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perspectives from Mexico and South Korea
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2019The main finding of this study is that developmental states still hold opportunities and capacity for the promotion of economic development, even if current circumstances present a more reduced or different policy space than what their dirigisme or authoritarian counterparts in the late 19th and 20th centuries faced. This study presents the compared cases of Mexico and Korea (South Korea or Republic of Korea) as two newly industrialized countries that have developed their automotive sector with very similar, developmental state-led, industrial policies. In both countries, outcomes had different degrees of success depending on the circumstances and constraints for policymaking and implementation existing in each society. The main argument is that although these political and institutional circumstances, unique to each state and society, can constrain policy options and shape their outcomes, they can also create new policy opportunities, which are frequently overlooked. Understanding and leveraging these lessons towards developmental efforts of today’s developing nation-states is more relevant than ever. With the new trends and directions that are already visible in the automotive industry, it is very important that governments and societies have clarity of what elements made past successes possible, to learn from them and iterate through their own constraints towards the construction of their own unique experiences of economic success.Introduction
Developmental states and their role in industrialization and economic growth
The Mexican auto industry
The Korean Auto Industry
Trends and disruptive innovation in the automotive industry
ReferencesmasterpublishedCarlos Rogelio LOZANO MARTINEZ
Easier Set Than Done: Stakeholder Engagement as Public-Private Partnership in Regulatory Policy of South Korea
Get PDFAn emphasis on public-private partnership (PPP) in the regulatory policy process can overcome the challenges hindering regulatory effectiveness with the emergence of fast developing technologies and new industries. This study attempts to evaluate quantitatively different aspects of institutional settings of South Korean regulatory policy in terms of stakeholder engagement as PPP, using evidence-based data released by the OECD. From the results of the principal component analysis, South Korea can be evaluated as being at a very good level overall in its institutional establishment. Nevertheless, the fact that the outcome of regulatory reforms in South Korea is still insufficient compared with this well-established system suggests that the country should concentrate on improving system operation. Consequently, this study makes policy suggestions to improve regulatory effectiveness through PPP by supplementing the facets that are well-equipped but not feasible with respect to regulatory policy cycle, regulatory governance, regulatory method, and conflict resolution.publishe
정책 패러다임 변화와 성장 어젠다
No full text본 연구는 여론양극화와 관련한 전체적인 논의의 한 부분으로서 인터넷 미디어의 역할을 미시적으로 살펴보고자 했다. 만약 인터넷 미디어 중 한쪽 성향의 채널만을 이용하는 소비자가 존재한다면 그는 다양한 시각의 정보에 노출되기 어렵다는 것을 본 연구 결과를 통해 확인할 수 있다. 특히 최근 증가하고 있는 유튜브 이용자들처럼 인터넷 미디어에서 선별적으로 콘텐츠를 이용하는 경우 이용자들이 다양한 견해에 노출되기가 매우 어려워진다는 점을 예상할 수 있다. 따라서 정책당국의 입장에서는 SNS 이용에 따른 문제를 플랫폼에만 맡길지 여부에 대한 판단이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 글로벌화된 인터넷 플랫폼에 대한 정부의 직접적인 규제가 쉽지 않다는 점도 고려할 필요가 있다. 가장 근본적인 해결책은 이용자들에 대한 미디어 해득(literacy) 교육이라고 할 수 있다. 수요 측면의 분석 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이, 뉴스에 대한 경험이 많은 소비자들은 매체의 영향을 덜 받게 된다. 이를 위해 구체적으로는 일선 학교에서의 교육도 적극적으로 이루어질 필요가 있으며, 최근 급격히 증가하고 있는 SNS 크리에이터에 대한 교육에 있어서도 공공성과 공익성 등을 고려한 교육이 이루어질 필요가 있다.
또한 인터넷 뉴스매체의 문제를 이야기할 때 한국에서는 포털뉴스 소비자들이 대다수를 차지하는 상황을 고려할 필요가 있다. 특히 포털의 자율규제가 각 매체들이 가질 수 있는 극단성에 대한 일종의 제약으로 작용할 수 있다. 또한 포털이 다양하게 뉴스를 배치하여 이용자에게 노출시킨다면 편향성에 대한 논란이 큰 문제가 되지 않을 수 있다. 이처럼 자율규제가 적절하게 이루어지도록 시민과 학계가 감시하는 것이 중요한 역할이 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.발간사
요약
제1장 정책 패러다임 변화와 성장 어젠다
제1절 글로벌 금융위기와 정책 패러다임
제2절 우리 경제의 정책 패러다임 변화
제3절 우리 경제의 성장 어젠다
제4절 본고의 의의
참고문헌
제2장 최근 한국경제의 성장요인 분석
제1절 서론
제2절 성장회계를 통해 살펴본 글로벌 금융위기 이후 우리 경제의 성장률 하락요인 분석
제3절 글로벌 금융위기 이후 거시경제의 생산성 증가세 둔화에 대한 논의
제4절 장기 경제성장률 전망
제5절 요약 및 결론
참고문헌
부 록
제3장 법인의 노동소득분배율과 기업의 시장지배력
제1절 서론
제2절 선행연구
제3절 한국경제 전체의 노동소득분배율
제4절 법인의 노동소득분배율 추이
제5절 법인 노동소득분배율의 변화 원인
제6절 결 론
참고문헌
부 록
제4장 기업저축 증가의 원인과 성장⋅분배 구조에 대한 파급효과 118
제1절 서론
제2절 기업저축의 증가요인
제3절 가설의 설정 및 검토
제4절 기업저축 증가의 파급효과
제5절 결 론
참고문헌
부 록
제5장 가계부채와 민간소비
제1절 서론
제2절 연구의 배경
제3절 과다부채와 소비부진 간 관련성에 대한 선행연구
제4절 실증분석 방법 및 자료
제5절 실증분석
제6절 가계부채와 성장 간 관련성에 대한 논의
제7절 결론
참고문헌
ABSTRACTTRU
Assessing the Impact of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2002: A Quasi-experiment
No full textIs the new shield effective? The impact of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act: A quasi-experimental analysis of U.S. federal government Though the U.S. federal whistleblower protection is designed as a long-term temporal process, and the civil service act has encouraged to federal bureaucrats feel free to make a disclosure for nearly 40 years, the efficacy of the protection is still unclear. In particular, we have a paucity of research using causal methods to determine how the whistleblower protection has shaped the federal workforce over time. This study conducts a quasi-experimental assessment of the impact of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 (WPEA) on the Department of Homeland Security bureaucrats’ whistleblowing intention in three distinct ways. First, this study descriptively analyzes federal bureaucrats’ whistleblowing intention from 2010 to 2017 to accumulate general knowledge. Second, it assesses the impact of the WPEA by setting the DHS as a treatment group to test whether the WPEA changed bureaucrats’ willingness to blow the whistle. The use of comparison groups in other federal agencies allows us to consider whether changes in whistleblowing intention are due to the enhancement or a mere reflection of governmentwide trends. Third, it tests whether the findings in business whistleblowing studies are generalizable to the public organization context. The findings indicate that the WPEA has moderate, but statistically significant effects in increasing bureaucrats’ whistleblowing intention. As an implication, this study calls for an academic attention toward “bureaucratic whistleblowing” and theory underlying how to best protect and empower the prospective federal whistleblowers.
The Role of Parent-Adolescent Relationships in the Development of (Pre)Hypertension in Young Adulthood in the U.S.
No full textBackground
Hypertension is a strong factor for stroke and coronary disease, and it has been found that 1 in 4 young adults are experiencing pre-hypertension in the United States This study was designed to examine the role of parent-adolescent relationships in the risk of developing (pre)hypertension in young adulthood, and to explore potential mediator(s).
Methods
Our analysis was based on the data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Wave 1 (aged 13–18) and Wave 4 (aged 25–32) (N = 3,350). Three parent-adolescent relationships were extracted from a factor analysis, and four different specifications of (pre)hypertension were generated and tested individually. We applied generalised structural equation modelling to perform path analysis estimations.
Results
We found that mother-reported relationship quality had both a direct and an indirect effect via alcohol consumption, on the likelihood of (pre)hypertension in young adulthood. The path from relationship quality to (pre)hypertension via alcohol consumption was consistent with three different specifications of hypertension (pre-hypertension, clinical/experienced hypertension, and experienced hypertension), suggesting the path relation was evident. Our study also showed that both relationship quality and adolescent-reported maternal warmth/responsiveness were associated with the risk of clinical/experienced hypertension via mental health problems. Parental control was found to have a direct and protective effect on clinical/experienced hypertension.
Conclusions
Early family relationships in adolescence predict (pre)hypertension in young adulthood. Initiatives related to parent-adolescent relationships, and the associated effects on later alcohol consumption and mental health problems, may have a long implication on the risk of (pre)hypertension in adulthood.
Global labor flow network reveals the hierarchical organization and dynamics of geo-industrial clusters
Get PDFGroups of firms often achieve a competitive advantage through the formation of geo-industrial clusters. Although many exemplary clusters are the subjects of case studies, systematic approaches to identify and analyze the hierarchical structure of geo-industrial clusters at the global scale are scarce. In this work, we use LinkedIn’s employment history data from more than 500 million users over 25 years to construct a labor flow network of over 4 million firms across the world, from which we reveal hierarchical structure by applying network community detection. We show that the resulting geo-industrial clusters exhibit a stronger association between the influx of educated workers and financial performance, compared to traditional aggregation units. Furthermore, our analysis of the skills of educated workers reveals richer insights into the relationship between the labor flow of educated workers and productivity growth. We argue that geo-industrial clusters defined by labor flow provide useful insights into the growth of the economy.1
The Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Alleviation: The Case of Pakistan
No full textThis paper examines the effect of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Pakistan using district-level panel data. We conduct fixed effect panel regressions to show a statistically significant positive impact of microfinance on household income, ownership of household assets, education, and expenditure. These results suggest that the development of microfinance is an efficient tool for both welfare improvement and poverty alleviation in Pakistan.
A comparative study on export promotion programs: Manufacturing versus services
No full textThis paper provides a comparative study on the effectiveness of exportpromotion programs between manufacturing and service firms, basedon a survey analysis for Korean companies. Specifically, we explorethe relationships among the characteristics of individual firms, the keybarriers to trade for these firms and the effectiveness of EPPs. First ofall, our estimation results show that the net impact of exportpromotion programs on individual firms’ export performance, aftercontrolling for firm-level heterogeneity, tends to be more significant formanufacturing firms than for service firms. Second, regardless of anindividual firm’s status or characteristics, bottlenecks in overseasmarketing, such as the lack of marketing experts and the difficulty insecuring foreign distribution networks, are the most bindingconstraints to exporting activities. Third, while firms have differentneeds for public export support depending on their own characteristics,this mechanism is more complex for service firms relative tomanufacturers.2
North Korean Refugees’ Media Use and Social Capital A Focus on Trust, Network, and Adaptation
No full text본 연구는 북한이탈주민들이 한국사회에 적응하는 과정에서 미디어를 적극적으로 이용한다는 점에 주목하여, 이들의 미디어 수용 행태와 한국사회에 대한 신뢰도(대인 신뢰, 제도 신뢰), 인적 네트워크, 그리고 적응도(체제 적응도, 사회 적응도) 간의 관계를 사회자본의 개념을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 한국개발연구원(KDI)에서 북한이탈주민 1,010명을 대상으로 실시한 ‘북한이탈주민 실태조사’ 자료를 데이터로 활용하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미디어 이용은 제도에 대한 신뢰, 인적 네트워크 형성, 사회 적응과 관계가 깊으며 매체에 따라 그 효과가 상이하다. 둘째, 미디어 이용(TV, 신문)은 제도에 대한 신뢰를 통해 체제 적응에 간접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 셋째, 신문 구독과 사회 적응 간 직접적 관계가 있으며, 신문과 인터넷 매체는 인적 네트워크를 통해 간접적으로도 사회적응에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 북한이탈주민의 미디어 이용과 사회자본 축적 간 긴밀한 상관관계가 있다는 본 연구의 결과는 현대사회에서 미디어의 영향력이 단순히 정보 전달에 국한되는 것이 아닌, 인적 네트워크를 포함하는 사회자본의 영역으로 확대될 수 있다는 가능성의 측면에서 의의가 있다.
Since North Korean refugees are adapting to a new society through their active media use, this study examines North Korean refugees’ behaviors on media use and its association with trust (in terms of inter-personal and institutional trust), network, and their degree of adaptation in South Korean society. For this research purpose, we analyze the survey data for 1,010 representative North Korean refugees conducted by Korea Development Institute in 2016. Our main findings are as follows. First, media use is related to institutional trust, human network formation, and adaptation but its relations are differential by media type. Second, media use in terms of TV or newspaper is indirectly related to adaptation through institutional trust. Third, there is a direct association between newspaper and adaptation while newspaper and internet are indirectly related to adaptation through human network. The results of this study have implications in that the impact of media includes, but is not limited to, simple information sharing as well as accumulation of social capital such as trust and human network in a new society.2
A Study on Happiness and Social Capital of the Transitional Countries
No full text본 연구는 체제전환의 질적 변화라 할 수 있는 해당국 주민들의 삶의 만족도, 행복감, 사회자본 변화 등과 같은 비경제적 요인의 중요성을 인식하면서 체제전환에 따른 미시적 차원에서 일반 주민들의 자본주의 시장경제에 대한 수용성, 행복감, 신뢰 수준의 변화를 실증적으로분석했다. 분석 결과, 체제전환 이후 국민들의 평균적 행복감은 하락했고, 대인 신뢰와 조직에대한 신뢰도 높아지지 않았다. 인센티브, 민영화, 경쟁 등 시장경제적 제도에 대한 지지는 개인의 사회경제적 지위에 따라 편차를 보였고, 시장경제에 대한 지지와 대인 신뢰가 높을수록행복감은 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 거버넌스 지표와 행복감 결정 모형 분석 결과, 시민참여와 부패관리 지표는 향상된 반면 정치적 안정성 하락과 법치의 불완전은 주민들의 행복감을저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 물적, 경제적 성과에 더해 일반 국민들의 행복감과 신뢰를 향상시키는 제도적 기반으로서 거버넌스 지표 개선을 위한 보다 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.
The transition of the socialist system to a free market economy in the late 20th century was a ‘grand transformation’ with political, economic and social significance beyond the success or failure of the competing systems. Recognizing the importance of non-economic factors such as happiness and trust and social capital, this study empirically analyzed changes in the level of acceptance of the new system, happiness and trust of the state and among the ordinary people at micro level in the capitalist market economy.
According to the analysis of fixed effect models that controlled national heterogeneity, the average happiness of the people has decreased since the transition, and the trust in interpersonal relationship and pubic institutions has not increased. Support for market economic systems, such as incentives, privatization and competition, differed according to individuals' socioeconomic status, and the higher their support for the market economy and their trust in people, the higher the level of happiness. Analysis of national governance indicators and happiness showed that while civic participation and corruption management indicators improved, decline in political stability and the inability of the rule of law undermined the happiness of residents.
Given that the ultimate goal of the state and national system is to improve her residents' quality of life and enhance happiness, this study suggests that more active efforts are needed to improve governance indicators as an institutional basis for the public's sense of well-being and trust in addition to physical and economic performance.2