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Corruption and Tax Structure in American States
Get PDFWe examine the extent to which public corruption influences the tax structure of American states. After controlling for other tax structure influences, we find that states with greater measured public corruption have more complex tax systems, have higher tax burdens, rely more heavily on regressive indirect taxes, and have smaller shares of their tax burdens with initial impact on business.These are significant structural impacts on the tax systems
Reconstructed Knowledge Sharing of Development Experience: Focusing on Korean Stabilization Policies in the 1980s
Get PDFPublic Corruption and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Highway Transportation
Get PDFPublic corruption has significant negative effects on the performance of public agencies in both developing and developed countries. In this paper, we propose a theoretical approach to understanding the potential impact of public corruption on the performance of public organizations. We constructed multiple indexes for capturing the sectoral and overall performance of US state highway transportation agencies based on road quality, the status of bridges, traffic congestion, traffic fatalities, and overall highway performance.
Using state panel data for the period from 2002 to 2008, we found that public corruption had a negative impact on the quality of state roads and bridges and on traffic congestion and was associated with increases in traffic fatalities. Overall, we confirmed that corruption has the potential to diminish significantly the performance of US highway transportation agencies
Happiness and the Quality of Government
Get PDFThis paper uses happiness data to assess the quality of government. Our happiness data are drawn from the Gallup World Poll, starting in 2005 and extending to 2017 or 2018. In our analysis of the panel of more than 150 countries and generally over 1,500 national-level observations, we show that government delivery quality is significantly correlated with national happiness, but democratic quality is not. We also analyze other quality of government indicators.
Confidence in government is correlated with happiness, however forms of democracy and government spending seem not. We further discuss three channels (including peace and conflict, trust, and inequality) whereby quality of government and happiness are linked. We finally summarize what has been learned about how government policies could be formed to improve citizens’ happiness
Essays on regional characteristics and industrial performance
Get PDFThesis(Doctoral) -- KDI School: Ph.D in Development Policy, 2020Chapter 1: Land use and firm performance
Chapter 2: Effects of regional industrial features on firm performance in digital age
Chapter 3: Differential effects of having parent companies on subsidiaries'' total factor productivity by geographic proximitydoctoralpublishedBaesung KI
에너지 전환을 위한 한국의 거버넌스 모델의 평가: 에너지 민주주의, 협력적 거버넌스 또는 갈등 확산 모델?
No full textThis paper explores and evaluates the evolution of energy governance for energy transition in Korea by focusing on national long-term energy planning since 1997 and on its potential impact on the long-term goals of the shares of nuclear energy and renewable energy in energy mix set by those plans. While governance for national long-term energy planning in Korea seems to have been democratized, energy governance has been very politicized and strategic according to political ideologies of administrations in ways to change or select decision-making venues and members of the participants. Such strategic political factors for governance seem to be instrumental in explaining fluctuations of the energy mix in various national long-term energy planning since 1997. Collaborative governance mode was adopted for energy governance during participatory government early 2000s but in vain. And, in general, Korean evolution of energy governance can be explained relatively well with conflict expansion mode rather than energy democratization mode that appears in European countries. Korean model of energy governance may have problematic consequences of lingering animosity and distrust among stakeholders and policy uncertainties that may affect firm’s investment decision negatively.
이 논문은 1997년 이후 한국의 장기적인 에너지 계획 수립을 위한 거버넌스 체계의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 한국의 에너지 전환을 위한 거버넌스의 특징을 발견하고 정책적 함의를 발견하고자 하였다. 에너지 전환 측면에서 원자력 에너지와 재생 에너지 간의 상호 경쟁적인 관계에서의 정치적 갈등에 초점을 맞추어 거버넌스 체계의 구체적인 변화가 에너지 전환에 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 탐색해 보았다.
특히, 에너지 전환 또는 정책 변환에 관련된 세 가지 모델 (에너지 민주주의, 협력적 거버넌스, 갈등 확산)을 문헌연구에서 파악하여 한국의 거버넌스 특징과 비교해 보았다. 한국의 경우, 민주주의의 공고화로 인해 폐쇄적인 에너지 거버넌스가 점차 개방되고, 일반 시민들도 공론 조사 등을 통해 에너지 정책에 대한 숙의가 가능해 진 반면, 정치적 이념이 다른 정부가 집권하는 경우, 자신들의 이해관계에 유리하도록 거버넌스의 구조를 전략적으로 바꾸면서 정책을 결정하는 경향을 보임으로써 갈등이 확산되는 양상을 보이게 된다. 한국의 정부 주도 에너지 계획 모델은 의회와 시민 사회 주도인 독일의 에너지 민주주의 모델과 달리, 참여 정부 당시 시도되었던 협력적 거버넌스 모델의 실패 이후 갈등 확산 모델로 설명이 가능하며, 그 결과, 이해당사자간 불신과 갈등이 심화되고, 정치적 상황 변화에 따른 정책적 불확실성이 커지는 문제를 가지게 되었다.2
Implementation of the international commission against impunity in Guatemala (CICIG): strengthening the rule of law from 2015 to 2019
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2020.The International Comission Against Impunity in Guatemala –CICIG- (its Spanish acronym), helped Guatemala’s Attorney General’s Office investigate and indict Illegal Bodies and Clandestine Security Apparatus (CIACS) and other related crimes. In 2015, CICIG Commissioner Iván Velásquez, (2013-2019) with Attorney General Thelma Aldana and the Special Prosecutor´s Office Against Impunity headed by Francisco Sandoval discovered massive tax fraud on imported goods in the customs system. Called “The Line”, the criminal network involved businessmen and high-level officials including Otto Pérez Molina and Roxana Baldetti Elías, former President and Vice President.
One of Guatemala’s first major tax fraud and corruption cases, “The Line” exposed a justice system weakened by an underground network that bribed and initimidated judges, prosecutors, police, and undermined the electoral system. Through cases like these, CICIG and its government partners strengthened the rule of law and fought against corruption, illicit electoral financing and political interference. In 2015, they helped enact legal reforms to the judiciary and prosecutor’s office and presented constitutional, criminal, electoral financing, impeachment and amparo, habeas corpus and constitutionality law reforms still pending approval as of 2020.
During its legal reforms, emblematic cases of corruption and exposure powerful criminal networks deeply embedded in the state, the commission demonstrated that no one is outside the reach of justice, earning popular approval and building alliances with the attorney general’s office, civil society, national police and international cooperation who jointly took action in favor of continuing the fight against impunity and corruption. CICIG built a citizen trust and demonstrated that the powerful can be tried by helping the prosecutor''s office pursue paradigmatic cases of drug traffickers, ex-military personnel, corrupt politicians, corrupt bankers and even past war crimes.masterpublishedFUENTES DE PAZ, Ledy Daryl
Leapfrog in Education: Global Learning Crisis and Reform Opportunities for South Korea
No full text본고는 글로벌 학습위기를 가장 성공적으로 극복하는 학습혁명 선도국가를 한국 교육의 비전으로 제시한다. 먼저, 가장 중요한 방향으로 하이터치 하이테크 학습을 제시하고, 모두가 하이터치 하이테크 학습을 통하여 전인적이고 개별화된 평생학습을 할 수 있는 학생중심의 대량맞춤 학습체제를 실현하는 것을 학습혁명으로 정의하고 이미 미국을 중심으로 시작되고 있는 학습혁명의 사례들을 고찰한다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본고에서는 한국이 글로벌 학습위기를 가장 선도적으로 극복하는 학습혁명 선도국가로 가기 위한 주요 방향과 전략을 제시한 후 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 학교의 자율성, 교육의 사회통합기능 강화, 대학의 파괴적 혁신 등의 관점에서 구체적 대안들을 논의한다. 마지막으로 최근 코로나19로 인한 위기를 오히려 학습혁명의 기회로 삼을 수 있는 대안들을 살펴보고 결론을 맺는다.
This paper suggests that South Korea should lead global efforts of overcoming learning crisis and could become first-mover in leapfrog in education, which can be defined as processes of realizing personalized learning for all through High Touch High Tech education. After showing some notable demonstration cases of High Touch High Tech learning in US, discussions on how South Korea could nourish enabling ecosystem for High Touch High Tech education follows. This paper also discusses how High Touch High Tech education relates to autonomy of schools, disruptive innovation of university, and social integration through education. Lastly, we argue that South Korea could turn COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity for leapfrog in education by embracing cutting-edge EdTech and combine it with innovative pedagogy such as project-based learning
Policy proposals for promoting the development of alternative water resources
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Mangement,2020.Due to climate change, regional and temporal precipitations have become increasingly irregular, which brought adverse water management conditions such as regular drought and large flood damage. Furthermore, demands for relaxation of “water supply area protection” regulations are increasing while expectations for clean water are raised, which has intensified regional conflicts to secure clean water.
Nevertheless, it is difficult to build a new dam due to limitations of social acceptability, regional oppositions and more strict policies on building dam of the new government. Therefore, in order to effectively utilize the limited water resources in Korea, the development of alternative water resources is necessary.
The primary purpose of this policy recommendation is to activate the alternative water resources. Whereas previous studies have carried out research on the development of the alternative water resources on certain areas like the reuse of waste water or seawater desalination, this paper intends to integrate development measures in alternative water resources areas. But the purpose of this study is not simply to integrate development measures in each alternative water resources areas. Instead, the research is primarily focused on suggesting holistic ways to the development of the alternative water resources in long-term perspective that can sustainably overcome water shortages.
First I presented the status of seawater desalination, the problem of regulations and systems, and finally the policy recommendations for promoting of alternative water resources are as follows: 1) policy establishment and the policy direction dualization for each purpose. ; 2) for small facilities, strengthen support and push ahead continuously facility improvement projects, standardize and reduce operating costs. ; 3) for large factories, strengthen networks with global companies to lead overseas markets, establish partnerships with the government, industry and academia. ; 4) secure core technologies through active development of alternative water resources-related technologies, and an efficient operation management system ; 5) the optimal location for each characteristic of alternative water resources should be selected. For example push seawater desalination facilities around coastal areas where industrial parks are developed.
Second what can we learn from the case of Busan city? That is how important and difficult it is to have good governance among stakeholders. In the future, the alternative water resources business is expected to become more active, and it will not be possible to proceed without a good governance not only between regions but also within their own areas.
Third each alternative water resource sector, which has been handled by different departments in K-water, should be integrated into one department, and the field without a staff should create and manage a new team. The next chart shows an example of the integration of its functions into one department.
Finally in order to make a social consensus on promoting of alternative water resources, the exercise in public relations and education on water resources-related personnel should be taken into consideration.
It seems appropriate to limit the present study because there is a limit to expanding the study to the detailed plan of each alternative water resources, which goes beyond the scope of this study. Instead, the results could present a big picture about the overall development of alternative water resources.
I am sure alternative water resources are the only way to solve the water problem in Korea. I hope that the government will pay a lot of attention to alternative water resources and carry out the above proposals.Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Literature Review
Ⅲ. Analysis and Finding
Ⅵ. ConclusionmasterpublishedKwang Wook, NAM
Competition Law and Economics: Developments, Policies and Enforcement Trends in the US and Korea
No full textPreface by Jeong Pyo Choi ix
1 Introduction and overview
PART I SETTING THE STAGE
2 Competition law and economics: international cooperation and convergence in competition policy
PART II MARKET STRUCTURE
3 Market structure and market studies
4 An empirical study of the competitive pressure of the foreign sector in Korea
PART III ABUSE OF DOMINANCE
5 Structured rule of reason analysis of tying arrangements
PART IV MERGER AND COLLUSION
6 Comments on merger guidelines
7 What next? Cartel strategy after getting caught
PART V VERTICAL RESTRAINTS
8 Competition policy and the economics of vertical restraints
9 Resale price maintenance in a multi-producer and multi-distributor setting
10 Retail price coordination in Korean department stores: the specific purchase contract
Inde