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Factors that influence marital satisfaction among foreign brides in Korea
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2022Data have revealed that the divorce rate in cross-cultural marriages in Korea has been on the rise. According to popular ideas in the literature, this is suggestive of low marital satisfaction in these marriages. It is based on this problem that this research attempted to understand the factors that influence marital satisfaction among foreign brides in Korea. Four research questions and hypotheses were presented to guide the study. The research made use of data from the 2017 Marriage Brokerage Survey which was conducted by the multi-cultural division of the Korean Ministry for Gender Equality and Family. The national survey which utilized a sample size of 514 aims to among other things, gauge the marital as well as living experiences of foreign brides in the country. The study observed that communication conflict has a negative relationship with marital satisfaction among foreign brides in Korea. Also, it was revealed that both age and level of education have no significant relationship with marital satisfaction among foreign brides in the country. Conversely, it was identified that having a paid job is associated with a reduction in marital satisfaction among foreign brides in the country. On the premise of these findings, policy recommendations to enhance peaceful communication in multi-cultural marriages in the country and stimulate better marital satisfaction of foreign brides were put forward.1 Background and Introduction
2 The Concept of Marriage and Marital Satisfaction
3 Research Data and Methodology
4 Empirical Strategy
5 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
6 Limitations of the StudymasterpublishedChukwuemeka Decland AG
Measuring Interdependence of Inflation Uncertainty
Full text linkThe unprecedented fiscal and monetary policy responses during the COVID-19 crisis have increased uncertainty about inflation. During crises periods, the strength of the transmission of inflation uncertainty shocks from one country to another tends to intensify. This paper examines empirical methodologies to measure the strength of the interdependence of inflation uncertainty between the UK and the euro area. We first estimate inflation uncertainty by expost forecast errors from a bivariate VAR GARCH model. The interdependence of uncertainty is estimated using a probability model. The results imply that the spillover of uncertainty is stronger for uncertainty about distant future than near future. The evidence from quantile regressions shows that such empirical method could suffer from bias if endogeneity is not properly addressed. To identify structural parameters in an endogeneity representation of interdependence, we exploit heteroskedasticity in the data across different regimes determined by the ratio of variances. The results no longer exhibit stronger interdependence at longer horizons. Estimated by different sample periods, the strength of the propagation of inflation uncertainty intensifies during the Global Financial Crisis while the interdependence significantly weakens during the post-crisis period
Ethnicity is not public service destiny: The political logic of service distribution in South Africa
No full textMillions of South Africans have protested the unequal allocation of public services in thousands of demonstrations. Despite the African National Congress's (ANC) promise to reduce the disparities generated by apartheid, the level of public services remains highly uneven across the country. Most studies of service provision in Africa argue that politicians will target their coethnics; others support the “diversity deficit” hypothesis, which predicts that high levels of ethnic diversity undermines service provision. Instead, we argue that explanations of service provision should first examine how political institutions incentivize politicians to choose whether, what, and how to distribute services. Even in an ethnicized polity, ethnic targeting may not be a politician's best strategy. We seek to explain the variation in service levels across South African municipalities and advance three hypotheses: 1) municipal councilors in more ethnically diverse municipalities will form policy coalitions that produce higher service levels; 2) South African mayors will decrease services when they enjoy electorally safety due to their extensive powers and the possibility of being a residual claimant to municipality resources, and; 3) the strategic interaction between councilors and their mayor helps to account for the variation in service provision across South Africa's municipalities. We test our hypotheses with data from more than 1.37 million households and aggregated municipality level measures and find strong support for our hypotheses. Political institutions – not just ethnic demography – can influence policy choices and service outcomes.1
Impacts of Reforestation on Stabilization of Riverine Water Levels in South Korea
Full text linkWe investigate how reforestation contributed to stabilization of riverine water levels in South Korea. For the purpose, we estimate an equation capturing dynamic relationships among rainfall, upstream-area tree stock, and downstream water levels in three river systems of Hongcheon, Mangyeong, and Hyeongsan, using daily observations of precipitation and water levels for the period from 1985 to 2005. Simulation based on estimation results shows that increase in the tree stock in a river basin leads to a significantly suppressed peaking in riverine water levels in response to an abrupt and concentrated rain in the upstream area. For instance, an hour-long concentration of 100mm rain results in 0.7m rise in water level if the volume of growing stock is 1 million m3, whereas the rise in water level stays below 0.27m with 5 million m3in the growingstock volume.2
Civil Society, Realized: Equipping the Mass Public to Express Choice and Negotiate Power
No full textWe examine the ways in which change in civil society has contributed to the erosion of democracy in the United States. Democracy demands that people commit to pluralistic self-determination, which means that people must be willing to seek power and also share it. We argue that civil society plays two important roles in sustaining people’s willingness to do both: first, civil society cultivates a capacity for expressing choice; and second, it teaches capacities and provides opportunities for people to negotiate power. We show that in recent decades, civil society’s emphasis has moved more toward expressing choice and away from the creation of venues for negotiating power. We conclude with recommendations for researchers, civil society leaders, funders, and policy-makers who are interested in committing to forms of civil society that take power seriously.1
적극행정과정과 협력적 관리전략: 협력구조와 협력활동의 분석
No full text본 연구는 중앙부처 적극행정 27개 사례의 질적 내용분석을 통해 적극행정과정의 협력적 공공관리 실태를 분석하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 협력구조 및 협력활동 유형화의 분석틀을 제시하고 수평적, 수직적, 복합적 협력구조 실태 및 각 구조별 협력활동의 유형화를 도출하였다. 분석결과 여섯 유형의 협력구조가 나타났고 문제해결과정의 아이디어 형성 및 채택의 단계보다 아이디어 설계 및 집행단계에서 협력구조가 다양화되고 증가되는 실태를 발견하였다. 개별 협력구조 단위로는 중앙부처 간의 수평적 협력이 가장 빈도가 높은 17개 사례로 나타났다. 21개의 사례에서 기업, 시민사회조직, 시민들, 또는 외국정부와의 수평적 협력구조가 도출되었고, 이 중에 11개 사례는 정부조직 간의 수평적 협력과 민간부분과의 수평적 협력의 복합적 협력구조로 도출되었다. 5개 사례에서는 정부조직 간의 수평적 협력과, 민간부분과의 수평적 협력 및 지자체 또는 산하 공공기관과의 수직적 협력이 포함된 융합적 협력구조가 나타났다. 각 구조의 협력활동 분석결과 28개의 활동이 범주화되었고 이는 7개의 협력활동 상위범주로 유형화 되었다: ‘정책형성 및 전략수립’, ‘정보지원’, ‘ 정책조정 및 제도개선’, ‘정책기획 및 집행전략’, ‘집행 지원’, ‘공식적인 사업 파트너십’, ‘재정 지원/공유’. 가장 빈도 높은 협력활동은 정책형성 및 전략수립, 정책기획 및 집행전략, 정책집행지원으로 나타났다. 정책조정 및 제도 개선 활동은 아이디어 설계 및 집행단계에서 보다 활발히 적용되었다. 연구결과에 근거 적극행정의 협력적 구조 및 활동의 특성과 공무원의 역량 제고에 대한 실무적 함의를 논의하고 향후 연구가설을 제시하였다.2
Three essays on women in developing countries
Full text linkThesis(Doctoral) -- KDI School: Ph.D in Development Policy, 2022CHAPTER 1: IMPACT OF PUBLIC PRESCHOOL EXPANSION ON FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN RURAL BANGLADESH
To test whether the expansion of public education can reduce women’s domestic care burden and increase female labor force participation (FLFP) in rural areas, this study examines the large-scale nationalization of preschools in Bangladesh between 2013 and 2014. Focusing on differences in the number of nationalized preschools across districts, it finds that for every newly nationalized preschool per 1,000 children, the probability of women participating in income generating activities increases by 32 percentage points on average. This study also provides evidence for changes in the gendered division of labor within households: women’s share of total household time spent on domestic work decreases by 20 percentage points and their share of farming increases by 27 percentage points, while men’s share of domestic work increases by 29 percentage points on average.
CHAPTER 2: MOBILE FINANCIAL SERVICE AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT - EVIDENCE FROM THE PRIMARY EDUCATION STIPEND PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH
This study explores the potential exclusionary effects of providing mobile financial services for women in rural areas who have limited access to cellphones. By examining a sudden change in the payment scheme of the government’s Primary Education Stipend Program in Bangladesh in 2017, this study finds that the adoption of a mobile stipend payment scheme increased child education expenses and the perceived decision-making power of program participating mothers differentially according to personal cellphone ownership: Specifically, 113 percent higher expenses for personal teaching and 92 percent higher expenses for buying textbook and stationery for mothers who had a personal cellphone. To support these findings, this study reports several falsification test results using non-participating mothers and pre-intervention period samples.
CHAPTER 3: WOMEN’S CONTROL OVER MICROCREDIT AND INTRAHOUSEHOLD RESOURCE ALLOCATION: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH
To explain the disconnect between women’s access to loans and the desired social impacts of microcredit programs, this study investigates the intrahousehold bargaining process over loan use. Using a panel from Bangladesh, it finds supportive evidence for the gendered nature of economic activities, in which women’s control over loans is limited. In addition, a positive linkage is identified between women’s control over loan use and their input into household’s economic activities, regardless of the gendered division of labor. Finally, “who controls the loan” is proposed as a critical factor that links microcredit and social impacts: all other things being equal, women’s decision-making power over loan use is related to a 254 percent higher level of women’s education expenses on average.- Chapter 1: Impact of Public Preschool Expansion on Female Labor Force Participation in Rural Bangladesh
- Chapter 2: Mobile Financial Service and Female Empowerment: Evidence from the Primary Education Stipend Program in Bangladesh
- Chapter 3: Women’s Control Over Microcredit and Intrahousehold Resource Allocation: Evidence from BangladeshdoctoralpublishedJinyoung PAC
The impact of informal credit on household welfare: evidence from rural Ethiopia
No full textThis study focuses on a credit-related informal risk-sharing mechanism and analyzes the effect of informal credit on household welfare. We use two-stage least squares regression to avoid the endogeneity problem and the Heckman correction procedure to remove possible self-selection bias. We find that informal credit is positively associated with welfare; each thousand Ethiopian Birr (approximately US$ 28) received in the form of informal credit improves the welfare expenditure of a household by approximately 4.3%.1
Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Intervention in Rural Areas of Ethiopia: An Empirical Analysis Based on a Cluster Randomized Control Trial
Full text linkDiarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. It accounted for 81 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for all-ages in 2017. A significant proportion of diarrhoeal disease can be prevented through safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene. Ensuring access to sanitation for all by 2030 is set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, in 2017 above 1.7 billion people (22%) lacked basic sanitation facilities, and still, more than 494 million people were defecating in the open. Understanding the cost-effectiveness of CLTS intervention is crucial for policy direction towards alleviating mortality and morbidity of diarrhoeal diseases