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Adopting Local Languages as Official Languages: Effect on Women and Rural Individuals’ Labor Force in Burkina Faso
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of the use of the main local languages in Burkina Faso (Moore, Dioula, Fulfulde) on labor force participation. Using Ethnologue language data, I compute the relative language distance reduction index, after which I use a probit/logit model and instrumental variable approach to account for language use policy endogeneity. This study finds that the use of the Moore language increases the likelihood of labor force participation by 36 percent, with a strong impact on women at 59 percent, nine times higher than men, and 38.3 percent for rural individuals, five times higher than individuals living in urban areas. The Dioula language exhibits comparable trends, while Fulfulde has a negative impact on individuals. The study recommends the use of local language(s) as official language(s) to improve labor force participation. However, a bilingual approach combining local and international language(s) will be of use to account for globalization and international competitiveness. The findings here may be of use to researchers and policymakers as part of their effort to increase the labor force participation rates of women and rural individuals. Moreover, this research has significant implications with regard to the implementation of language use policies in a variety of postcolonial language contexts
An Exploratory Study to Diagnose and Improve a Conflict Management System of a Public Institution based on Dispute System Design(DSD): Focusing on Conflict Around High-voltage Transmission tower Constructions by Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO)
No full text본 연구는 공공기관의 갈등관리시스템을 개선하기 위해서 어떤 방식으로 갈등관리시스템을 이해하고 진단하며 개선점을 도출할 수 있는지에 대한 모형을 제시하기 위해 한국전력의 송전선로 건설 갈등관리시스템에 초점을 맞추어 논의를 전개하였다. 본 연구가 기존 연구와 다른 점은 Dispute System Design(DSD) 이론에 기초하여 갈등관리시스템의 산출결과를 갈등의 전개양태와 연계시킨 뒤, 갈등전개양태에 영향을 주는 요소(제도, 절차, 동기, 역량, 자원)들을 상호 유기적인 관계로 설정한 뒤 각각의 요소들에서의 개선점을 도출하려 했다는 점이다. 이러한 모형의 중요한 시사점은 갈등관리시스템의 개선은 특정 구성 요소의 단편적 개선만으로 효과가 나타나는 것이 아니라, 제도, 절차, 동기, 역량, 자원 등이 유기적으로 개선이 될 때 갈등관리시스템의 산출결과 측면의 개선 효과가 나타날 수 있다는 것이다. 개선점을 마련하기 위한 필수 조건은 갈등관리시스템을 횡단(cross-sectional)과 종단(longitudinal)으로 체계적으로 진단할 수 있는 평가 모형과 그를 위한 자료이다. 이 체계가 없으면 정확한 진단을 토대로 개선방안을 도출하기 어렵게 된다. 한전의 송전선로 건설 갈등관리시스템을 진단하기 위해, 제한된 자료를 바탕으로 사례 연구와 관계자 인터뷰를 통해 갈등관리시스템의 구성 요소들과 산출 결과들을 진단하였다.
한전의 송전선로 건설 갈등관리시스템의 경우 과거 10년 전과 비교할 때 많은 부분에서 갈등관리시스템의 요소들이 개선되고 산출결과가 향상되고 있으나 아직도 여러 요소들에서 개선의 여지가 보이고 창조적인 개선방안을 실험적으로 도입하여 시도할 수 있는 리더쉽이 필요하다.2
Life Satisfaction, Occupation and Gender
No full textThis study aims to understand the impacts of wages and occupational prestige on life satisfaction among wage workers by occupation and gender in South Korea using data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) and analyzing it with a fixed effects ordered logit analysis. The results show that wage positively affects life satisfaction for both male and female workers but that it matters more for women. The effects are also different by occupation. Wage is more significant in the life satisfaction of male managers and clerks. Regarding prestige, it has no significant impact on the life satisfaction of male workers, but it affects female workers. By occupation, it matters more for managers, professionals, and semi-professionals but for clerks, it does not affect much among male employees. On the other hand, it dominates all occupations among female workers, so the differences in life satisfaction by occupation amongst women can be said to be mainly due to occupational prestige.1
Balanced SWOT: Revisiting SWOT Analysis through Failure Management and Success Management
Get PDFOne of the most popular and widely used frameworks in strategic management is SWOT analysis (or SWOT hereafter), which represents the analysis of “strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.” SWOT helps identify the positive and negative factors in the external and internal environment of an organization. The primary goal of SWOT is to conduct a situation analysis in order to identify the key issues, problems, or challenges facing the organization and to develop insights into the strategic direction of the organization. SWOT has become widely accepted not only in the business and private sector but also in the public and non-profit sectors, such as the government, schools, hospitals, NGOs, and international organizations. The framework provides a synthesis and logical structure that is clear, objective, comprehensive, and relatively easy to implement. However, the simplicity of SWOT can be a double-edged sword. While praising the convenience of SWOT thanks to its simplicity, SWOT users have also criticized the oversimplified results and processes included in SWOT analyses. In today’s dynamic and rapidly changing environment, the strengths of an organization can become weaknesses, while a threat can become an opportunity
Growth in a Time of Change: Global and Country Perspectives on a New Agenda
No full textPreface
Acknowledgments
Part I: The Changing Global Context for Growth
1. Technology, Change, and a New Growth Agenda
Zia Qureshi
2. Subdued Potential Growth: Sources and Remedies
Sinem Kilic Celik, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska Ohnsorge
3. Stagnation vs. Singularity: The Global Implications of Alternative Productivity Growth Scenarios
Warwick J. McKibbin and Adam Triggs
4. The Future of Global Manufacturing
Brahima Coulibaly and Karim Foda
5. The Digital Transformation of International Trade
Joshua P. Meltzer
Part II: Country Perspectives on a Changing Growth Agenda: Korea
6. A Shift in the Economic Policy Paradigm
Hyeon-Wook Kim
7. Growth and Distribution: No Longer Compatible with Each Other?
Youngsun Koh
8. Change in Labor Income Share in Korea: Findings from Firm-Level Data
Jiyoon Oh
9. Technological Change and the Rise of Corporate Saving: A Korean Case Study
Duksang Cho
10. Rise of Household Debt and Spending in Korea: Evidence and Policy Implications
Young-Il-Kim
Contributors
Inde
The Impact of export restrictions on the structure of Iran's non-oil export with an emphasis on mining sector
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020The present study investigated the factors affecting Iran’s non-oil exports especially in exportation of mineral products with an emphasis on export restrictions. For this purpose and in the first step, the literature on the export restrictions was reviewed and the main restrictions imposed on Iran’s non-oil exports in the recent decade were taken into consideration. In the next step and in a descriptive examination, the structure of Iran’s non-oil export was considered in terms of factor intensity of production and the technology level, and the impact of international sanctions was identified as the main export restriction on this structure. In the last step, the demand for and the supply of Iran’s non-oil exports in the period 1987-2017 were estimated in the framework of Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) and using Two-Stage least squares (2SLS) for total Iran’s non-oil exports and its mining sector for the purpose of modeling to determine the factors affecting the exportation and examining the impacts of sanctions.
The results show that Iran’s non-oil exports have decreased as a result of the international sanctions despite the foreign exchange surge in Iran in 2012. In addition to these sanctions, the structure of Iran’s non-oil export has not undergone any manifest change in terms of the extent of the factor intensity of production, while as far as technology is concerned, the exportation of higher-technology products has been impacted by the sanctions to a greater extent. According to the estimated coefficients in the function of demand for non-oil exports, the price of the foreign goods and the revenues of other countries are some of the main factors affecting the demand for Iran’s exports, and the price and income elasticities in the minerals exportation sector have been obtained as higher than those of the total non-oil exports. The important point in estimating the demand function is that the coefficient of dummy variable is different in estimating the impact of the sanctions such that this coefficient is negative and significant for Iran’s total non-oil exports indicating the effectiveness of the sanctions in restricting Iran’s non-oil exports while the coefficient for the mineral products exports is positive for mineral product exportation. In conclusion, it should be mentioned that according to the achievements of the present study and the estimated model, more than two thirds of Iran’s non-oil exports are composed of the raw and resource-based products, and the factors affecting the demand and supply in exportation show that Iran’s non-oil exports are mainly demand-oriented and some factors such as the world prices, revenues of other countries and sanctions were more effective in restricting them than the supply factors such as investment or roductivity. The results of the model and structure analysis show
the small impact of the sanctions on raw materials sectors.1. INTRODUCTION
2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
4. EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedAbdolhamid ADEL
evidence from seven west African countries
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020Mainstream economics doesn’t give much importance to energy but, there is no doubt about the contribution of energy to economic activities. This paper looks at the causal effect of electricity on economic in the energy growth nexus in West Africa. We use ARDL bounds test to test for cointegration and Granger causality to identify the causality direction and finally an instrumental variable regression to estimate the causal effect of electricity on economic growth. The ARDL bounds test shows no cointegration between electricity use and economic growth. The Granger causality based on Vector Autoregression model shows a unidirectional relationship from electricity to GDP in Benin and from GDP to electricity use in Ghana and Senegal. However the test shows bidirectional causality in Togo and Nigeria. The causal effect based on instrumental variable approach shows that a 1% in electricity use per capita yields 0.17% increase in per capita income.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Data and Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
5. Policy Recommendation
6. ConclusionmasterpublishedDissirama Bagnaguim RAGATO
Regulatory Reform for Fostering an Innovation Ecosystem
No full textAlthough South Korea has taken various measures related to regulatory reform over the past decades, it has not made significant progress in transforming its regulatory framework. There are still a large number of regulations that are outdated and exist only in South Korea compared to other developed countries. This working paper reviews key measures made in recent years and clarifies critical steps that the country must take to make a successful transition. We first examine the direction of regulatory reform corresponding to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and how developed countries are rapidly moving to conceive the optimal regulatory design to promote innovation. Then, we highlight the major efforts South Korea has made in recent years to initiate regulatory reform and the fundamental challenges that remain. Lastly, we dive deep into regulatory reform for health care innovation, particularly as the government pledges to build a world-class bio-health industry over the next decade. We also approach regulatory reform from a public perspective, discussing how to encourage civic participation through open-minded communication and information-sharing with the public. As the South Korean society lacks trust towards new technologies and data usage, it is crucial to establish credibility of emerging industries as well as a balanced understanding of the potential benefits, ironing out conflicting views between stakeholders
evidence from Myanmar (2011-2018)
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2020The fiscal decentralization in Myanmar continues to deteriorate and pose a challenge the long lasting for the growth in the longer time horizon. The main objective of this paper is to observe the fiscal decentralization and rural infrastructure development: evidence from Myanmar and examine whether fiscal decentralization effect directly or indirectly on infrastructure by using an econometric model for the period 2011-2018. This study examines the budget decentralization’s impact on infrastructure not only in the long run but also in the short run. The long and short run estimates are investigated using multiple regression method and fixed effects estimation method. Two variables including Revenue autonomy and the total number of miles of earth road construction were used in this analysis. The data was collected from the Ministry of Planning, Finance and Industry, Budget Department and the Department of Highways. Through the analysis findings show that Revenue autonomy positively causes the earth road construction. That’s why this observation concluded that earth road construction causes Revenue autonomy and Revenue autonomy causes the earth road construction. There is a bidirectional causal relationship in both the earth road construction variable and Revenue autonomy variable and exists a long run relationship between Revenue autonomy and the earth road construction from multiple regression method and fixed effects estimation method. Therefore, Revenue autonomy policy needs to be coordinated with each other for curbing the earth road construction.CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW: Decentralization
CHAPTER THREE Fiscal Decentralization in Myanmar
CHAPTER FOUR Research Methodology
CHAPTER FIVE Main Results
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedKhin Mg ZI
Economic growth and development in Egypt
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020This research is to measure the degree of significance of different aspects of the economy to determine what factors affect the economic growth performance in Egypt. Time series analysis will be used to identify the impact of different economic factors on economic development performance in Egypt over the period 1985-2015. Ordinary Least Square technique will be applied in this paper. The first step was testing the stationarity of data using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test to avoid spurious regression results. The results of the analysis showed that all factors are stationary at first difference. After that, the regression model was tested, and the results revealed that foreign direct investment has an insignificant effect on GDP per capita in Egypt while government consumption expenditures, contributing family workers and secondary school enrollment rate can affect GDP per capita positively and significantly. The results also showed a negative and significant Impact of conditions of trade and household consumption expenditures on economic evolution and dilation in Egypt. The policy implications based on the results of the test suggest more focus on the allocation and quality of foreign direct investment in different sections in Egypt. Additionally, government consumption expenditures would be beneficial for economic growth in particular spending on national defense and security. Moreover, promoting exports is a necessity to enhance trade conditions and reduce its adverse effect on economic boom or prosperity. Households consumption expenditure is required to be reduced to save more money for longterm investment. The study also suggested that government could facilitate the regulations to operate the family business. Finally, enhancing education quality is essential for economic development through providing better technologies and teaching methods.CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter III: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EGYPTIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH
Chapter V: POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter VI: ConclusionmasterpublishedAhmed Elsayed Mohamed Morsy ERAK