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Accelerating Regional Development of the Outer Islands: The Implementation of Special Economic Zones in Indonesia
No full textThis case study examines regional development in Indonesia. For decades, economic development efforts by the national government centered on the island of Java, exacerbating unequal development on the other islands, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. To address the issue, the Indonesian government established Special Economic Zones (SEZ, or in Indonesian: Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, KEK). However, efforts to promote business development within the SEZs faced two challenges: overly complex bureaucracy and lack of basic infrastructure. In response, the government established integrated one-stop service centers to handle all required business actions. In addition, the central and local governments worked together with SEZ operators to build critical infrastructure. As a result, the SEZs were able to provide more job opportunities and economic activities for local people
empirical evidence from the Korean manufacturing industry
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020This study examines whether a company’s export activity increases employment and enhances wages by analyzing plant-level panel data of Korea’s manufacturing industry. Previous research has heavily focused on productivity, which was deemed as a factor that boosted companies’ performance, but researchers have not reached a solid agreement on whether export promotes productivity. In this paper, the empirical evidence supports that the firms who had started exporting for three years offered higher wages and saw an increased need for hiring new employees than the matched non-exporters did. Moreover, the export-starting effect on wages and employment is evident in 8 out of 22 manufacturing sectors: (1) food products and beverages, (2) rubber and plastics products, (3) other non-metallic mineral products, (4) basic metals, (5) other machinery and equipment, (6) other electrical machinery and electric transformers, (7) electronic components, visual, sounding, and communication equipment, and (8) motor vehicles and trailers. In terms of wages per worker, manufacture of medical, precision, and optical instruments reports the highest amount with a significant mean difference of 11.7%p between the export starters and the non-exporters. The electronic component, visual sounding, and communication equipment manufacture reveal that export starters hired 68 workers more than the non-exporters, which shows the highest mean difference. These research findings suggest that export promotion policies should be designed to support firms in readiness for accessing the export market. Additionally, such policy could be implemented in a structured manner for each manufacturing sector since the magnitude of the impacts varied.Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
Ⅱ. LITERATURE REVIEW
Ⅲ. METHODOLOGY
Ⅳ. RESULTS
Ⅴ. CONCLUSIONmasterpublishedYeong In KI
A Study of the impact of the adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) on work productivity in the retail banking industry
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020Automation is not a new phenomenon. The automation of activities have proven to be pivotal in productivity growth not only at the individual level, but at the business level and achieved the economies of scale.
One of the emerging technologies that has had a significant impact in the financial services industry is the adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA). IBS Intelligence (2019)’s report acknowledged that the RPA technology deploys “software robots to automate repetitive, rule-based, and high-volume tasks, has helped financial institutions in the phase of digital transformation”.
This research attempts to study the impact of RPA adoption in the South Korean retail banking industry in relation to work productivity through a quantitative analysis. Specifically, the study takes the attributes from the IT innovation theories to observe the front office bank employees’ behavior with the adoption of a new technology like RPA is introduced.
Data sources included analysis of financial reports of the major banks in South Korea and business journals. Then, data were collected from 62 front-office bank employees working at the two of the top five retail banks in South Korea with experiences of reassigning tasks to RPA bots.ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Research Model
Chapter 4: Discussion
Chapter 5: Conclusion
References
AppendixmasterpublishedEura K
A Study on Changes in Social Capital and Life Satisfaction in Transition Countries
No full text본 연구는 구 사회주의권 국가들의 체제전환 이후 경제 성장과 같은 양적 변화에 치중했던 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하고, 해당 국가의 ‘행복’과 ‘신뢰’ 등 질적 변화에 주목하였다. 연구 수행을 위해 World Value Survey의 시계열 자료를 활용하였고, 특히 대인 신뢰, 기관별 신뢰, 협동, 관용, 연대 등 사회자본 관련 변수들로 모형을 구성했다. 국가 수준의 행복도 비교를 위해 ‘삶의 만족도’와 ‘대인신뢰(사회자본)’를 대리변수로 하여 국가별, 시기별, 지역별로 구분하여 비교 분석했고, 특히 해당 변수를 북유럽국가들의 수준과 비교함으로써 변수값 변화의 상대적 의미를 규명했다. 분석 결과, 체제전환국은 북유럽국가에 비해 70.5% 수준의 행복도를 보였고, 대인 신뢰 수준은 북유럽 국가들이 0.62 수준인데 비해 훨씬 낮은 0.2 정도로 나타났다. 특이점은 0.2 이하의 낮은 대인 신뢰 비율을 가진 국가에서도 행복도가 높게 관찰된 경우도 있었으나, 0.2를 상회하는 대인 신뢰 국가의 경우 행복지수는 크게 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적 기대와 달리 체제전환 이후 해당 국가들의 행복도는 오히려 하락했고, 그 주요 원인 중 하나가 대인 신뢰의 약화에 있음을 알 수 있었다.
This study explores qualitative changes such as 'happiness' in former socialist countries with an aim of overcoming the limitations of existing studies that focused on quantitative changes, such as economic growth. In order to compare national level happiness in those transitional countries, life satisfaction and social capital were mobilized as proxy variables constructed by the World Value Surveys. In particular, this study tries to investigate deep-meaning of the transition, that is, the changes in the value of the parameter by comparing the variable to the level of the Nordic countries. The analysis showed that the transition countries had a 70.5% level of happiness compared to the Nordic countries, while the interpersonal trust level was much lower than the 0.62 level in the Nordic countries. Noteworthy findings are a negative correlation between the two variables as there are high cases of happiness observed even in countries with low interpersonal trust ratios of less than 20 percent, but the happiness index has risen significantly in countries with interpersonal trust above 20 percent.2
The Effect of Health Facility Births on Newborn Mortality in Malawi
Get PDFWe examine the effect of health facility births on newborn mortality in Malawi using data from a unique survey of mothers in the Chimutu district, Malawi and data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015. The study exploits two instrumental variables to overcome endogeneity of health facility births—labor contraction time and interaction of distance to health facilities and rainfall at birth. The results show that health facility births significantly reduce 7-day and 28-day mortality rates. We find suggestive evidence that readily available medical resources are the potential mechanisms through which health facility births reduce newborn mortality
Determinants and impact of financial literacy on savings behaviours among households in Malawi
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020This paper empirically investigates the determinants of financial literacy and its impact on saving behaviors among Malawian households. The study uses data from the 2018 Malawi Financial Literacy and Consumer Protection Household Survey, commissioned by the Reserve Bank of Malawi in 2018. The empirical results show that location, gender, occupation, marital status, income level, financial education and ownership of bank account are statistically significant factors that influence the level of financial literacy in Malawi. Furthermore, the Probit regression results reveal a significant positive relationship between the level of financial literacy scores and household’s saving behavior. The findings of this research call for enhanced efforts on the part of relevant policymakers to increase financial literacy as that is expected to improve saving level in a given country. In a Malawian point of view, it is recommended that the Ministry of Finance should expedite the launching of the National Financial Literacy Strategy, which is still in a draft stage but will have to guide the implementation of financial education programs in the country.1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
3.0 DATA AND METHODOLOGY
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.0 CONCLUSION
6.0 REFERENCES
7.0 APPENDICESmasterpublishedAdrian Harry NAMAT
Korean Industrialization, Skill Demand, and Wage Premium
Get PDFThis paper aims to observe the evolution of skilled labor demand and relative wages during the rapid industrialization period. Although this historic episode has attracted the researchers’ attention, the evolution of skill demand and its impact on inequality remained as a black box. To provide first-hand evidence, I construct a 3-digit industry-level dataset that covers 1955-1980 from the Mining and Manufacturing survey. Then I measure skill demand and relative wages following the skill-biased technological change literature.
Analysis results show that Korea experiences drastic skill upgrading during its rapid industrialization. The nonproduction workers’ share in wage bill increased throughout the 25 years of 1955-1980. Relative demand rose much faster in industries that were initially less skill-intensive but accumulated capital through investment faster. This implies that there was a strong skill-capital complementarity.
Increasing skill demand and skill-capital complementarity are a force of increasing skill premium in wages and wage inequality. It was so until 1973. However, since then relative wages fell while skill demand kept rising. This is unique to the Korean experience, It also implies that the supply of skilled labor expanded even faster than the skill demand. Although it is possible to connect this to the heavy-chemical industrialization, falling skill premium and inequality was most driven by the “within” or common effect. Furthermore, emerging heavy-chemical industries had greater skill demand, therefore a positive effect on relative wage
Two Faces of Mega-Urban Region Formation in South Korea
No full textThis book discusses lessons and challenges of metropolitan circles development and urbanization in Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America and Africa. The book examines the effects of local governance systems, central-local relations, and administrative borders on metropolitan area development. It surveys economic, social and environmental issues, with an emphasis on how interconnectivity, circular economy, and climate issues should be integrated into megaregion development planning.
The chapters are selected papers from the international conference on metropolitan circles development and urbanization jointly held by the Institute of Public Policy (IPP) at the South China University of Technology and UNESCO in 2018. Contributors from the US, the UK, Japan, France, Singapore, Indonesia, Mexico, Tanzania present their questions, observations, and analyses in a narrative and descriptive style which appeal to a wide range of audience.About the Editors
Introduction (Hans d'Orville)
Governance Structure:
Thriving Tokyo and Declining Osaka: The Role of the Local Governance System (Yoshihisa Godo)
How Wide is the Hudson River? The Effect of the State Border on the New York–New Jersey Metropolitan Region (Brendan O'Flaherty)
Metropolitan Circles: Experience from the UK (Cliff Hague)
Planning Mega-Regions in China and India (Xuefei Ren)
Urban Economy and Sustainability:
Land Redevelopment and the Built Environment in Third-Wave Cities: Review and Synthesis (Allen J Scott)
Circular Economy and Metropolitan Circles in Europe — Case Study: Amsterdam (Mehri Madarshahi)
Current Conditions and Future Drivers of Mega-City Regions in the US, Focusing on the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area (Hilda Blanco)
Linking the European SUMP Method to Strasbourg and Paris Metropolitan Circle Scenarios (Cristiana Mazzoni and Andreea Grigorovschi)
Emerging Metropolitan Circles and Urbanization:
Two Faces of Mega-Urban Region Formation in South Korea (Yu-Min Joo)
The Growing Megapolis Jakarta: Urbanization, Cities-Integration, and Future Issues (Gumilar Rusliwa Somantri)
Mexico: Metropolitan Circles Development, Interactive Cities, and Future of Urbanization (Clemente Ruiz Durán)
Urbanization in Africa: Commonalities and Departures (Humphrey P B Moshi)
IndexTRU
Smallholders, Market Failures, and Agricultural Production: Evidence from India
No full textMarket completeness has important implications for household behavior. I firmly reject complete markets for smallholders but am unable to do so for non-smallholders. This leads to important differences in production behavior: smallholders reallocate labor across activities less in response to intra-seasonal crop price changes than do non-smallholders. A counterfactual exercise indicates smallholders could increase revenue by almost nine percent if they were to reallocate labor similarly to non-smallholders. The overall pattern of results is consistent with small-holders lacking sufficient wage employment opportunities. Since non-smallholders have to hire in for agricultural production, this lack of opportunities does not affect their decisions
Public Opinions on the Welfare Policies of the Moon Jae-in Government
No full text국민들은 문재인 정부가 추진하는 복지정책을 어떻게 인식하고 있는가? 이 연구에서는 성인 1,000명을 대상으로 2018년 12월에 진행한 설문조사를 통해 복지정책과 관련된 주요 현안에 대해서 응답자들이 어떠한 인식을 하는지, 어떠한 요인이 복지정책에 관한 인식과 관련을 맺는지를 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 응답자들은 정부의 적극적인 복지 제공 역할을 대체로 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 문재인 정부의 보건복지 주요 국정과제 중에서는 건강보험 보장성 강화에 대한 찬성 의견이 가장 높았다. 국민연금 재정문제 해법과 관련하여, 보험료 인상, 급여액 삭감, 수급개시 연령 상향조정 등의 개혁방안에는 반발이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 응답자들은 정부의 재정지원방식과 관련하여 효율성과 평등성을 모두 중시하였다. 응답자의 1/3 만이 정부의 국민 행복 증진 기여를 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 상이한 정치사회적 가치관과 경제적 이해관계에 따라 복지정책에 대한 인식에 차이가 발생하였다. 특히 정치성향과 주관적 계층의식이 복지정책에 대한 인식과 긴밀한 관련성을 맺었다. 분석결과에 기반하여 향후 복지정책의 추진방향에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.2