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Effects of Small Business Support Projects: Evidence from Korea
No full textOn average, small business support projects appear to improve beneficiary sales, and the growth effect is obvious when supporting young or growing firms. However, the effect is largely offset by sales reductions due to overcrowding. Small business support projects must be operated in two ways to alleviate the overcrowding of businesses in a few industries and to enhance the overall effectiveness of the support programs
Daejeon smart city operation center, 2010-2017
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2020"Help me! Save me! Please!” Imagine that you witness an urgent situation and call 119, the emergency call number in the Republic of Korea (hereafter “Korea”). What if the emergency services team arrived on-site within six minutes, already recognized the situation and immediately began taking action?
Daejeon, Korea’s fifth-largest city, successfully improved the quality and efficiency of its urban public services with a smart solution. Daejeon was the first city in Korea to integrate Information and Communications Technology (hereafter “ICT”) infrastructure such as municipal networks and Closed-Circuit Televisions (hereafter “CCTV”) at the metropolitan level. By 2013, Daejeon opened the Daejeon Smart City Operation Center, persuading relevant agencies on the need for equity in urban services and sustainably operating ICT devices. The relevant institutes combined their budgets and 10 departments with similar responsibilities from different organizations joined the center. Soon after, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (hereafter “MOLIT”) selected Daejeon as its research and development pilot smart city in 2014. The Daejeon local government and the national government worked together to introduce and customize the integration platform that connected five safety services for citizens. This collaborative work filled the gap of local government’s lack of authority or financial capacity to accomplish its smart city goals with technical, financial, and institutional support from the national government.
From 2015 to 2017, the average response time for 119 emergencies in Daejeon decreased from about seven and a half minutes to less than six minutes. The city’s crime decreased by about 5% and the arrest rate increased by about 7.7% over the same period. As of 2019, 49 local governments in Korea had adopted Daejeon’s “smart city” model.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Delivery Challenges
IV. Tracing the Implementation Process
V. Lessons LearnedOutstandingmasterpublishedHyelim KIM
A Study on the predictors for O&M cost estimation of K-water's overseas hydropower projects (focused on the E&M equipment)
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Mangement,2020The purpose of the research is to improve the methodologies for setting water losses targets applicable to local water supplies in South Korea. Recently, South Korea has been suffering serious water scarcity due to frequent droughts caused by climate change. Accordingly, Non-revenue water (NRW) reduction projects, given the uniform goals of NRW ratio either 15% or 20%, have been introduced as a countermeasure. The currently uniform water losses target does not take into account the different water supply conditions of local municipalities and should be revised with a proper rationale to determine the optimal water losses level.
Through the literature review, the standardized methodologies for economic leakage target widely used in international countries and new approaches of South Korea were reviewed. MCW method, which is regarded as an applicable approach considering domestic conditions and an alternative of cumulative method are considered for the application. While MCW method revealed limitations as a result of the case study, the alternative method was able to calculate the economic leakage standard. MCW method was especially sensitive to data quality, and it was found that a clear relationship between the leakage level and the cost is not feasible considering domestic data characteristics. In addition, the effect of natural rate of rise of leakage and separation of effective NRW expenditure from total costs were identified as significant factors in calculating the leakage target. On the other hand, the cumulative method shows a more robust correlation than MCW, yielding the economic leakage target.
Through the case study, the cumulative method is demonstrated to be more suitable than the MCW method. And consideration of natural rate of rise of leakages and the social and environmental cost and benefits are proven to be significant elements of leakage calculations. In particular, it was confirmed that further research was required to estimate the natural rate of rise of leakage accurately, as the water losses target can be substantially lower. Besides, due to the effect of the previously established multi-area waterworks system in South Korea, it is likely to result in the less marginal cost of water. If the social and environmental aspects are taken into consideration, the high water losses level will lower and eventually contribute to efficient water management. Lastly, two cases of a short-term and long-term perspective have been considered, but further research is recommended to establish multiple water losses targets varying with time changes.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Case Study
4. Implications
5. ConclusionOutstandingmasterpublishedSeong Soon PARK
Teachers’ Monitoring and Schools’ Performance: Evidence from Public Schools in Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper evaluates the impact of an innovative monitoring system on teacher attendance and school performance in Pakistan. In 2014, the government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province introduced the Independent Monitoring Project aiming at increasing teacher attendance in primary and secondary public schools by distributing to the government-hired monitors smart phones with a special data collection software installed. Our analysis is based on a difference-in-differences approach using the country wide Annual Status of Education Report from 2012 to 2016. Our findings suggest that monitoring of government schools has increased teacher attendance by 7.5 percentage points in the first year of intervention. But the positive effect wears off to 2.7 percentage points in the second year. Child attendance and test scores also increased in the first year, but in the second year they disappeared. Especially, in the first year, the monitoring system improved students’ math, reading, and English test scores by 0.13, 0.14, and 0.15 standard deviation, respectively, if they are grades 1-5. This result suggests that teacher attendance has an important role in delivering better student outcomes, but that monitoring should be coupled with appropriate incentive mechanism in order to have a lasting impact
Investigating Factors that Affect Job Satisfaction and Performance in the Public Sector
No full textPurpose: The public sectors including government and public organizations have put an efforts to improve the quality of people’s lives by providing enhanced services. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect job attitude, job satisfaction, and job performance in the public sector, that are rarely examined by previous studies. Research Design, data, and methodology: The following research questions have been proposed: i) how do payroll system, personnel management system, cooperative working environment, and self-efficacy affect job attitude?; and ii) how does job attitude affect job satisfaction and performance? This paper used a survey through an online platform and collected data randomly from five classified public institutions. This study applied regression analysis and ANOVA. Results: This study found that cooperative working environment and self-efficacy had significant impacts on job attitude, while payroll system and personnel management system did not affect job attitude. Overall job attitude affected both job satisfaction and performance. Conclusions: The results provide policy implications to the public sector which factors should be considered to improve job attitude, job satisfaction, and job performance. The results also provide managerial implications how such efforts ultimately improve service quality to the citizens.2
Housing demand elasticities in Korean cities: variations over time and across location
No full text본 연구는 우리나라 주택수요의 소득탄력성 및 가격탄력성의 시기별, 지역별 변화를 분석하고 시사점을 고찰한다. ‘주거실태조사’자료를 사용하여 글로벌 금융위기 전후인 2006년과 2016년 수도권과 비수도권 주택수요함수를 추정하였다. 각 주택에 대해 임대료와 주택가격을 별도로 추정하고, 이를 토대로 자가보유와 임차의 상대가격을 계산하였으며, 항상소득을 추정하여 주택수요함수 추정에 사용하였다. 또한 Heckman의 2단계 추정방식을 통하여 소비자의 자가·임차의 선택에 따라 발생할 수 있는 표본선택 편의를 제어하였다. 실증분석 결과 소득탄력성 추정치는 2006년과 2016년에 비슷한 수준이었지만, 지역별로는 수도권(서울·인천)의 탄력성이 비수도권(나머지 광역시)에 비하여 다소 높게 나타났다. 반면 가격탄력성 수치는 (절댓값 기준으로) 2006년에 비해 2016년에 가 더 컸으며 지역별로는 수도권이 비수도권보다 다소 작았다.
This study aims to investigate whether and how housing demand elasticities vary across time and location, and to explain why such variance may exist. For this purpose, we estimate the housing demand elasticities for seven major cities in Korea for 2006 and 2016, using the Korean Housing Survey data. In terms of our methodology, we estimate a two-stage housing demand function controlling for the tenure-driven (i.e., owning vs. renting) selectivity bias with the Heckman’s inverse Mills’ ratio. Moreover, we use both current income and estimated permanent income, as well as the price to rent ratio that was computed from separately estimated price and rent on each dwelling unit. We find that the income elasticity of demand is somewhat larger for the Capital Region (including Seoul and Incheon) than for the non-capital region (the other five metropolitan cities); the magnitudes of income elasticity for both locations did not vary much between 2006 and 2016. On the other hand, the price elasticity of demand is slightly smaller for the capital region compared to the non-capital region (in absolute value), and its magnitude increased for both regions in the latter year.2
Policy Instruments Supporting Innovation in Services: Policy Implications for Korea and V4 Countries
No full textExecutive Summary
Chapter 1. New Role of Higher Education Institutions in an Innovation-based Economy
Chapter 2. Smart Energy Systems in Safe Society 4.0
Chapter 3. Policy Instruments Supporting Innovation in Services: Policy Implications for Korea and V4 Countries
Chapter 4. Next Generation Policy for Digital Transformation of SMEs in Slovaki
The Republic of Korea’s first 70 days of responding to the COVID-19 outbreak
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has become a daunting global crisis with profound health, economic, and social impacts felt across the world. As of April 9, 2020, more than 1.5 million positive cases had been confirmed and nearly 90,000 people had died as a result of the virus. As the disease continues to spread, governments are tackling this crisis in different ways, and their efforts are yielding varying results, with some countries continuing to experience increasing numbers of new cases daily and others starting to see a flattening of the growth curve.
The Republic of Korea was one of the first countries to respond to COVID-19. The first positive case was identified on January 20, 2020, and daily confirmed cases peaked at 813 on February 29. Since then, the number of new cases has declined until reaching about 100 per day in mid-March. Although it remains uncertain how the crisis will play out over the longer term, Korea’s approach has been effective in slowing the spread of COVID-19. Policy makers and practitioners are asking how Korea has been able to achieve this encouraging outcome while many other countries continue to experience exponential growth in their number of new cases. This case study provides an overview of how Korea responded to the outbreak and how it achieved positive results in containing the disease.
As was the case in many countries, the basic elements of Korea’s response to COVID-19 combined using diagnostic testing, tracing contacts, isolating confirmed and suspected cases, providing treatment, and encouraging social distancing. Korea’s sense of urgency, strong implementation capacity, and effective communication and public outreach strategy have distinguished the country’s approach and contributed to its effectiveness. Although Korea’s approach may hold lessons for other countries, it is important to note that some elements may not be directly transferable due to contextual factors including differences in information technology infrastructure, data privacy standards, and health care systems. This case study describes how Korea has undertaken prevention efforts, developed testing kits, tested thousands of people, implemented epidemiological investigations, treated patients, and built the institutional capacity needed to respond to this crisis
Effective Resource Management of Governments and Corruption
Get PDFThis paper shows theoretically and empirically that public officials’ corruption is likely to degrade the quality of government management practices. By shedding light inside the classic “black box” idea of management, we explain how public corruption exerts a bad influence upon leadership, use of information and resource allocation. This bad influence of public corruption, as a consequence, will deteriorate the overall management quality of governments by weakening the integration of management subsystems. Data support our arguments by showing that increase in public corruption in an American state government decreases the probability significantly that the state may maintain its management excellence. The paper also demonstrates that infrastructure management of state governments is most vulnerable to corruption. Two-stage least squares instrumental variable (2SLS-IV) regressions support the robustness of our model and the empirical results