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Racism is not enough: Minority coalition building in San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver
No full textScholars have long argued that the marginalized racial status shared by ethnic minority groups is a strong incentive for mobilization and coalition building in the United States. However, despite their members' shared racial status as “Orientals,” different types of housing coalitions were formed in the Chinatowns of San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver during the 1960s and 1970s. Asian race-based coalitions appeared in San Francisco and Seattle, but not in Vancouver, where a cross-racial coalition was built between the Chinese and southern and eastern Europeans. Drawing on exogenous shocks and process tracing, this article explains how historical legacies-specifically, the political geography of settlement-shaped this divergence. These findings demonstrate how long-term historical analysis offers new insights into the study of minority coalition formation in the United States.1
Budgetary Punctuations: A Fiscal Management Perspective
No full textAlthough the development of punctuated equilibrium theory makes broad reference to the bureaucratic procedures that regulate budgetary decision making and makes reasonable assumptions about the influence of those procedures on the dynamic of resource allocation, little is known about how the specific mechanisms work. This has led to a call to understand the processes that cause friction in greater detail. This study examines how budgetary output patterns may be influenced by governments' strategic fiscal choices. Using an approach that highlights the roles of various fiscal policy-making processes, we found significant deviations of budgetary output patterns in capital projects, restricted funds, and entitlement spending, thus signifying the influence of fiscal practices on resource allocation decisions. We further examined how fiscal influences may be realized in the political process of democratization in Hong Kong. By examining legislative filibuster cases related to capital projects, we found evidence associating democratization with greater institutional friction and consequently with larger budgetary output punctuations.1
Political Connections, Productivity and Firm Sales
No full textWe explore the significance of political connections vs. productivity for firms’ domestic sales and export performance in developing countries, using the data from the listed firms in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets. We estimate firms’ total factor productivity and manually build a detailed dataset on firm’s political connections using public information released by firms. We find that more productive firms have larger sales in both domestic and international markets, but the effect of political connections differ. Political connections matter in a positive way for domestic sales, and employing a current member of a political body in China is more significant for domestic sales than employing a former government official. However, political connections are not significant for firm’s export sales
Do Patents Lead to an Increase in Firm Value? Evidence from Korea
No full textPatents are widely used in the literature as a measure of firm-level innovation. It is regarded that patents improve a firm’s operational environment and ultimately increase the value of the firm. However, the relationship between patents and firm value in Korea is under-explored in the literature due to the difficulty of constructing datasets. This paper examines whether patents in Korea increase the market value of a firm. To do this, I exploit novel data on firm-level patents and financial information of all listed Korean companies during the period of 1993-2015 and estimate the non-linear production-function type of Tobin’s q equations on R&D, patents, and citations. Surprisingly, I find that patents and citations are weakly associated with firm value, while R&D is strongly associated with an increase in firm value. These results direct imply that policymakers in Korea should enhance patenting incentives to encourage firms to innovate
Exporting new city developments? From new towns to smart cities
No full text1. Introduction: Reconsidering the Korean Urban Development Experience for International Cooperation (Se Hoon Park, Hyun Bang Shin, and Hyun Soo Kang)
Part I: Outlining the Urban Transformation of Korea
2. Transformations in the Governance of Urban and Regional Planning in Korea: From (Neo-)Developmentalism to Civic Democracy, 1965–2020 (Mike Douglass)
3. Korea’s Regional Development Policy: Understanding Its Context and Drawing Implications for International Development Cooperation (Won Bae Kim)
4. Urban Transformation with ‘Korean Style’: Lessons from Property-based Urban Development (Hyun Bang Shin)
5. From Commodities to Community Engagement: Localities and Urban Development in Seoul, Korea (Blaž Križnik and Su Kim)
Part II: Modeling the Korean Urban Development Experience
6. Export Urbanism: Asian Emerging Donors and the Politics of Urban Development Knowledge Sharing (Jamie Doucette and Farwa Sial)
7. A Multitude of Models: Transferring Knowledge of the Korean Development Experience (Cuz Potter and Jinhee Park)
8. International Urban Development Leadership: Singapore, China and South Korea Compared (Hyung Min Kim, Julie Miao, and Nicholas Phelps)
Part III: Policies and Institutions of the Korean Urban Development
9. Exporting New City Developments? From New Towns to Smart Cities (Yu Min Joo)
10. Housing Policy and Urban Redevelopment in Contemporary Korea (Seong Kyu Ha)
11. Land Development Schemes in South Korea: Background, Structure and Outcome (Seowhan Lim)
12. Knowledge-Policy Nexus: Policy Research Institutes and the Urban Development Regime in Korea (Se Hoon Park)
13. Engines for Development: Public Development Corporations and Their Role in Urban Development in Korea (Jieun Kim)TRU
a case of people with disabilities in El Salvador
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Management,2020.Disability is a complex phenomenon. It reflects the interaction between the features of a person’s body and the features of the society in which he or she lives. Therefore, overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires the participation of different actors and interventions to remove environmental and social barriers (World Health Organization, WHO, 2018). Said interventions tend to vary from one society to another, generally influenced by public policies, education and awareness.
In the case of El Salvador, the attention and priority given to people with disabilities and their needs has been limited. There have been some improvements, particularly in the employment field with the implementation of the Law of Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities, the National Policy of Integral Attention for People with Disabilities and the ratification of international conventions; however, is been a challenge to guarantee the application and enforcement of these instruments and this has impacted negatively the available employment opportunities and financial independence of this sector of the population.
Other structural conditions of the country have also favored the existence of a wide array of barriers that have produced an increasing gap between people with and without disabilities and in many cases have perpetuated poverty. This gap needs to be addressed by different sectors of society since the barriers are imposed and reproduced by multiple actors and affect every aspects of a person’s life.
Currently there are some initiatives among companies that have benefited people with disabilities. These initiatives are mainly recognized as Corporate Social Responsibility. The initiatives commonly vary from creation of job banks and job fairs to the training of people with disabilities in multiple areas, however, the network of inclusive companies and job offers are still limited due to the soft application of laws and sanctions, lack of awareness and particularly, due to psychological barriers imposed by society. It is important to recognize that, even when these initiatives have been beneficial to people with disabilities and also are a good starting point towards inclusion, these should not be regarded as charity since access to equal employment, education, training and other rights are a responsibility that has to be fulfilled and not just a mere act of good will.
It is undeniable that the Salvadoran government and its institutions still have a lot of work to do when it comes to inclusion and enforcing the Law of Equal Opportunities. Is also undeniable that there is an urgent need of opening more spaces and creating more opportunities particularly in the employment field since it is through employment that people can achieve a better quality of life, financial independence and decision-making power. In this context, an initiative that could be well received in El Salvador and that could generate a positive impact in the topic of inclusion and employment for people with disabilities is Social Business. This is a recent trend that is on the rise and is also an innovative alternative that proposes a sustainable way of addressing social and environmental issues that have not been solved or covered by the government.
Fortunately, El Salvador already counts with a network of professionals and groups of people with long experience in this field. There is also a network of trainees with a certain type of disability that are ready to take up on jobs and are just waiting for a job opening. These conditions represent an opportunity for Social Businesses that aim to increase and promote inclusion and start breaking gaps among the different sectors of the Salvadoran society. These businesses are also supported by successful stories in other countries such as the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Spain. These initiatives demonstrate that the positive impact is not only perceived by the direct beneficiaries but by the whole society since they create an added value and tackle issues that societies have struggled to solve for long periods of time.
The following questions have been selected for this document: What are the conditions that exist nowadays in El Salvador in regard to disability?
What are the main barriers and challenges that are faced by people with disabilities in El Salvador
when it comes to employment opportunities?
What are some of the initiatives that are being implemented by businesses in order to contribute to solving issues in El Salvador?
What are the areas of opportunity that can be used to promote inclusion and generate employment for people with disabilities in El Salvador?
Are there any international examples that can be replicated in El Salvador?
The ultimate and expected goal of this study is understanding the existing barriers for people with disabilities in El Salvador and identifying successful social businesses endeavors that can be replicated in the country as well as detecting opportunity areas that can be used to create sustainable jobs and promote inclusion in the country.1. Disability in El Salvado
2. Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Businesses
3. Social Business as a pathway to Job Creation for people with disabilities in El Salvadormaste
Smart Cities in Asia: Governing Development in the Era of Hyper-Connectivity
No full textAt a time when Asia is rapidly growing in global influence, this much-needed and insightful book bridges two major current policy topics in order to offer a unique study of the latest smart city archetypes emerging throughout Asia. Highlighting the smart city aspirations of Asian countries and their role in Asian governments’ new development strategies, this book draws out timely narratives and insights from a uniquely Asian context and policymaking space.
Each carefully curated chapter studies a national or local government-led smart city project and how it specifically relates to local institutions, political dynamics and development challenges in a region that is rapidly urbanising and growing economically. Collectively, these pressing contributions offer a comparative look at the policies and practices of smart cities, seen through the lens of local scholars and experts.
Thoughtful and engaging, this book will prove valuable reading for students and scholars of public policy and Asian studies, as well as those with a specific interest in urban studies and planning, and science and technology policy. Policymakers and practitioners will also benefit from the rich information and up-to-date analysis on offer.1 Smart cities in Asia: an introduction
SMART CITIES OF THE FOUR ASIAN TIGERS AND JAPAN
2 The Smart Nation: unpacking Singapore’s latest mega-digitalisation push
3 Smart-city vision and strategy in Hong Kong
4 Smart Taipei City: understanding policy motivations, approaches and implementation
5 The evolution of smart city in South Korea: the smart city winter and the city-as-a-platform
6 Facilitating innovation for smart cities: the role of public policies in the case of Japan
SMART CITY INITIATIVES OF TWO ASIAN GIANTS
7 The smart city policy of India and its governance implications
8 Smart cities in China: development background, policy measures and implementations
SECOND-TIER CITIES AND SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT
9 Bureaucratic readiness for smart city initiatives: a mini study in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
10 The smart city as a complex adaptive system: the ebbs and flows of humans and materials
11 ‘Green’ and ‘smart’ in South Korea: conceptions from the state to the citize
A study on the revitalization of urban water reuse through MFA (material flow analysis)
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Mangement,2020.Various urban problems are occurring due to urban development caused by rapid urbanization. To solve these urban problems, Europe recently attempted to analyze urban problems through MFA (material flow analysis) from the perspective of urban metaphysical view of cities as living organisms.
In this study, the MFA analysis on the material circulation (water focus) of the city resulted in the conclusion that the re-use of rainwater should be increased by comparing the apartment complexes in the east side of Stadionbuurt in the Netherlands and Songsan Green City in korea. However, to increase the utilization rate of rainwater, institutional and non-institutional support will be needed, such as in the Netherlands.1. Introduction
2. literature riveiw
3. Target area intriduction
4. Metholody
5. The result of MFA
6. Suggestions & LimitationsmasterpublishedTae Guen, KIM
Government communication and public acceptance of policies in South Korea
No full textThis study examines the structural relationships between government communication and public acceptance through the mediation of components of actionable core drivers of public trust (responsiveness, reliability, integrity, openness, and fairness) and public trust, using data collected from a survey with 3,000 Korean nationals in South Korea. The results of SEM indicate that the proposed research model explains the data appropriately. When the public perceives the government communication more positive, they perceive the government as responsive, reliable, integritous, open, and fair. Further, public’s positive assessment of these five components of actionable core drivers of public trust lead the public to trust the government more. Higher level of public trust means higher level of public acceptance. The results suggest that the public may accept certain government policies through complex cognitive processes from their perception of government communication that affects their trust on the government rather than just from their preference or rational choice on policies.1