawian households
No full textAccording to standard economic theory, households should equate the marginal revenue product of an input across activities within the household. However, this prediction may not hold in the presence of risk. Using data on farm plots and non-farm enterprises in Malawi, we examine the impact of risk on the allocation decisions of agricultural households as they allocate labor across farm and non-farm production. We control for many household and production characteristics, including household fixed effects, and find farm marginal revenue product of labor (MRPL) to be consistently higher than non-farm MRPL. These results are consistent with farm production being riskier than non-farm production for most households in Malawi. These findings suggest that improved access to insurance of farming activities and wage employment opportunities could increase total household income.1
Public Corruption and Government Management Capacity
No full textThis article demonstrates, theoretically and empirically, that public corruption is likely to degrade government management capacity and its sub-dimensions such as human resource management, information management, financial management, and capital (infrastructure) management. By shedding light on the classic black box idea of management, we explain that public corruption deteriorates government management capacity by hampering an effective integration of the sub-dimensions of management. Using panel ordered logit regressions and the generalized method of moments estimations, we find a statistically significant negative association between public corruption and the overall management capacity of the U.S. state governments. Across the sub-dimensions of government management capacity, the harmful impact of corruption is most evident in capital and infrastructure management, even in the context of the U.S. state governments. This requires policymakers’ special attention to capital and infrastructure management practices, even in the most advanced country of the management system.1
the case of the youth thousand talents plan in China
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022This study examines the impact of the Youth Thousand Talents Plan (YTTP), a Chinese policy to combat brain drain, on the research performance of the award recipients. China has suffered from a lack of high-skilled talent since the Open Door Policy in the 1970s and has thus implemented the YTTP to alleviate this trend by attracting young high-skilled workers in the STEM fields. To estimate the program’s impact, I collected novel data on 1,116 YTTP awardees, covering five waves (2011–2013), and matched them with their publication metrics on Google Scholar. I then analyze the dataset employing a difference-in-differences strategy. The findings show that accepting the YTTP and returning to China decreased the number of publications authored by the awardees by 13.5%. However, there are also some notable heterogenous effects: the results also suggest that the YTTP increased the research performance of female awardees and the number of publications in materials engineering. These findings have three important policy implications. First, the Chinese government should implement countermeasures to support its reverse brain drain policy. Second, the government should consider increasing the number of female high-skilled workers selected for the program. Third, prioritizing certain fields, such as materials engineering, may be useful.I. INTRODUCTION
II. BACKGROUND
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
IV. DATA
V. EMPIRICAL STRATEGY
VI. RESULTS
VII. CONCLUSIONmasterpublishedJi Young HWAN
The effect of E-Government website evaluation on user satisfaction and intention to use: the mediating role of warmth and competence judgment on government
No full textThe development of technology has various effects on citizens’ daily lives, among which is the growing importance of e-governance. An e-government website is an essential communication platform that supports government-citizen interaction. The current research examines the relationship between e-government website evaluation and the variables indicative of the usage of e-government services (user satisfaction and intention to use) with basic social perceptions toward the government as the mediators using structural equation modelling. According to the stereotype content model (Fiske, 1993; Fiske et al., 2002), people form an impression of others based on two basic social dimensions (warmth and competence), and different levels of these dimensions determine how one forms attitudes and behaves toward the target. Our analysis confirms that both warmth and competence judgment function as crucial mediators for the relationship between e-government website evaluation and the intention to utilize e-government websites. This suggests that the government agency is not simply viewed as a service provider but also as a social entity that encompasses both warmth and competence from the perspective of citizens. By observing the aspects of website evaluation that are associated with the social dimensions, policymakers can strategically enhance citizens’ perception toward the government as well as their relationship with the government for the optimal operation of a country in a long-term perspective.1