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How Other Minorities Gained Access: The War on Poverty and Asian American and Latino Community Organizing
No full textIn the early twentieth century, Asian Americans and Latinos organized along national origin lines and focused on assimilation; By the 1960s and 1970s, community organizers from both groups began to form panethnic community service organizations (CSOs) that emphasized solidarity. I argue that focusing on the rise of panethnic CSOs reveals an underappreciated mechanism that has mobilized Asian Americans and Latinos—the welfare state. The War on Poverty programs incentivized non-black minority community organizers to form panethnic CSOs to gain access to state resources and serve the economically disadvantaged in their communities. Drawing on extensive archival research, I identify this mechanism and test it with my original dataset of 818 Asian American and Latino advocacy organizations and CSOs. Leveraging the Reagan budget cut, I show that dismantling the War on Poverty programs reduced the founding rate of panethnic CSOs. I further estimated that a 1 percent increase in federal funding was associated with the increase of the two panethnic CSOs during the War on Poverty. The findings demonstrate how access to state resources forces activists among non-primary beneficiary groups to build new political identities that fit the dominant image of the policy beneficiaries.
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Korea
No full textDoes financial development contribute to economic growth? The literature finds that an expansion in financial resources is useful for economic growth if the degree of financial development is under a certain threshold; otherwise, the expansion is detrimental to growth. Almost every published study, however, considers country-panel data. Accordingly, the results are not directly applicable to the Korean economy. By examining Korean time-series data, this paper finds that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the per capita real GDP growth rate and private credit (as a percentage of nominal GDP)―a well-known measure of quantitative financial development, where the threshold is 171.5%. This paper also finds that private credit is positively associated with economic growth if the share of household credit out of private credit is less than 46.9%; otherwise, private credit is negatively associated with economic growth. As of 2016, the ratio of private credit to GDP and the ratio of household credit to private credit are both higher than the corresponding thresholds, which implies that policymakers should place more emphasis on qualitative financial development than on a quantitative expansion of financial resources
A Study on Technical Cooperation and Policy Implications for Development Cooperation with North Korea
No full text연구목적: 본 논문은 국제개발협력의 주요 수단으로 기능하고 있는 기술협력 의 최근 특징과 내용에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 북한의 국가 역량 강화 및 제도 기반 구축을 위한 개발협력 방안과 정책적 시사점을 모색한다. 연구의 중요성: 기술협력은 협력국의 정책역량과 제도 역량 구축에 기여하고 있으나, 북한을 대상으로 실시되었던 유사한 프로그램들에 대한 객관적 평가는 현실적 제약으로 용이하지 않다. 그럼에도 본 연구는 국제사회의 기술협력 관 련 이론적, 실천적 논의를 바탕으로 기존에 수행되었던 북한 대상 협력사업들 에 대한 분석을 통해 향후 대북 기술협력의 방향과 과제를 제시한다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. 연구방법론: 1995년 이후 2019년까지 북한을 대상으로 진행되었던 역량강화 및 기술협력 사업을 정량적으로 분석하였고, 시행 기관이 발행한 1차 문헌 자료 와 사업 실무진을 대상으로 면접을 진행하였다. 연구결과: 북한을 대상으로 진행되었던 역량 강화 프로그램과 기술협력 사업 들은 정치적 환경 변화에 따른 불안정성을 노출하였고, 이로 인해 사업의 지속 성과 일관성 부재, 사업 간 연계성과 조정의 취약성이 발견되었다. 또한 사업의 수요자는 북한이라는 단일 주체인 반면 지식공유 사업을 수행한 공급주체는 매우 다양하여 이들 공급주체 간 조정 기제 및 협업 체계 역시 취약한 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 기관 간 사업의 시너지 효과를 위한 거버넌스 개선과 효과성 제고를 위한 사업 원칙, 목표, 가치 등에 대한 공유가 필요함을 보여준다. 결론 및 시사점: 본 연구 결과는 기존 대북 기술협력 프로그램과 기 수행된 체제전환국 대상 지식공유사업에 대한 경험을 통해 대북 기술협력이 진행될 경우, 수요조사를 위한 관계 기관과 협의, 실무역량 강화 프로그램, 단계별 자문 전략 등에 대한 사전정책협의와 조정 등 사업단계별 기획과 집행을 위한 구체 적인 시사점을 제공한다.
Purpose: Based on an analysis of the latest features and contents of technological cooperation, which functions as a major means of international development cooperation, in preparation for development cooperation for North Korea in the future, this paper explores the measures and policy implications of development cooperation for strengthening the national capacity and building the foundation of the institutions in North Korea. Originality: Technical cooperation contributes to building policy capabilities and institutional capabilities of partner countries. Nonetheless, objective evaluation of similar programs conducted on North Korea is not easy due to various constraints. Despite these limitations, this study is meaningful in that it presents the direction and tasks of future technological cooperation to North Korea through a review of development cooperation projects including capacity building programs based on the theoretical and practical compliance of the international community. Methodology: It analyzed capacity building and technology cooperation projects that were carried out for North Korea from 1995 to 2019, and conducted in-depth interviews with project managers and working-level officials and primary literature materials issued by the implementation agencies.
Result: The capacity building program and technology cooperation projects that were conducted on North Korea exposed instability due to changes in the political environment, resulting in the discontinuity and the lack of consistency, and the vulnerability of inter-project links and coordination. In addition, since the suppliers who carried out the knowledge transfer project were very diverse, matters were coordination among the partner agencies. This finding indicates that it is needed to share business principles, goals, and values to improve governance and program effectiveness in the future.
Conclusions and Implication: The results of this study provide implications for North Korea and for the international community on how to proceed with policy consultations and coordination before full-scale economic cooperation is resumed, specifically such as the contents of knowledge sharing projects, negotiation experience with related ministries and partner agencies for demand surveys, and step-by-step advisory strategies.
Research on the Finnish Innovative Start-up and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem
No full text요 약
제1장 핀란드의 혁신생태계와 스타트업의 역할: 국가전략의 관점에서
제1절 연구배경 및 목적
제2절 핀란드의 디지털 전환과 공공거버넌스
1. OECD ‘Going Digital: 정책수립과 삶의 질 개선’ 프레임워크를 통해 바라 본 핀란드 디지털 경제·사회 현황
2. 열린정부와 디지털거버넌스
제2장 핀란드 혁신실험 및 스타트업을 위한 정책플랫폼: 혁신랩과 스마트시티를 중심으로
제1절 Forum Virium Helsinki(FVH)
1. FVH 개요
2. Helsinki Region Infoshare
3. 스마트 칼라사타마
4. 헬싱키 에너지 챌린지
5. 기타 사례 및 성과
제2절 Demos Helsinki
1. Demos Helsinki 개요
2. 혁신플랫폼 운영전략과 방법론
3. 혁신플랫폼의 기능과 활동 사례
제3장 핀란드 혁신창업 및 기업가정신 생태계 특성과 한국에서의 시사점
제1절 핀란드의 혁신창업생태계 개요
제2절 핀란드의 혁신창업생태계 특징
제3절 주요 전략 및 지원 기관
1. 비즈니스 핀란드(Business Finland)
2. 핀란드 VTT 기술연구센터
3. 디지털 라이트하우스(Digital Lighthouse) 전략
4. 핀란드 스타트업 허가(Finnish Startup Permit) 프로그램
제4절 핀란드 혁신창업생태계 주요 성공요인과 시사점
참고문헌
Summary
Content
사회적경제 확산 방안: 노인돌봄 분야를 중심으로
No full text제I장 서론
제1절 연구의 필요성 및 목적
제2절 연구의 범위
제II장 사회적경제의 이론적 배경과 정책수요
제1절 사회적 가치 구현과 사회적경제
제2절 사회적경제조직 현황 및 쟁점
제III장 지역사회 통합돌봄과 사회적경제
제1절 개요
제2절 통합돌봄 서비스 제공의 제약조건 분석
제3절 지속가능한 사업 모델을 위한 제도적 제약
제IV장 사회서비스분야 전문가 델파이 조사
제1절 조사의 개요
제2절 조사 결과 분석
제V장 사회서비스복합단지 도입 방안
제1절 사회서비스복합단지 개요
제2절 사회서비스복합단지 운영(예)
제3절 사회서비스복합단지 해외 유사사례: 카라박 프로젝트
제VI장 사회서비스 부문 운영형 민간투자사업 도입
제1절 사회서비스 부문에 대한 PPP 현황 및 기대효과
제2절 민간투자사업 유형 구분
제3절 사회서비스부문 임대형민간투자사업 도입 방안
제4절 사회서비스부문 임대형민간투자사업 시행을 위한 제도정비 사항
제VII장 종합결론 및 정책제언
1. 사회서비스 부문 사회적경제 활성화
2. 사회서비스 분야에서의 사회적경제기업의 강점
3. 사회서비스 분야에서의 사회적경제기업 사례
4. 사회적경제조직 우대에 관한 법적 근거 검토
부록 1. 사회서비스복합단지 신용보증기금 참여 방안
부록 2. 사회서비스 분야에서의 사회적경제기업 사례
부록 3. 사회서비스분야 사회적경제 활성화 전문가 델파이조사 설문지
참고문
Halting an Infectious Disease Outbreak: Nigeria’s Centre for Disease Control Contains Lassa Fever and Sets a Prevention Plan, 2015 to 2017
No full textThis case study examines how the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) tackled an outbreak of Lassa fever and moved from this response to institute a long-term plan to prevent and respond to future outbreaks.
In late 2015, an outbreak of Lassa fever—an acute hemorrhagic fever caused by a virus usually transmitted by rodents—threatened thousands of lives across Nigeria. By the end of December, the outbreak had spread to 14 states and the Federal Capital Territory, infecting more than 400 Nigerians and killing more than 40. The prevalence of cases forced the government to act quickly to diagnose and treat people before the outbreak became an epidemic. Learning from its experience containing the Ebola virus in 2014, the Nigerian government set up a response team, distributed essential supplies, monitored the outbreak, launched a public awareness campaign, and built public health capacity.
To achieve results, the NCDC had to confront a number of delivery challenges. These included a deficit of organizational capacity and skills, which required quick increases in staff capacity to respond effectively. Testing and laboratory capacity was also expanded. Moreover, some communities were reluctant to use Ribavirin, the drug used to treat Lassa, for reasons related to local religious beliefs and to the spread of misinformation about the disease itself. The NCDC instituted a number of measures, ranging from using social media and WhatsApp to communicate more widely and quickly with the general public,to partnering with local universities to raise awareness among students and health practitioners.
By August 2017, the government had contained the outbreak and had begun rolling out a long-term plan to prevent future outbreaks. These efforts included knowledge-sharing and awareness-raising activities among health practitioners and farmers (a critical segment of society for controlling Lassa because the disease mostly spread through food contaminated by rodents). It also included improving data practices for Lassa across the country. And the increase in capacity through improved human resources, new hospitals, and a better-equipped diagnostic laboratory meant the NCDC ended this period better prepared to detect and respond to future outbreaks.
In 2020, Nigeria experienced its largest documented outbreak of Lassa fever, which coincided with the global COVID-19 pandemic. This suggested that further efforts were necessary to enhance preparedness, and in mid-2020 the NCDC was stepping up these efforts
Innovating inter-governmental collaboration for smart emergency response system : Daejeon smart city operation center, 2010-2017
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2020."Help me! Save me! Please!” Imagine that you witness an urgent situation and call 119, the emergency call number in the Republic of Korea (hereafter “Korea”). What if the emergency services team arrived on-site within six minutes, already recognized the situation and immediately began taking action?
Daejeon, Korea’s fifth-largest city, successfully improved the quality and efficiency of its urban public services with a smart solution. Daejeon was the first city in Korea to integrate Information and Communications Technology (hereafter “ICT”) infrastructure such as municipal networks and Closed-Circuit Televisions (hereafter “CCTV”) at the metropolitan level. By 2013, Daejeon opened the Daejeon Smart City Operation Center, persuading relevant agencies on the need for equity in urban services and sustainably operating ICT devices. The relevant institutes combined their budgets and 10 departments with similar responsibilities from different organizations joined the center. Soon after, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (hereafter “MOLIT”) selected Daejeon as its research and development pilot smart city in 2014. The Daejeon local government and the national government worked together to introduce and customize the integration platform that connected five safety services for citizens. This collaborative work filled the gap of local government’s lack of authority or financial capacity to accomplish its smart city goals with technical, financial, and institutional support from the national government.
From 2015 to 2017, the average response time for 119 emergencies in Daejeon decreased from about seven and a half minutes to less than six minutes. The city’s crime decreased by about 5% and the arrest rate increased by about 7.7% over the same period. As of 2019, 49 local governments in Korea had adopted Daejeon’s “smart city” model.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Delivery Challenges
IV. Tracing the Implementation Process
V. Lessons LearnedOutstandingmasterpublishe
Investigating Determinants that Affect Job and Life Dissatisfaction: The Case of Relocation
Get PDFPurpose: Geographical relocation has been conducted to alleviate overcrowding and to support balanced regional development in many countries.
Previous studies have seldom examined the effectiveness of relocation on job and life dissatisfaction, particularly in the public sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of relocation on job and life dissatisfaction. Proposed research questions include the following: i) do working conditions in the new workplace and interactivity affect job dissatisfaction? ii) do social infrastructure and social activity in the new location affect life dissatisfaction? and iii) is there a relationship between job and life dissatisfaction? Research Design, data, and methodology: The study collected data via an online survey and applied statistical analyses such as factor analysis, regression, and ANOVA. Results: The results of this study found that proposed determinants excluding mobility inefficiency and decision-making affect job and life dissatisfaction. The results also showed that there are relationships between job and life dissatisfaction. Conclusions: The results of this study provide both managerial and policy implications of relocation for the public sector. The results of this study implied that better policy should be designed to increase job and life satisfaction that also accounts for the realities of relocation.2
An Analysis on Factors that Affect Academic Achievement in Globalized Environment
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the academic achievement of international students in degree programs in global education environment. Based on exploratory research, this study proposed four factors and examined effects of academic factors on academic satisfaction, effects of social factors on social adjustment, effects of cultural factors on cultural adaption, effects of economic factors on financial stability, and effects of four factors on academic achievement of international students. Research design, data, and methodology: This study conducted online survey to collect the data and results provide importance to increase interactivity between international students and teachers and between international students and hosting country‟s students. Results: The results of this study found what variables affect four proposed factors, while academic satisfaction significantly affects academic achievement rather than other factors. Conclusions: The results show how to improve academic related variables is key for the success of academic achievement. Results of this study provide implications which aspects should be considered to increase overall academic achievement by managing and improving the quality of higher education in global setting. This study provides managerial and policy implications for enhanced academic achievement of international students in global context.2
Injunctions and Hold-up under Weak Patent Protection
No full textThis paper analyzes how injunctions relate to patent hold-up problems. To this end, we present a simple model of licensing negotiations between a patent holder and a downstream firm in the shadow of litigation. More specifically, we consider the situation in which an injunction is granted as a matter of course if a patent is found valid and infringed upon in litigation, but the patent holder may be under-compensated due to aspects of the patent remedy system other than injunctions. We show that if the downstream user is unaware of the patent before any investment in initially designing its product, the patent hold-up problems created by injunction threats are worrisome when (i) the redesign process is costly, (ii) the degree of patent protection (by aspects of the patent remedy system other than injunctions) is sufficiently strong and (iii) the injunction is requested not to practice the patented technology exclusively but to collect excessive patent royalties. Even if the downstream user is aware of the patent before the initial investment, the patent hold-up problems do not disappear. The findings here imply that a discretionary approach is required towards denying injunctions against patent infringement. If the degree of patent protection is not sufficiently strong, denying injunctions can exacerbate the undercompensation problem. However, once patent protection improves enough (not necessarily perfectly), we may see a surge of patent holdup problems, and it would be better to apply alternative patent remedies in place of injunctions when necessary. Lastly, we discuss several possible alternatives to injunctions and their pros and cons