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estimating the well-being implications of work hour reduction
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Mangement, 2020In many OECD countries, governments have passed legislations that seek to reduce the regular hours of work per worker. This has been largely due to increasing evidence on the negative implications of long hours of work on the health, well-being, and productivity of workers. This study answers the question, does a mandatory reduction in the regular hours of work affect the well-being of workers? We exploit a mandatory stepwise reduction in the regular hours of work in Korea from 2004 to estimate the impact using a staggered difference-in-difference specification. We find that while the policy improved the workers’ life satisfaction, it had no significant effect on job satisfaction nor labor income. This impact stems from increases in satisfaction with work hours, family relations, and social relations. We further found that male, older (above 40 years), and low- and average-income workers benefited more from this policy than their counterparts.1 INTRODUCTION
2 RELATED LITERATURE
3 DATA AND METHODOLOGY
4 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCESmasterpublishedMark Sefa ABOAGY
Development of an Electronic Greenhouse Gas Emission Management Platform: Managerial Implications
Get PDFPurpose: The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), which enables structuring emission credits as a financial product, is taking a crucial position of global collaboration against climate change. Previous studies that have covered ETS subjects from the macro perspective contribute to facilitating legal enactment of this scheme. However, they have rarely addressed challenges aligned with issues arising from labor burdens for ETS works from the business perspective. Research Design, data and methodology: This study presents conceptual models that are expected to help design an electronic system. The study model contains four modules: emission allocation, data interface, reduction technology sharing, and emission trading. Two validation approaches, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and regression analysis, are applied in confirming the feasibility of the proposed model. Results: This study suggests an IT system methodology to help improvement of the current K-ETS mechanism. In particular, this study addresses effectiveness for real businesses and the adaptability of this mechanism to other nations. Conclusions: The proposed IT platform diagram can contribute to successful operation of ETS by providing multiple benefits to participating companies through in-house allocation mechanisms, the soft-landing of ETS adoption to participating companies through reduction of technology-sharing, group purchases, and transaction costs through the trading system.2
Energy Governance in South Korea: Long-Term National Energy Master Plans since 1997
Get PDFEnergy, as backbone of economic growth and public welfare, as well as contributor to enhancing or mitigating climate change, is one of the most pressing policy issues for many countries. Overall, national-level energy sector reforms in many countries have been modest without a long-term low-carbon policy framework or coherent set of policies (Gunningham, 2012).
It might be due to several characteristics of energy. Energy, as a ‘polycentric’ and ‘mega-issue,’ is inextricably interlinked, vertically and horizontally, with many other sectors and their actors, such as industry, trade, national security, transportation, environment, urban development, and finance (Lesage, Graaf, & Westphal, 2010; Ostrom, 2010). However, energy has been somewhat obscure area left to its own technical experts operating mostly within the conventional realm of energy security and supply (Gunningham, 2012). Governments tend to protect their citizens against energy price fluctuations in fossil fuels or keep energy prices low to earn domestic political support (Dansie, Lanteigne, & Overland, 2010; Goldthau & Sovacool, 2012). Another dimension of energy lies in its path dependency and inertia. Human life and socio-economic activity is so deeply embedded in and dependent on energy that the mutual feedback loop between individual choices and the energy system is reinforced (Goldthau & Sovacool, 2012). Power system, for example, show strong path dependencies of “carbon lock-in” due to the large investments perpetuating a mostly fossil fuel based system of electricity production and consumption (Goldthau & Sovacool, 2012). And alternative options, despite higher performance or lower costs, remain ‘locked-out’ due to vested interests (Markusson & Haszeldine, 2009). Thus, institutional legacies protect status quo (Goldthau & Sovacool, 2012). These challenging characteristics of energy make energy policymaking fragmented and inconsistent with very little coordination between most of relevant actors and make necessary energy reform at most modest.
Thus, a daunting but important question is which forms of energy governance (i.e., how to make energy policies with whom) will be more effective in formulating better sustainable energy policies, given expert-oriented and fragmented policy-making and the path dependence and inertia of the prevalent energy systems and their infrastructure, rooted in vested interests of socio-economic entities. Could diverse stakeholders collaborate effectively for sustainable energy policy-making, or necessary energy sector reform?
The next chapter discusses briefly two models that explain policy changes through collaboration or conflict: consensus-based regulatory negotiation, and conflict expansion. Then, this paper intends to analyze how governance for national energy policymaking in South Korea (hereafter Korea) has been evolved and to identify which model explains Korean energy governance better. Finally, this paper evaluates current energy governance in Korea and suggests how it should evolve again
Bank competition and transmission of monetary policy
No full textThis study investigates whether the transmission of monetary policy depends on the degree of competition in the banking sector. Applying an interacted panel VAR methodology consisting of a panel of 23 advanced economies, we find that GDP and credit respond less strongly to monetary policy shocks in economies where the bank market is more concentrated. We use the Lerner Index as a measure of banking competition and find evidence - albeit less clear - that monetary policy transmission is stronger when the banking sector is more competitive.1
The effects of national cultures on two technologically advanced countries: The case of e-leadership in South Korea and the United States
No full textThe increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has triggered enormous innovation in the public sector and created positive public value at the managerial, delivery of services, and policy levels. However, these positive outcomes do not automatically accrue simply by adoption of ICTs as public leaders can fail to adopt relevant new ICTs, use them poorly, or use them in ways that actually diminish public value, which raises the question of the importance of e-leadership. This article examines e-leadership and innovation capacity at the individual public manager level and fills in some gaps about the practice and implementation of ICTs in the public sector. We explore eight research questions useful in theorizing about e-leadership, develop constructs of e-leadership, and describe the current development of e-leadership. By comparing e-leadership in two country settings (South Korea and the United States), we also overcome the limitations of the existing Western-oriented studies about innovations in the public sector. In addition to the growth of e-leadership use and requirements for a variety of competencies equivalent to, but separate from, traditional communication competences, we find that national cultures exert significant influence on the major constructs of e-leadership, which implies that an effective e-leadership strategy should consider cultural contexts seriously.1
Are pictures worth a thousand words? The effect of information presentation type on citizen perceptions of government websites
No full textWith the increasing disclosure of public information and government data through information and communication technologies, along with the considerable privately generated data now available online, individuals have access to a huge volume of information. This "disintermediation" of (i.e., greater direct access to) public information may improve transparency and facilitate citizen engagement, but it may also overwhelm citizens not only with too much information but also by requiring them to take responsibility for gathering, assembling, and processing information. Despite the importance of effective information processing to successful use of available information, existing studies have not yet fully integrated this consideration into research on citizen use of egovernment and open government data. Based on information processing theory-according to which individuals have a finite information processing capacity, which is affected not only by the quantity and quality of information but also by one's preferences for how information is presented-this study examined the effects of information presentation type (infographic versus text) on perceived information overload, along with the consequent effect of information overload on perceived website usefulness. We also investigated whether individual information processing propensity (visual or verbal) moderated the effect of information presentation type on perceived information overload. Our results showed that textual information tended to cause greater information overload, especially for those with a propensity for visual information processing, and that higher information overload was associated with a lower perception of website usefulness. Moreover, individual information propensity moderated the effect of information type on perceived information overload; people with visual information processing propensity were more strongly affected by the presentation of textual information. We discuss the implications of our findings for improving the communication of policy information through government websites.1
The Impact of minimum wage policy on employment in Myanmar
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020The government of Myanmar introduced a minimum wage policy in 2015. The issue of Myanmar's minimum wage policy has been at the forefront among the general public, scholars, economists and the government because a recent economic transformation has taken place in Myanmar. There has been a growing interest in the potential for employment due to the minimum wage policy in Myanmar. Also, the impact of the national minimum wage policy implementation on female employment receives attentiveness to investigate as the women are traditionally discriminated against in terms of education and job opportunities in Myanmar. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of minimum wage policy in Myanmar and how the introduction of minimum wage setting has affected the employment of Myanmar's labor force. Additionally, this paper extends to explore the firm’s action in response to the government’s minimum wage policy whether installing supplementary machines to substitute labor resources. This paper applies a fixed effect estimation method by using the World Bank's enterprise panel data set surveyed from 2014 to 2016 in Myanmar. Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces not only full-time but also part-time employment. In contrast, the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. However, the adverse impacts pronounce more in female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and the enterprises located in the small populated regions. Manufacturing enterprises destroy full-time employment more than service enterprises do. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute labor after the minimum wage policy implementation, as a result, the full-time employment slightly decreases. Basically, Myanmar's first and foremost minimum wage policy implementation does not affect employment substantially. Thus, appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be undertaken regularly by the government and institutions related to the labor union to be a sound instrument for the government and the well-being of employees as well as employers. Whenever the government of Myanmar fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year, it should be a manageable wage for both the employer and the employee to prevent possible issues and losses that could result from the minimum wage being set.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Hypotheses Development
IV. Data and Methodology
V. Empirical Results and Discussion
VI. ConclusionmasterpublishedMin Thu KYA
Early child development and caregiver subjective well-being in rural China
No full textPurpose This study aims to bridge the gaps in the existing literature by studying the links between children's development and the subjective well-being of the caregivers using first-hand data collected in rural China. Design/methodology/approach Although the broad array of literature has examined the effects of child development on the subjective well-being of caregivers, the relationship between early childhood development and caregiver subjective well-being has not been well-studied using sample families with potential developmental delay in rural China. Also, existing research has relied on maternal reports to evaluate the developmental status of children. The study used data collected from 32 townships in seven nationally designated poverty counties in the Qinling mountainous area in 2016. The authors measure child development using the social-emotional module of the Ages & Stages Questionnaire and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition. Findings The authors find that child development indicators are correlated with caregiver subjective well-being. In particular, social-emotional skills are positively associated with life evaluations and positive emotion. However, we do not find any significant correlation between child development and negative emotion or depression, anxiety and stress scores. Originality/value The value of this study is to report the indicators of child development in rural China and examines the correlation between child development and caregivers' subjective well-being.1
정책의 배신 - 좌파 기득권 수호에 매몰된 대한민국 경제 사회 정책의 비밀
No full text머리말 기득권 수호에 매몰된 지금의 정책을 말하다
1부 대한민국을 병들게 한 6가지 정책
1장 최저임금 - 경제적 약자를 외면하다
최저임금, 무조건 오른다고 좋은 것은 아니다
어려운 사람을 더 어렵게 하는 최저임금 인상
모두를 위한 최저임금 정책이려면
최저임금과 일자리, 그 균형을 찾아서
최저임금 1만 원의 모순
누구는 받고, 누구는 받지 못하는 최저임금
이전투구장이 되어버린 최저임금위원회
이제는 틀을 깰 때
2장 주 52시간제 - 현실과 멀어진 장시간 근로 개선 정책
경제를 악화시킨 주범, 주 52시간제
20세기와 21세기 근로시간 단축의 차이
근로자에 따른 탄력적 정책이 필요할 때
근로시간이 줄어도 일자리는 늘지 않는다
근로시간, 1주가 아닌 1년을 보라
유연성이 필요한 이유
대한민국 근로시간 규제의 흐름과 문제점
벼랑 끝에 내몰린 중소기업
근로시간 규제, 이념이 아니라 미래를 봐야 한다
3장 비정규직 대책 - 정규직 전환이 좋은 일자리 창출이라는 환상
비정규직 제로, 근로자에게는 오히려 손해
노동시장의 이중구조란?
정규직과 비정규직 사이의 균형
모호해지는 정규직과 비정규직의 경계
고용보호법제의 내용과 한계
노동시장의 이중구조화가 심화된 이유
사회에는 비정규직이 필요하다
정규직과 비정규직, 어떻게 보호해야 할까
4장 국민연금 - 미래세대의 무거운 어깨
지금의 국민연금 정책은?
국민연금의 민낯
선진국 연금의 실패 사례를 배워서는 안 된다
고령화 흐름 속에서 더욱 절실해진 연금 개혁
국민연금은 왜 위기에 봉착했을까
소득대체율, 높이는 게 답일까?
정부는 무엇을 해결하고 있는가
노조가 연금 정책을 좌우하는 구조
지속가능한 국민연금을 향해
5장 정년 연장 - 청년도 중장년도 힘들다
소수를 위한 정년 연장
정년제도는 왜 존재하는가
임금피크제로 해결될 것인가
정년 연장이 청년 취업에 미치는 영향
연공급의 맹점
왜 연공급인가
형평성을 무너뜨린 연공급
고령자 고용 연장, 기피 원인부터 없애야
6장 신산업 정책 - 왜 환대받지 못하는가
뒤로 밀려난 신기술의 자리
기술혁신은 왜 불법이라고 홀대받나
신산업의 싹을 자른 택시제도 개편안
택시제도 개편안은 미래로부터의 후퇴
진정한 상생의 의미
방향을 잃은 산업 정책
상생을 위한 산업 정책이란
2부 재정?복지?분배, 시대를 읽어라
1장 재정 정책 - 청년에게 떠안긴 나라 빚
국가 재정에 들어온 적신호
큰 정부, 작은 정부의 공허한 대립
국가 재정 관리의 어려움
국채 비율은 어느 정도가 안전한가
대한민국 재정 정책의 흐름
우리나라의 재정은 지금 어떤 수준일까
미래세대를 희생시키는 일은 없어야 한다
2장 모방형 복지 - 선진국 따라쟁이 대한민국
후진국 콤플렉스, 무조건 따라하기
복지 지출 때문에 골머리 앓는 OECD 국가들
보편 복지, 모방이 아닌 핵심을 살려야 한다
기본 소득, 청년을 위하지 않은 청년 지원 정책
사전 분배와 재분배의 균형과 방향
3장 소득 불평등 대책 - 일자리 기회부터 넓혀라
소득 불평등 문제는 무엇인가
소득 불평등 문제, 평가는 제각각
고도성장기 소득분배 개선의 비밀
소득분배 악화의 요인
소득분배 개선, 아직 갈 길이 멀다
임금격차를 줄이면 소득 불평등이 완화될까
일자리가 복지이자 불평등 대책이다
불평등 심화를 막아라
소득 불평등 대책이 나아갈 길
맺음말 대한민국, 이제는 구조 개혁 요구에 응답할 때다
주
Trick or Treat? Equity Concerns in the Preliminary Feasibility Study of the Republic of Korea
Get PDFAs a project appraisal tool, the preliminary feasibility study (PFS) has contributed to enhancing the efficiency of public investment decision-making in the Republic of Korea over the last two decades. To overcome the limitations of the efficiency-oriented cost-benefit analysis, the PFS accommodates equity concerns among regions, namely balanced regional development (BRD) analysis. This study attempts to gauge the contributions of BRD analysis to PFS results. Specifically, it addresses how effectively policy efforts to promote decision-making have been implemented in the PFS stage while also considering the balance between equity and efficiency in terms of the trade-off between them, the degree to which they influence the results, and whether the consideration of equity is in fact actually reflected in seriously underdeveloped regions as intended. The study finds that the PFS results over the last two decades have been largely in line with the background and policy objectives. Based on the findings of the study, needs for institutional improvement are suggested, including enhancements in the analysis of regional economic ripple effects and taking into account the psychological factors pertaining to the evaluators in the overall judgment