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Natural Disaster and Child Labor: Evidence from Indonesian Earthquake
Get PDFNatural disasters can bring considerable damages to households in terms of casualties of household members, destruction of houses, and loss of physical assets. We examine the impact of an earthquake in Indonesia on children’s school and work activities and how the effect differs by access to credit. We find that the earthquake decreases education and increases child labor, but the effect is stronger for households with access to credit. Our finding indicates the complementary effect between credit and child labor and suggests the need for policies to increase educational investment when providing credits to households recovering from a shock
Applying the long-term growth model to Myanmar based on the growth trajectory of Vietnam
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2020Since the launch of wide-ranging economic reforms in 2011, Myanmar has achieved robust economic growth. However, in consideration of existing development challenges such as lack of hard and soft infrastructure and depletion of natural resources, Myanmar’s sustainable growth will not be possible without constant reforms. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to simulate the patterns of long-term economic growth and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in Myanmar based on various scenarios by utilizing the World Bank’s Long-Term Growth Model (LTGM) to provide policy implications. As for scenarios, this study benchmarks Vietnam, which has shown remarkable economic performance two decades ahead of Myanmar with a similar geographical and economic background.
The results of simulation analyses show TFP growth is the most decisive factor for Myanmar’s long-term economic growth, followed by increasing female labour participation. However, to achieve a long-lasting economic growth rate of more than 6%, Myanmar is required to improve all the growth engines, including investment and human capital. Meanwhile, as to TFP growth, increasing an education index shows the most significant impact on TFP growth in Myanmar. According to the results of analyses, policy makers in Myanmar are advised to strengthen policies improving human capacity for sustainable economic growth. This will not only contribute to TFP growth but will also directly affect economic growth. In addition, labour market policies to promote female labour participation is also significant to economic growth until it reaches its target.
In addition to draw policy implications, this study contributes to secure the validity of simulation analysis using LTGM through data calibration. Furthermore, the approach in this study applying LTGM and LTGM-TFP extension could be a reference to policy makers and researchers to utilize the models effectively.I. Introduction
II. Drivers of Economic Growth
III. Long-Term Growth Model by World Bank
IV. Methodology
V. Results
VI. ConclusionmasterpublishedInjae JEON
the landscape of patent applications and its implications on national innovation system
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2020The purpose of this paper is to understand the mechanism of the patent system by identifying the factors affecting the number of PCT patent applications. The panel data regression in this study has confirmed that the amount of R&D expenditure is the single most critical factor affecting the number of PCT patent applications. The Pooled OLS, Fixed-Effect Panel regression and 2SLS unanimously showed that the coefficient for ‘logged value of R&D expenditure’ is around ‘1’ which implies that the increase in the R&D expenditure leads to the same rate of increase in the number of PCT patent applications. In addition, the residual analysis indicated that even though South Korea is highest in R&D expenditure rate, it is lagging behind the US and Japan. The comparison of the National Innovation System between the US and South Korea suggested that in spite of the institutional and structural similarities, the operational inefficiency in the National Innovation System is responsible for the gap.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Results
IV. PCT Patent Applications and National Innovation System
V. ConclusionOutstandingmasterpublishedJihun CHO
A Study on enhance of social acceptance for floating solar power using shared water surface: focusing on in-depth interviews of floating solar power development managers
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Management,2020.Korea is a country that emits large amounts of greenhouse gases, so Korea plans to drastically expand the supply of renewable energy to supply and demand eco-friendly energy while keeping pace with the changes in global energy policy stances caused by climate change. Especially, it plans to supply most of renewable energy with solar and wind power. In order to meet the government''s recent renewable energy policy, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water) and Korea Rural Community Corporation are expanding large-scale floating solar power projects using water surface.
In promoting floating solar power projects, issues of ''environmental'' related to water pollution, water ecological disturbance, heavy metal extraction, electromagnetic wave-related environmental hazards, and damage to the landscape are raised. And there are problems with delayed or terminated projects due to public opposition to development caused by damage to residents in the development area.
Experts think that ''environmental'' and ''resident acceptance'' are the biggest problems in large-scale floating solar power development. In order to solve the environmental problem, it is necessary to comprehensively study the impact on water quality and aquatic ecosystems and environmental risks from a mid- to long-term perspective through continuous monitoring. And by sharing objective facts with the residents, we will be able to resolve doubts about the environmental problem. And resident acceptance can be enhanced when it is shared with the residents as a real benefit by forming a trust relationship through continuous communication with local residents, and by sharing the profits generated through the project with the business operator and local residents. From the initial planning stage to the construction and operation of the project, the business can be smoothly promoted only by considering the major issues, response plans, decisions, and expected effects response plans.
In this study, an in-depth interview was conducted on the floating solar power development of Chungju Dam and Hapcheon Dam to experts participating in the development of floating solar power projects. Opinions were collected and analyzed to improve the social acceptability of floating solar power generation. It is meaningful that it presents effective strategic implications.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
4. In-depth Interview Result
5. ConclusionmasterpublishedKOH, Ji Hu
Minimum Wage and Unemployment: Evidence from Russia
Get PDFThis paper investigates the unemployment effects of the Russian minimum-wage policy. The results suggest that higher minimum wages slightly increase unemployment rates among young workers but do not affect the older workforce. The textbook theory of producer is employed to rationalize the findings, showing that the magnitude of employment responses to minimum wages is associated with the elasticity of capital-labor substitution. Moreover, industries employ more workers informally if they cannot exercise capital-labor substitution easily. In line with the revealed unemployment among youth and informalization of the economy induced by the intervention, the findings show limited income effects of the policy
Gray Skies and Blue Moms:The Effect of Air Pollution on Parental Life Satisfaction
Get PDFWe investigate the effects of air pollution on individuals’ life satisfaction, uncovering important heterogeneity in the impact. Using self-reported life satisfaction data from South Korea, we show that individuals report, ceteris paribus, lower life satisfaction in response to worsening air quality if young children are present in the household. This observed impact is driven heavily by the subpopulation of mothers, and the impact on mothers attenuates as their children grow older. We conclude that mothers’ disproportionate responsibility for child rearing and children’s higher vulnerability to air pollution are the likely channels mediating the impact of air pollution on life satisfaction
A study on the introduction of artificial intelligence technology in the water treatment process
Get PDFThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Mangement,2020.Today, we stand in front of a huge wave of change named the "Fourth industrial revolution." Key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution include artificial intelligence, the Internet of Thing (IoT), cloud computing, big data analysis, etc. These technologies will lead to an intelligent information society, and platform services will change every aspect of society from economic and work.
This paper proposes several introductions of Artificial Intelligence Technology to improve water management. AI Technology secure a leadership position in the unfolding revolution and expedite the realization of an intelligent information company. K-water has to secure innovative technologies in advance as the foster related industries and upgrade services in order to generate new value and ensure the competitiveness of its intelligent water system.
The K-water should take significant steps to thoroughly prepare for the coming Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as Artificial Intelligence-based autonomous Water Purification Plant with developing a creative water treatment process. The artificial intelligence system will be able to secure technological competitiveness in the water industry and secure future growth engines in the water industry by securing intelligence information technology, which is key to the fourth industrial revolution.Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Review of Literature and Cases
III. Analysis of AI Technology Application in Water Treatment
Ⅳ. Recommendation for the Standard Model of Artificial Intelligence
Ⅴ. ConclusionmasterpublishedSeong Il, JEONG
Price Stability and Financial Stability as Monetary Policy Objectives
No full text물가안정과 금융안정은 모두 포기할 수 없는 정책과제다. 그러나 금융안정을 위해서는 통화정책보다 더 효과적이고 다양한 정책수단을 보유하고 있는 금융당국이 존재하는 반면, 중장기적인 물가안정은 통화당국 이외에 감당할 수 있는 정책당국이없다. 한국은행법 제1조에 ‘물가안정’이 통화정책의 주된 목적으로 적시되고, ‘금융안정’이 보조적 목적으로 제시된 이유가 여기에 있다고 이해된다. 금융안정을 고려하여 인플레이션의 일시적 목표수준 이탈을 용인하는 통화정책이 바람직한 경우도있겠으나, 그와 같은 이탈이 항구화되지 않도록 관리하는 것이 통화당국에게 부여된 ‘물가안정’ 책무라고 할 수 있다. 총수요 상황을 함축적으로 전달하는 기조적 물가(인플레이션)의 안정은 실물경기의 안정뿐 아니라, 우리 경제가 축소 순환 혹은디플레이션의 늪에 빠질 가능성을 경계하는 정책방향이기도 하다.
Both price stability and financial stability are the policy objectives that a government should not give up. However, the central bank is the sole authority responsible for price stability, whereas, as for financial stability, financial authorities are delegated with more diverse and effective policy measures than monetary authority. This is the reason that Article 1 of the Bank of Korea Act stipulates ‘price stability’ as the main objective and ‘financial stability’ as an auxiliary one. In this light, it should be regarded as the mandate of the Bank of Korea not to perpetuate the deviation of inflation from the target, though it may be desirable to allow temporary deviations for the sake of financial stability. Yet, Korea’s inflation has been secularly lowered below the official target since 2012 as a result of monetary policy emphasizing financial stability over price stability, and finally approached the level provoking deflation woes. This paper argues that restoration of inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework is urgent to guard the Korean economy against the risk of vicious cycle of contraction, or deflation spiral.2