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The Social Perception of Government and its Effect on the Use of E-Government
Full text linkThe current research examines the relationship between e-government website evaluation and the variables associated with the usage of e-government services (user satisfaction and intention to use) with basic social perceptions, warmth and competence, toward the government as the mediators (Fiske, 1993; Fiske et al., 2002). The results show that transparency, information suitability, and security of the webstie are associated with perception of warmth, while service quality was associated with perception of competence. Citizen engagement of the website was directly linked to individuals’ intention to use the government website. Lastly, social perceptions were found to predict user satisfaction with the e-government website and future intention to use the website, confirming the mediational effect of social perceptions. Our findings suggest that the government agency is not simply viewed as a service provider but also as a social entity that encompasses both warmth and competence from the perspective of citizens, and these social perceptions impact their use of e-government services
The Impact of COVID-19 on Jobs in Korea: Does Contact-intensiveness Matter?
Full text linkThis paper studies how COVID-19 has affected the labor market in Korea through a general equilibrium model with multiple industries and occupations. In the model, workers are allocated to one of many occupations in an industry, and industrial or occupational shocks alter the employment structure. I calibrate the model with Korean data and identify industrial and occupational shocks, referred to here as COVID-19 shocks, behind the employment dynamics in 2020 and 2021. I find that COVID-19 shocks are more severe for those with jobs with a higher risk of infection and in those that are more difficult to do from home. Interestingly, the relationship between COVID-19 shocks and infection risk weakened as the pandemic progressed, whereas the relationship between COVID-19 shocks and easiness of work-from-home strengthened. I interpret the results as meaning that the pandemic may direct future technological changes to replace tasks that require contact-intensive steps, and I simulate the impact of such technological changes through the lens of the model. The results show that such technological changes will lower the demand for manual workers compared to the demands for other occupations. This contrasts with the earlier trend of job polarization, where manual workers continued to increase their employment share, with the share of routine workers secularly declining at the same time
Three essays on inward foreign direct investment and region
Full text linkThesis(Doctoral) -- KDI School: Ph.D in Development Policy, 2022The dissertation consists of three essays on FDI and regional economy. Although there are differences in structure and methodology for each essay, each essay is closely related to each other in the following two major directions.
First, the essays, focusing on FDI inflow, observe the unbalanced development between the capital area and non-capital area in Korea.
Second, the essays in this dissertation are closely linked together as each essay is focusing on each element of the production function below.
Y=A*(L, K), where Y refers to the final policy goals pursued by regional economic policies, such as the development of the local economy and the increase of the regional population; and A, L and K represent innovation capacity, human capital and capital investment respectively.
More specifically, Chapter 1 is a study on element K. This essay reviews Korea''s balanced regional development policy to narrow the gap between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, and reviews the Korean government''s policy to revitalize FDI, and describes the current status of FDI attraction in nonmetropolitan areas.
Chapter 2 is a study on element L. This essay observes how the proportion of highly educated workforces affects the inflow of FDI. In addition, this essay observes how the proportion of highly educated workforces (1) between the manufacturing and service industries, and (2) between the capital area and non-capital area affects differently on the inward FDI attraction performances.
Finally, Chapter 3 is a study on element A. This essay observes how the inflow of FDI affects the strengthening of regional innovation capabilities. In particular, this chapter analyzes the difference in the effect of FDI inflow on regional innovation capabilities using an interaction term between non-capital area dummy variables and regional FDI inflow performance.
Through series of essays on strengthening regional innovation capabilities through FDI inflow, the importance of human capital to increase FDI inflow and FDI-regional economy related-policies’ improvement, this dissertation hopes to contribute to the balanced development among Korean regions.- Chapter 1: Regional Development and FDI Policies in Korea - Focusing on Imbalanced Development between Capital Area and Non-capital Area
- Chapter 2: Human Capital, as a Determinant of FDI - Comparison among Regions and Industries in Korea
- Chapter 3: Effect of Inward FDI on Innovation of Korean Regions - Focusing on Spatial and Industrial DifferencedoctoralpublishedSunmin YOO
A Survey of the Literature on Banking in Korea: A Decade on from the Global Financial Crisis
Full text linkThis paper reviews recent studies on banking in Korea by classifying a substantial body of literature into three categories – the role of banks in the real economy, the efficiency and performance of the banking industry, and regulatory and policy issues. This paper differs from previous survey literature in that it offers a comprehensive systematic literature review of banking studies in Korea in a decade on from the global financial crisis and presents statistics of research articles on various topics in banking published in major economics and finance journals. We find the rising trend of banking research across all subjects, and in particular, dramatic increases around the global financial crisis. This paper also reveals a lack of studies on several topics such as distributed ledger technologies and central bank digital currency, recommending future research on these topics.2
Political Economy of Immigration and Fiscal Sustainability
Full text linkThis paper introduces a politico-economic model with a welfare stateand immigration. In this model, policies on taxes and immigration are determined through a plurality voting system. While many studies of fiscal implications of immigration argue that relaxing immigration policies can substitute for tax reforms in an aging economy, I show that the democratic voting procedure can dampen the effect of relaxing immigration policies as desired policy reforms are not always implemented by the winner of an election. This political economy results in three types of social welfare losses. First, the skill composition is not balanced at a socially efficient level because workers are motivated to maximize their wages. Second, older retirees implement excessive taxes to maximize the size of the welfare state. Third, the volume of immigration is lower than the optimal level given the incentive by young workers to regain political power in the future
vector error correction model approach
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2022Economies all over the world aim to achieve high growth rate of output and stability in the general price level. But the tradeoff between output growth and inflation makes it imperative for Central Banks to conduct monetary policy. The study, therefore, aims to analyze the effect of price and money supply on GDP growth in Ghana using a forty-year time series data from 1980 to 2020. The empirical work used Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), cumulative impulse response function in VAR model and causality checks techniques to assess short-run and long- run relationship among price level, broad money supply, interest rate and GDP. Analysis of VECM short-run estimates revealed broad supply of money significantly affects GDP. The results further indicate that past year income and price level have negative and statistically significant effects on current year output. However, long-run estimates of the co-integrating vector shows that supply of money does not have statistically significant effect on GDP. This result is corroborated by the outcome of the cumulative orthogonal impulse response function. Furthermore, with -0.215 as the coefficient of the error correction model, a disequilibrium to GDP caused by shocks to the exogenous variables in the short-run are corrected at an adjustment speed of 21.5% in the long-run. Moreover, the study robustly concludes on bidirectional relationship between inflation and money supply. As a policy recommendation, this study proposes that the Bank of Ghana pays critical attention to the monetary policy rate since it is the channel through which the central bank targets inflation in order to achieve price stability and sustained output growth.1 INTRODUCTION
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
3 METHODOLOGY
4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL RESULTS
5 CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedAbdul-Razak Abass SAEE
panel data analysis (1990-2019)
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2022Africa is expected to contribute more than half of the global demographic expansion between now and 2050. By 2050, Sub-Saharan Africa’s population is predicted to double. According to the World Bank, recent drops in the birth rate in Sub-Saharan Africa imply that the working ages (25 to 64 years) population is rising more rapidly than those of different age groups, increasing the likelihood of economic expansion. Using a panel data methodology, the paper investigates the effect of demographic expansion on the economy of 43 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2019. The analysis employed annual secondary data from the database of development indicators of the World Bank and from the database of world economic outlook of IMF. Besides the analysis of descriptive statistics, panel model of random and fixed effects have been used to observe the data. The results of both models of fixed and random effects analysis revealed a one-to-one correlation between GDP per capita growth and population surge, suggesting that demographic expansion benefits the economy. The study recommends that Sub-Saharan African countries design and execute realistic population policy initiatives to increase the productivity level of their population to reap larger demographic dividend gains.Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Empirical literature
Research Method
Results and Discussions
ConclusionmasterpublishedHenok Fantahun TESSEM
the case of US secondary sanctions against North Korea (2001–2020)
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022Are secondary economic sanctions effective? The United States (US) introduced secondary sanctions to complement sanctions from the United Nations (UN). This paper examines whether the US secondary sanctions are effective by examining the case of sanctions against North Korea by exploiting the variation in implementation of sanctions against North Korea based on the analysis of sanction implementation reports to the UN, and trade volume data at dyadic level for 203 countries between 2001 and 2020. The findings suggest that secondary sanctions are relatively ineffective, while UN sanctions are still a helpful tool. Such findings are robust to the inclusion or exclusion of China into the sample. The implications from the findings suggest that more efforts to convince others to participate in the implementation of the UN sanctions rather than pursuing unilateral secondary sanctions can be more effective in the part of the US.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Sanctions on North Korea
4. Data and Variables
5. Methodology
6. Findings
7. Discussion and ConclusionmasterpublishedYechan MOO
Sentiment Shock and Housing Prices: Evidence from Korea
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of sentiment shock, which is defined as a stochastic innovation to the Housing Market Confidence Index (HMCI) that is orthogonal to past housing price changes, on aggregate housing price changes and housing price volatility. This paper documents empirical evidence that sentiment shock has a statistically significant relationship with Korea’s aggregate housing price changes. Specifically, the key findings show that an increase in sentiment shock predicts a rise in the aggregate housing price and a drop in its volatility at the national level. For the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR), this study also suggests that sentiment shock is positively associated with one-month-ahead aggregate housing price changes, whereas an increase in sentiment volatility tends to increase housing price volatility as well. In addition, the out-of-sample forecasting exercises conducted here reveal that the prediction model endowed with sentiment shock and sentiment volatility outperforms other competing prediction models
The Effects of Lowering the Statutory Maximum Interest Rate on Non-bank Credit Loans
Full text linkThis paper analyzes the effects of the cut in the legal maximum interest rate (from 27.4% to 24%) that occurred in February of 2018 on loan interest rates, the default rates, and the loan approval rate of borrowers in the non-banking sector. We use the difference-in-difference identification strategy to estimate the effect of the cut in the legal maximum interest rate using micro-level data from a major creditrating company. The legal maximum rate cut significantly lowers the loan interest rate and default rate of low-credit borrowers (i.e., highcredit- risk borrowers) in the non-banking sector. However, this effect is limited to borrowers who have not been excluded from the market despite the legal maximum interest rate cut. The loan approval rate of low-credit borrowers decreased significantly after the legal maximum interest rate cut. Meanwhile, the loan approval rate of high-credit and medium-credit (i.e., low credit risk and medium credit risk) borrowers increased. This implies that financial institutions in the non-banking sector should reduce the loan supply to low-credit borrowers who are no longer profitable while increasing the loan supply to high- and medium-credit borrowers