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Immigration and Invention: Does Language Matter?
No full textEconomists have long noted that linguistically diverse immigrant flows might have a particularly large impact on innovation and creativity, through the introduction and combination of new perspectives, information, and habits (Alesina and La Ferrara, 2005). On the other hand, if innovation depends on communication, and communication depends on a common language, then linguistically uniform immigration flows may have the largest impact on innovation. In this paper, we make use of features of the 1920s US immigration quotas that caused some of the “missing immigrants” to be absent from cities which had many residents who happened to speak their language, while other “missing immigrants” were absent from cities which had few residents who spoke their language. The resulting changes in innovation are consistent with a U-shaped curve for the effect of linguistic diversity on the innovativeness of a society. Too much linguistic diversity creates a “tower of babel” effect, in which people have unique things to talk about but no common language to say them in. Too little linguistic diversity creates a homogeneous population, in which people have a common language but nothing unique to share. The optimal amount of linguistic diversity for a creative society appears to be somewhere in between.TRU
Market Access Approach to Urban Growth
No full textThis paper studies urban growth in Korean cities. First, I document that population growth patterns change over time and that the current population distribution supports random urban growth. I confirm two empirical laws—Zipf’s law and Gibrat’s law—both of which hold in the period of 1995-2015, but do not hold in the earlier period of 1975-1995. Second, I find a systematic employment growth pattern of Korean cities in spite of the random population growth. I examine market access effects on employment growth. Market access, a geographical advantage, has a significant influence on urban employment growth. The market access effect is higher in the Seoul metropolitan area than in the rest of the country. This effect is stronger on employment growth in the manufacturing industry compared to employment growth in the service industry. These results are robust with various checks (e.g., different definitions of urban areas). The results here suggest that policymakers should consider geographical characteristics when they make policy decisions with respect to regional development
Analyzing factors that affect job attitude, job satisfaction and job performance in public sector
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Mangement, 2020In Korea, the number of employees in public organizations has been increased recently to improve the quality of people''s lives by enhancing the quality of services provided by the public sector. In order to improve the quality of services, it is essential to raise up working conditions, advance the personnel management and upgrade the organizational culture, in addition to increasing the number of the workers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect job attitude, job satisfaction and jobperformance in public sector. And the following research questions have been formulated. i) Does payroll system affect job attitude? ii) Does personnel management system affect job attitude? iii) Does cooperative working environment affect job attitude? iv) Does self efficacy affect job attitude? This paper used a survey through an online platform. It was found that cooperative working environment and self efficacy had a significant impact on job attitude. However, payroll system and personnel management system did not affect job attitude, especially the payroll system did not affect job satisfaction either. The results of this study provide policy and managerial implications what should be considered to enhance job attitude, satisfaction, and performance in public sector.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Theoretical Background
IV. Hypothesis Development
V. Methodology
VI. Data analysis
VII. ConclusionsmasterpublishedYoung Soo KI
The Impact of sex-separate toilets on school participation of pubescent-age girls in India
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020The issue of sanitation is related to the academic achievement of students in developing countries. Above all, sex-separate sanitation facilities in schools play a crucial role when it comes to students’ ability to focus on their studies, particularly for girls just at the beginning of puberty. This paper examines the association between girls’ toilets and school participation by adolescent girls in India using a state-level panel data set. To control for potential omitted variables bias, I adopt state fixed effects among control variables. I have two major findings. First, schools with sex-separate toilets are associated with a higher level of girls’ enrolment at the secondary and the higher secondary level. Second, schools with sex-separate toilets are also associated with a higher level of school attendance by girls at the secondary level.INTRODUCTION
THEORY AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
METHODS
FINDINGS
CONCLUSIONmasterpublishedHyun Ji O
Immigration to Korea: A Fiscal Boon or Burden?
Get PDFThis paper intends to examine the extent of the fiscal contribution of immigrants to Korea. According to this analysis, the aim is to derive implications pertaining to the direction of Korea’s immigration policy as a response to fiscal problems caused by population aging. For this purpose, a macroeconomic model is designed to measure the lifetime net fiscal contribution of immigrants in Korea by visa type, age, and other characteristics. According to this analysis, the sum of the lifetime fiscal contribution for all immigrants in Korea is negative. This implies that immigration policy reforms that increase the inflow size while maintaining the current structure of the foreign population characteristics can rather worsen Korea’s fiscal problems. This finding suggests that immigration policy reform may exacerbate Korea’s fiscal soundness if it simply targets the maintenance of the numerical balance of the demographic structure
SuperCADEs: Introducing One-Stop Government Service Shops in Bogota, Colombia, 2004-2008
No full textBefore 2004, public agencies and private companies in Bogotá, Colombia were spread out widely across the city. Citizens had to move from one area to another depending on the type of procedure they required, and almost always experienced long travel and waiting times to access services. To solve the problem, in February 2004, the city opened a one-stop-shop—dubbed “SuperCADE”—where citizens could access more than 200 public services from local and national level institutions. To implement the one-stop shop services, the city government had to mend inter-administrative agreements and train staff to improve the quality of attention to the citizens. Despite initially only offering 40 percent of the planned services, citizen demand exceeded expectations. Initial calculations estimated 2,000 people would show up on the first day, however, more than 6,000 citizens passed through the SuperCADE after just half a day. Setting up the first SuperCADE in Bogotá laid the foundations for the government to set up more of these service centers, greatly improving the quality and efficiency of services that citizens received
promoting access to finance and developing human resources
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020Myanmar has been endeavoring to implement an industrialized nation from an agricultural country as the other developed nations. After the significant political transition from the Military Government to Democratic Government in 2011, the rate of FDIs investing in Myanmar is getting higher dramatically because of its economically geographic location and advantageous economic reform.
The effective way of industrialization is to support and encourage the growth of industrial based-Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) such as automotive parts supplier SMEs to FDI-MNCs. As the major players of the national economy, the Union Government has been providing fundamental needs of SMEs and nurturing the skilled labours required for foreign investment.
However, development is invisible significantly and they are still having multiple obstacles and challenges in receiving technologies, access to finance and market. The study comes to conclude that the agricultural-based SMEs are getting more supports rather than supportive SMEs for heavy industry. Thu, the government must encourage the growth of these types of SMEs in order to cooperate with FDI and to integrate into the global value chains (GVCs) for the industrialization of the nation rapidly.Part I: Introduction
Part II: Research and Findings
Chapter 1: Review of Literature
Chapter 2: Correlation between Industrialization and Foreign Direct Investment in Myanmar
Chapter 3: Analysis of Automotive Industry in Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand
Chapter 4: Supporting and Financing to SMEs by the Union Government of Myanmar
Chapter 5: Promotion of HRD for attracting Foreign Direct Investment
Part III: Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations
ReferencesmasterpublishedEi Ei Mo
Analyzing the role of education in women empowerment in Bangladesh
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2020This research intends to analyze the role of education in empowerment of women in Bangladesh. Study 1 of this research uses secondary data to examine the role of education in FLF participation. This study applied binary logistic regression, and findings showed a significant relationship between education (having no education, primary education, secondary, higher secondary, and tertiary) and FLF participation. Study 1 also found a significant correlation between women's ownership of land and FLF participation, and between total wage and FLF participation of women. Study 2 used primary data, and the data was collected using an online survey platform. This study also conducted logistic regression and analyze the relationship between six dimensions of women and the employment of women. The findings of study 2 showed a significant relationship between economic empowerment and the employment of women. However, this study did not find any significant correlation between the rest of the five dimensions of women empowerment and employment of women.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Theoretical Background
IV. Study1: Use of Secondary Data
V. Study2: Use of Primary Data
VII. ConclusionmasterpublishedNadia JANNA
Economic System for Vietnam: Social Welfare System
No full textThe Vietnamese economy is similar to the Korean economy in the later half of the 1980s in terms of income and economic structure. Therefore, today’s policy makers in Vietnam has similar issues and problems policy makers in Korea had faced in the past. In particular, they concern about advanced human resource, public sector reform, and economic policies to upgrade their economic structure. This book compares today’s Vietnam to Korea’s past in five areas. Chapter 1 estimates developmental gap between two countries, and provides policy measures for Vietnam not to fall into middle-income-trap. Chapter 2 introduces concept of economic system, and analyze social welfare system. Korea has introduced social welfare system in the 1980s, and gradually expanded it. While health insurance system of Korea is evaluated as a success case, the national pension system is evaluated as a failure case. Based on Korean experiences, the author is providing policy suggestions for the Vietnamese social welfare system. Chapter 3 analyze prudent macroeconomic policies for economic growth and financial market development. In particular, based on two economic crises Korea had experienced, the author suggests macroprudent capital flow, prevention of household debt, and effective way to utilize foreign capital. Chapter 4 emphasizes fair competition, SOE reform, and improving international competitiveness of private sector. Also, it introduces ways to set up effective industrial policies. Chapter 5 analyze labor market and aims to make flexible and secure labor market. It suggests to establish the three party committee between labor, manager, and government. Also, it emphasizes the importance of re-training.Abbreviation
Executive Summary
Author : Doowon Lee
CHAPTER ONE :
Developmental Gap between Vietnam and Korea
Author : Doowon Lee
Ⅰ. Introduction 38
Ⅱ. Measuring the Developmental Gap 40
Ⅲ. The Vietnam Economy and the MIT 52
Ⅳ. Conclusion
CHAPTER TWO :
Economic System for Vietnam: Social Welfare System
Author : Jin Park
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Current Standing in Vietnam
Ⅲ. Korea’s Social Welfare System (Prof. Jin Park, Daemyeong Kwon)
Ⅳ. Current plan for the Social Welfare System in Vietnam
Ⅴ. Vietnam’s Vision and Reform (Prof. Jin Park and Dr. Phan Thi Song Thuong)
Ⅳ. Conclusion
CHAPTER THREE :
Indentifying and Promoting Sound Economic Policies for Growth and Financial Market Development
Author : Ki Young Park
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Evaluating the Current State of the Vietnamese Economy and Financial Markets
Ⅲ. Capital Market Liberalization
Ⅳ. Policy Recommendation
Ⅴ. Conclusion
CHAPTER FOUR :
Enhancing the Industry Ecosystem in Vietnam
Author : Yun Jeong Choi
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Enhancing the Competitiveness of State-Owned Enterprises
Ⅲ. Enhancing the Industrial Competitiveness
Ⅵ. Fostering a Level Playing Field and Fair Competition
Ⅴ. Conclusion
CHAPTER FIVE :
Sustainable Welfare for Labor Market: Labor Flexibility and Employment Protection
Author : Ji Young Park
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Conceptual Framework
Ⅲ. Labor Market Policy in Vietnam: Labor flexibility
Ⅵ. Experiences of South Korea
Ⅴ. Policy Recommendations
Appendices
References
Index
AuthorTRU
Public sector corruption and perceived government performance in transition
Get PDFWe offer evidence that public sector corruption has an inverse association with evaluations of performance at both the local and central government levels. Consistent with ex ante expectations, perceptions of corruption among local government officials are directly and negatively related to performance evaluations at the local government level and relatively less so at the central government level. Conversely, perceptions of corruption among overall government officials have a stronger negative association with performance evaluations of central governments relative to performance evaluations of local governments. These results confirm that individual evaluations of public sector corruption affect perceived government performance evaluations, with local–local, local–central, central–local, and central–central level variances. Regressions by country groups—such as European Union membership, or geographic clusters, such as Southeastern Balkan or the former Soviet Union states—continue to support the core findings with one caveat. Results from two‐level random intercepts and slopes regression models show that the negative association between perceived corruption and government performance evaluation is weaker in contexts with relatively higher levels of public corruption