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data envelopment analysis
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020This paper analyzes the efficiency of internet-only banks in South Korea during the period starting from 2017 to 2019. To use the data envelopment analysis, we examine the efficiency rate of Korea’s banking industry. The data envelopment analysis(DEA) was generally used to apply to measure the efficiency of banks. From the perspective taken, variables alter to inputs and outputs. Herein the operating and intermediation approaches were applied. Analysis on two internet-only banks in Korea, the results indicate that Kakao bank efficiencies tend to increase. However, the K-bank’s efficiencies were goes down as time goes by. Considering this situation, the role of government is gaining importance in promoting innovation enabled by new technologies.Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Literature review
Chapter 3 Research Method and Data
Chapter 4 Results
Chapter 5 ConclusionmasterpublishedSeo-Jin LE
Curbing the Burn: Indonesia’s Collective Action Against Forest and Peatland Fires, 2015 – 2019
No full textIndonesia, a tropical country home to some of the world’s largest rainforests and peatlands, has long had a major forest fire problem. Fires occurred every year, and in 2015 forest and peatland fires scorched 2.6 million hectares of the archipelago, producing a toxic haze that blanketed the neighboring countries of Singapore and Malaysia. Thousands fell ill, and Indonesia suffered US$16 billion in economic losses.
The disaster put the perpetrators of the fires—the forestry industry, palm oil industry, paper and pulp companies, and agricultural communities—in the spotlight. These actors used illegal fires to clear forests and peatland for commercial purposes, and did so with impunity. Forestry law enforcement was weak and the state agencies for fire prevention and suppression were not well coordinated. Communities residing in the vicinity of forests had low awareness of forest sustainability, making the situation worse. Although the government tried various policies to curb the recurrent fire problem, efforts proved futile.
After the 2015 fires—the worst in a decade—the government took a new approach. Indonesia’s president, Joko Widodo, called on all actors affected by forest fires to work collectively. This government-led collective action included several state agencies, private companies, and communities at the village level, and distributed certain roles and responsibilities among the various parties. The government focused on strengthening law enforcement, suppressing forest fires, and restoring degraded peatland. Meanwhile, the private sector worked toward sustainable forestry industry practices, and local communities played a significant role in preventing and monitoring fire occurrences.
Following the introduction of the new approach, there was a 93.6 percent reduction in hotspots (an indication of fire incidents) from 2015 to 2019. In addition, 700,000 hectares of peatland was restored and Indonesia reported a 60 percent drop on average in primary forest loss from January 2016 to June 2019
the volume based waste fee system in Korea
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020The Volume Based Waste Fee (VBWF) system aims to reduce household solid waste and encourage voluntary recycling by giving a price incentive to households. In this paper, I conduct a fixed-effect analysis to estimate the price incentive effect of the VBWF system on household waste generation. By analysing a 12-year panel data set, the results show that for a 1% increase in the average price of standard waste bags, household solid waste decreases by 0.162%. However, the estimates on recycling and illegal waste disposal do not present statistically significant results. Moreover, after dividing the samples into sub-groups, the results indicate that the price elasticity of collecting household solid waste is higher in less urbanised and rural areas than urban areas. It suggests that local governments should exploit different policy strategies depending on regional characteristics.1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Literature Review
4. Data and Descriptive Statistics
5. Methodology
6. Results
7. Discussion and Conclusion
8. ReferencemasterpublishedAerim KAN
MaaS(Mobility as a Service) platform application plan
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020Smart mobility is the most important part to build a smart city. This is because the city's population growth continues to intensify traffic congestion, and traffic infrastructure such as roads occupies large parts of the cities, making it difficult to realize a citizen-centric city.
This capstone project aims to study a plan to apply the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Platform in Korea's smart mobility policies. First, to understand the status quo, Sejong's MaaS application plan was reviewed among domestic smart mobility policies. Second, in the literature review part, technical terms such as Smart Mobility, MaaS, innovation ecosystem, and data economy were defined, and domestic policy measures were suggested through the analysis of MaaS application cases in Finland and Singapore.
Compared to other countries, Korea is well-equipped with ICT infrastructure, and people adapt quickly to new technologies, making it suitable for applying Smart Mobility services. However, without a deep understanding of the domestic situation, it is not easy to apply the overseas MaaS model directly to Korea. To provide a sustainable Smart Mobility service, it is necessary to define a smart mobility strategy in Korea, build a mobility ecosystem, and increase data utilization to build a Korean-style MaaS platform model.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Governmental Policies on Smart Mobility
4. Policy RecommendationsOutstandingmasterpublishedSumi SO
Developing Modernization Indicators for the People’s Republic of China : Key Considerations and a Proposed Framework
Get PDFThis paper proposes an indicator to assess the progress being made in the modernization journey of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In doing so, it fills a gap. The paper applies the modernization indicator—structured on thematic categories, subcategories, and intersections—to the PRC, whose performance is compared with Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development and G20 countries. The PRC’s best score was for the functioning and efficiency of markets and the worst for inclusiveness. Here, it led a global trend for a weak performance on this measure of modernization. The paper examines four major policy implications from the modernization challenges facing the PRC: (i) economic governance reform to secure inclusive and sustained growth, which enhance social cohesion and stability; (ii) the governance building that will be needed to achieve the complex task of modernization; (iii) public sector reform should be guided by widely accepted values, such as transparency, accountability, efficiency, and providing high-quality public services; and (iv) the state, market, and civil society are all important stakeholders and players in the PRC’s modernization process; furthermore, finding an effective division of labor and creating synergy among stakeholders will make PRC’s modernization more successful and durable.TABLES AND FIGURES
AKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. DEVELOPING MODERNIZATION INDICATORS: UNDERLYING FRAMEWORKS
A. Conceptual Framework
B. Operational Framework
III. MODERNIZATION INDICATORS FOR THE PRC
A. Structuring Modernization Indicators
B. Modernization Indicators and Capital
C. Analysis Results: PRC Trends versus Global Trends
D. The PRC’s Modernization Indicator Performance versus Republic of Korea and Japan
E. The PRC’s Modernization Process: Assessment and Future Scenarios
IV. REPUBLIC OF KOREA’S MODERNIZATION EXPERIENCE
V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX: DATA USED IN THE RESEARC
The Role of Village Leaders and the Allocation of Government Grants on the South Korean Rural Development
Get PDFThis report contains two chapters. The first chapter, “The role of village leaders on the production of public goods: Evidence from South Korea,” considers the role of village leaders in the Korean rural development in the early 1970s. Under the New Village Movement (Saemaul Undong), the role of village leaders was considered as one of the most important factors for the success of the Movement. However, there has been few empirical research documenting the relationship between the leaders and their roles on the improvement of village through the Movement. Using novel data on the village leaders and Saemaul classifications, we show that villages with village leaders who had relatively better educational attainment tend to improve their village public goods in two years. High human capital of both male and female village leaders mattered for the improvement of public goods. The second chapter, “The Allocation of Government Grants in the Community Development Program,” shows that the government resource allocation in the 1970s was not matched with outcomes of Saemaul projects. Despite government documents and anecdotal evidences from Saemaul practitioners that the government selectively provided grants only to the better-performing villages in Saemaul projects, we find that there is no empirical evidence that verifies the performance-based support system
The Effect of Information Type (Inforgraphic vs. Text) on an E- Government Site on User’s Attitudes and Responses to the Site: Moderating Roles of User Information Processing Tendency (Visual vs.Verbal) and Information Literacy
Get PDFChanges in Anthropometric Measures of Wellbeing in Korea from 1945 to 1977: Evidence from Korean Military Records
Get PDFAlthough it is widely acknowledged that the rapid economic growth in South Korea during the second half of the twentieth century improved the standards of living of the population, it is not fully understood how the living conditions in South Korea changed over time, and what are the major factors that produced the changes. Research on these issues is often seriously limited by shortage of appropriate data, especially for the period between 1945 and 1960. The present study attempts to overcome the limitations of currently available data on standards of living by analyzing a newly collected sample of Korean military records. Using these sources, we have investigated how biological indices of standards of living, such as height, weight, and body-mass-index (BMI) changed across birth cohorts born between 1946 and 1957. We also examined how changes in anthropometric measures differed by province of residence, father’s occupation, and own education.
The mean height of 20-year-old males in South Korea slightly declined from the 1946 birth cohort to those born in 1951, before it rapidly increased across cohorts. As for the average weight, a sharp decline and recovery of weights around the first two years of the Korean War (1950 and 1951) is observed. These results suggest that the Korean War likely affected significantly the anthropometric measures of the birth cohorts who experienced the war in utero or in early childhood.
There were considerably large variations across provinces in the patterns of changes in anthropometric measures as well as the levels of the measures. Generally speaking, men who resided in Seoul and other metropolitan cities (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Ulsan) are taller than those from non-metropolitan provinces. In contrast, men from the majority of non-metropolitan provinces are significantly shorter than those from Seoul. In sharp contrast to the results for height, urban disadvantages in weight are observed.
The results of regression analyses show that the observed provincial differences in anthropometric measures do not disappear even if father’s occupation and own education are controlled. Consistent with the urban advantages found in provincial differences in height, the children of farmers turned out to be shorter that the offspring of non-farmers.
Own education is positively associated with height and weight. These results suggest that the observed regional differences in the level and trend of biological standard of living in South Korea prior to the mid-1970s were probably produced by provincial differences in socioeconomic and environmental characteristics.
It will be the next step of this research project to explore what are the major factors that produced the secular changes and regional differences in biological standards of living in South Korea prior to the 1970s. We are currently in the process of collecting and inputting county-level variables that are believed to be associated with net nutritional status of the population, including agricultural production, urbanization, and industrialization. We plan to conduct additional analyses by adding these factors on local environments to the variables on personal characteristics utilized in this study. We anticipate that the results of these further analyses will allow us to determine what socioeconomic changes or policy measures were the major contributors to the improvements of wellbeing of the Korean people
Foreign Assistance and Economic Development in Korea
Get PDFA large scale of foreign assistance or aid has been provided from developed to developing countries throughout the second-half of the 20th century. However, only a few countries out of beneficiaries succeeded in economic development. This has provoked a controversy over on the effectiveness of foreign assistance. Many researchers have argued that such assistance is useless, and some emphasized the significance of government’s accountability in maximizing its effectiveness (Collier 2007; Easterly 2006; Moyo 2009; Burnside and Dollar 2000, 2004). The issue is still under debate. Examining the historical experience and lessons of successful counties like Korea would be useful to learn how to improve the effectiveness of foreign assistance.
Korea is one of the countries which received a lot of foreign assistance and achieved a rapid economic growth in short period. Korean War in 1950-53 devastated people’s life and infrastructure across the country. After the War, no one believed that Korea would become one of most industrialized and developed countries after 60 years. Therefore, Korean experience has been called as “Miracle on the Han River”.
However, previous studies on the role of foreign aids in Korean economic development is not always favorable. Some argue that foreign aids in the 1950s and 1960s distorted economic structure in Korea and delayed economic independence (Hong 1962; Yi 1987). Some pointed out that the distribution of foreign aids was not effective (Krueger 1977; Cho 1996; Kim 1999). Nevertheless, those studies do not provide enough empirical evidence to conclude the effectiveness of foreign aids in Korea.
The study aims to provide more reliable empirical evidence by looking into historical micro data on foreign aids, which have been rarely used in previous studies. In particular, this study plans to examine the role of foreign aids in industrialization in Korea. After the Korea War, US foreign assistance agencies---FOA (Foreign Operations Administration) and ICA (International Cooperation Administration)---provided aids to rebuild Korean economy. FOA/ICA aids are divided into two types: project and non-project assistance. Project aids were intended to improve social infrastructure such as sanitation, education and transportation. Non-project aids were more related to industrialization because various kinds of economic resources, including fuel, industrial raw material and machinery, was distributed among Korean industries and firms in the late 1950s and 1960s. Therefore, it is necessary to study how non-project assistance affected Korean economic development for better understanding the effectiveness of foreign aids not only in Korean perspective, but also in the general aspect of development economics.
The specific questions that this study tries to answer are as follows:
[1] Was the allocation of foreign aid in the 1950s competitive, fair, and efficient?
[2] How much did the foreign aid in the 1950s contribute to firms’ survival and performance in later years?
In the purpose of our study, it is key to have detailed information on Korean firms which received the benefit of foreign aids. Fortunately, such information was recorded in some government reports issued or received by US FOA/ICA: 1) Small Business Circular, 2) Weekly Report of Sub-authorizations, 3) Daily report on Allocation of ICA Funds.
We found that those reports are available in US NARA (National Archives and Records Administration), University of Washington Library. Our research team has collected the information on those historical records with the support of KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Especially, our research team visited NARA twice, took photos of about 6,000 pages in the records, and digitized them. In addition to the micro-level data, we also collected some historical statistics on foreign aids from yearbooks of the Bank of Korea and the Korea International Trade Association and Korean business directories with firm information.
In particular, we used Daily Report, which contains bidding results at the firm-level, as an important data source. I matched Daily Report with several Korean-language business directories that contain information on firm characteristics. The analysis revealed that the allocation of the major part of aid funds was more competitive and fair than what was depicted by previous research. The rule of bidding was actually implemented, which greatly reduced the room for discretionary intervention by the government or collusion among firms. The fact that larger firms were allocated more rent does not need to be interpreted as indicative of allocative inefficiency, although a more rigorous analysis is needed in order to be able to speak of the efficiency of aid with confidence.
Our analysis also found out that firms that earned more rent, or in other words, a larger amount of financial benefit from the allocation of aid had a larger firm size in the early 1970s even when controlling for firm size in the late 1950s. This relationship persisted even in regression analyses using alternative variables. Such a result indicates that aid had a positive impact on the growth of Korean firms. Although the size of rent was found to have no significant effect on the firms’ rate or return, this is likely because the rate of return of a firm at a certain point of time is affected primarily by the specific characteristics of the business category or market situation rather than by its actual business competence
국제개발협력 추진체계에 관한 연구: 분석틀과 개편방안
No full text제1장 국제개발협력 추진체계에 관한 연구: 분석틀과 개편방안 (임원혁)
제1절 서론
제2절 국제개발협력 추진체계 관련 분석틀
제3절 한국의 국제개발협력 추진체계
참고문헌
제2장 일본 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례 (주민재)
제1절 국가 개관
제2절 개발협력 정책 패러다임 및 운영방식
제3절 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례
제4절 결론
참고문헌
제3장 독일 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례 (최정애)
제1절 국가 개관
제2절 개발협력 정책 패러다임 및 운영방식
제3절 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례
제4절 결론
참고문헌
제4장 캐나다 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례 (이규찬)
제1절 국가 개관
제2절 개발협력 정책 패러다임 및 운영방식
제3절 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례
제4절 결론
참고문헌
부 록
제5장 호주 국제개발협력 추진체계 개편사례 (김윤정)
제1절 국가 개관
제2절 개발협력 정책 패러다임 및 운영방식
제3절 국제개발협력 추진체계
제4절 결론
참고문헌
부 록TRU