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a legal analysis
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020With the slowing economic growth after the 2008 global recession, countries are struggling to energize their respective economies to boost growth and create more employment opportunities for their Citizens. As such, countries are taking a second look at various industrial policies to help restructure their respective economies. Belize, a small developing country in Central America with economic and political ties to the Caribbean, must expand its supply capacity to sustain its economy. Achieving this requires a robust institutional response through an industrial strategy aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of Belize’s economy. In this paper, we examine Belize’s existing industrial policies by conducting a legal analysis of its three investment incentive programs in relation to its WTO commitment. We identified the inconsistency in the three programmes with the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), and observed the corrective measure undertaken by the government. Further, we identified possible flexibilities that Belize could take advantage of, while also suggesting a long-term industrial strategy that ensures an economy-wide competitiveness.Section 1: Introduction
Section 2: Literature Review
Section 3: History of industrial development in the Caribbean and Belize
Section 4: Industrial Policies in Belize
Section 5: Existing industrial policies in the context of Belize''s WTO ASCM commitments
Section 6: Conclusion and Recommendation
Section 7: ReferencesmasterpublishedOlabanji Samuel OGUNJOB
How Large is the impact of Exports on Economic Growth? New Evidence from the Korean Case
No full textThe positive relationship between trade and economic growth is one of the most fundamental propositions in economics field. However, the existing empirical studies tend to have emphasized statistical significance of the trade-growth nexus, but they have paid less attention to the actual size of trade’s impact on economic growth. Is exports’ impact sufficiently large to justify the widespread pro-trade prescriptions to attain the long-term growth? In this respect, this paper empirically examines the impact of exports on economic growth, for the case of Korea since its economic take-off period in 1960s. We adopt two inter-related GDP decomposition methods to quantify the contributions of export to GDP growth from a historical perspective. We find that export’s contribution to GDP growth has been substantial. Specifically, the average contribution of net exports to growth for the period of 1960-2017 is 29.1 percent, which means that net exports accounts for 2.3 percent point per annum of Korea’s GDP growth. This figure is truly a remarkable one, taken into consideration that the average growth rates of developed and developing countries were 3.17 percent
and 3.37 percent over the last five decades, respectively.TRU
Local Municipality Public Value Co-Creation through Democratic E-Governance: A Mixed Method Analysis of Korean Municipal Government Websites
Get PDFThe use of technology in the public sector can improve the course of government by increasing efficiency and effectiveness, and bolster democratic principles in governance. The aforementioned can occur by employing transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement, thereby bringing the state-citizen relationship closer. Despite the crucial roles of local governments in promoting democratic practices in the e-government context, prior studies tend to have paid limited attention to e-government practices at the local level. Moreover, it was criticized that early e-government practices focused mainly from the provider’s perspectives and lost the sense of purpose. In this respect, integrating the concept of public value creation into the discussion of digital government may help this new mode of governance live up to its premises. With the gap in the current literature, this article presents a theoretical framework that portrays how the government and its citizens can interact through technology-mediated devices in the decision-making process, namely democratic egovernance, which leads to public value co-creation. Based on the theoretical ground, we analyzed municipal government websites in Korea, as its e-government system at the national level has been internationally regarded as one of the best practices. With a mixed method approach that integrated a quantitative approach to the website evaluation and qualitative analyses of in-depth interviews, we aimed to investigate the extent to which local democratic e-governance developed, and how public value was co-created through democratic e-governance in Korea. This study contributes to the literature by sharing the link between e-government studies and public value theory with substantiated evidence, and it discovered both prospects and latent challenges of public value co-creation through e-governance at the local level
Opportunism and Opportunity Cost as Antecedents of Participatory Behavior
No full textDespite its positive impacts, public participation often begets a representativeness problem due to participants’ opportunism and opportunity cost. Using the survey on 2,000 citizens in South Korea, the research results show that: (1) citizens’ opportunism in terms of self-interest or free-riding may significantly influence their participatory behaviors and (2) citizens’ opportunity costs may act as a mediating factor, i.e., a higher opportunity cost lessens the impact of opportunism on participation. The findings imply that a desirably represented citizen participation can be supported by considering and mobilizing (not manipulating) citizens’ sense of opportunism and opportunity cost.3
Redesigning Ethiopia's TVET Strategies and Policies
No full textChapter 1 Redesigning Ethiopia’s TVET Strategies and Policies
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Policy Context of Ethiopia
3. TVET System and Strategies of Ethiopia
4. Korea’s Experience
5. Policy Recommendations
References
Chapter 2 Organizational Capacity Diagnosis and Strategy Development of Holeta Polytechnic College in Ethiopia
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Background Analysis
3. Capacity Diagnosis of Holeta Polytechnic College
4. Korea’s Experiences in Strengthening the Quality of TVET
5. Policy Recommendations
References
Appendix
Chapter 3 Strategic Plan for Establishing of Ethiopian National TVET Research Institute
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Rationale for Introducing a TVET Research Institute in Ethiopia
3. Analysis of Ethiopian Situation
4. Korean Experience
5. Policy Recommendations
References
Appendix
Chapter 4 Policy Recommendations for Enhancing the Human Capital Index (HCI) in Rwanda
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Review of the Rwandan Education System
3. Status of Schooling in Rwanda
4. Status of Learning Outcomes in Rwanda
5. Successful Primary School Case Study
6. Korean Case Analysis
7. Implications for Enhancing HCI in Rwanda
Reference
Lowest-low fertility in South Korea: Policy and domestic labor supports and the transition to second birth
No full textScholars and policymakers contend that severe work-family constraints for women are a key contributor to lowest-low fertility in industrialized countries. Two separate areas of research have examined supports that could alleviate these constraints and potentially increase fertility: institutional support in the form of public policies and domestic labor support from male partners. There are few studies considering the influence of both policy and domestic labor supports and no investigations of the interplay between these two support mechanisms. We develop and test a theoretical framework that considers how the combination of these supports could alleviate women’s work-family constraints and increase fertility. Using the case of South Korea, a country with one of the most sustained lowest-low fertility rates in history, we examined the relationship between women’s eligibility for parental leave and husbands’ share of domestic labor and the transition to a second birth. Our analyses revealed that both supports, independently, had positive effects on the likelihood of a second birth. More importantly, we found that husbands’ domestic labor had a positive influence on fertility only when women’s access to parental leave was limited, suggesting that policy and domestic labor supports are substitutes and alleviate the same underlying work-family constraint in the Korean context. Our study underscores the importance of understanding the nature of work-family conflict across countries and how various supports―alone or in combination―could relieve women’s constraints on childbearing and upturn lowest-low fertility.
Building a dam and irrigation system to help farmers in Isabela, the Philippines, adapt to climate change, 2011–18
No full textFarmers in Isabela, a province in the Philippines, have long suffered from natural disasters such as flooding and drought, and climate change has made farming even more difficult. In the 1990s and 2000s, droughts lasted longer, typhoons became more frequent, and the timing of seasons varied unexpectedly, making it difficult for farmers to predict rainfall. Most farmers in the region depended solely on rainfall to cultivate crops, which meant they could harvest only once a year. As a consequence, farms had low productivity, and many farmers struggled to get by.
To reduce the impact of extreme weather, the government of the Philippines in 2011 launched the Pasa Dam project to build a dam, construct irrigation infrastructure, and improve management of the watershed, the land area that soaks up rainfall and channels it and underlying groundwater into rivers and lakes. Ultimately, the government aimed to increase agricultural production through a consistent supply of irrigated water.
The project team faced several challenges in their efforts to build the dam, including typhoons, bankruptcy of the main construction contractor, and deforestation of the watershed area. To deal with the challenges, the team had to maintain strong relations with the local community and frequently adapt the construction plans.
The dam and irrigation infrastructure were finally completed in 2018. In 2019, it was still too early to evaluate the project’s impact, but signs were encouraging. There was no flood or drought damage in the area in 2018 and 2019, and the dam was able to withstand two typhoons. Moreover, crop yield in the 2019 dry season was twice as high as it had been previously, and some farmers had begun harvesting twice per year
Exploring Determinants of Performance Indicator and Customer Satisfaction of Accommodation Sharing
Get PDFThe study aims to investigate determinants of performance indicator and perceptions of existing and potential customers in accommodation sharing. This study uses data of Airbnb in Busan and Jeju from January 1 to December 31 in 2018, provided by AirDNA. The total number of listed accommodation sharing were 5,109 accommodations in Busan and 11,502 accommodations in Jeju. More than 90 property types of registered accommodation are subcategorized and re-classified in this study. Study 1 examined current usage and effects of factors on performance indicator in tourism destinations by applying Airbnb data. Study 2 investigated effects of perceived factors on satisfaction, intention to use, loyalty, and tourism competitiveness by applying online survey data. This study applies statistical analyses such as factor and regression analyses, ANOVA, t-test, and MANOVA. Results of Study 1 showed that usage and effects of accommodation sharing differ from regulation that is related to sharing types. Effects also differ based on travel destinations. Results of Study 2 showed how customers perceive accommodation sharing differ from pure meaning of sharing. The results of Study 1 and 2 found significant effects of price and service factors on performance indicator and customer satisfaction. The findings of Study 2 showed significant effects on loyalty and tourism competitiveness.1
Using Information Communication Technology to Expedite Citizen Monitoring for Public Sector Transparency in Nigeria: The Case of Tracka – a BudgIT initiative
No full textThis case study examines how BudgIT, a civic organization focused using technology for citizen engagement in Nigeria, worked to enable effective citizen monitoring of Nigeria’s public budgets, and ultimately to ensure that these budgets were effective in addressing citizens’ needs. Nigerian society faced significant challenges related to combating corruption, fostering transparency, and catalyzing civic engagement. With regard to budgets, most citizens were not very motivated to demand transparency from public officials, due to limited understanding of public finances. To address this challenge, BudgIT launched an initiative to democratize budget information and to help citizens across all literacy spans understand better the content of the national budget, especially about capital projects implementation in their respective communities. It later developed Tracka, a citizen-led project tracking initiative to enable citizens to hold government officials to account. Using creative technology, tracking officers, alliances with other civil society organizations, and community engagement, BudgIT overcame a number of delivery challenges and institutional traps to bolster Nigerians’ engagement with public budgets and enable greater accountability
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Future of Work: Implications for Asian Development Cooperation
No full textPreface and Acknowledgements
Author Profiles
Abbreviations
Tables and Figures
Introduction
Which Future of Work Will Asia Create? / Anthea Mulakala
Chapter 1
Harnessing the Potential of ASEAN’s Digital Transformation Through Regional Cooperation / Sabina Dewan
Chapter 2
Digital Fluency Needed to Increase Women’s Access to Jobs in Asia / Zothan Mawii
Chapter 3
Upgrading the Thai Workforce for “Industry 4.0” Through Strategic Education and Training Partnerships and Emulation / Saowaruj Rattanakhamfu
Chapter 4
Southeast Asian Perspectives on Preparing for the Future of Work / Randeep Sudan
Chapter 5
The Digital Silk Road and Southeast Asian Countries / Zhou Taidong and Xue Qi
Chapter 6
The Role of APEC in the Asia-Pacific Region’s Fourth Industrial Revolution / Benjamin Lokshin
Chapter 7
Addressing Future of Work Challenges through Development Cooperation / Artemy Izmestiev and Julie Adiwal
Chapter 8
The Changing Nature of Work and Its Implications for Development Cooperation / Jai-Joon Hur
Conclusion / Anthea Mulakal