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the case of Myanmar
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021This study examined the impact of institutional quality on bilateral trade between Myanmar and the selected trading partners between 2000 and 2020. The random effects model was used to conduct regression analysis and the required secondary data was collected from the World Development Indicators and World Governance Indicators. Bilateral trade was considered as the dependent variables and GDP per capita, distance, sanction, and governance indicators such as government effectiveness, rule of law, control of corruption, political stability, regulatory quality and voice and accountability were included as independent variables. The regression results showed that the institutional quality has statistically significant positive effects on bilateral trade between 2000 and 2020. However, the results revealed that the institutional quality of Myanmar during the military rule (2000-2010) has statistically significant negative effects on bilateral trade. The findings suggest that the government should make great effort to maintain the political stability within the country as a priority by learning the lesson from the past and to strengthen the institutional framework onwards.Chapter I: Introduction
Chapter II: Myanmar Trade Structure and Economic Development
Chapter III: Literature Review
Chapter IV: Methodology
Chapter V: Finding and discussion
Chapter VI: Conclusion and RecommendationmasterpublishedMay Phyo Th
a qualitative research to review the experience of technical assistance providers from the global south in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2021Knowledge sharing has, throughout the past few decades, is widely recognized as an essential means through which Global South countries foster South-South Cooperation - SSC. This research explores the conceptual and contextual issues to the notion of knowledge sharing within bilateral projects implemented by Colombia with Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Curaçao and Cote D’Ivoire. How is knowledge-sharing included in the legal framework? How is it institutionalized by international cooperation agencies and bureaus? and how is it managed throughout the project cycle? In this sense, a comprehensive literature review reveals that knowledge-sharing incorporation into south-south cooperation has not been attained in Global South’s project management at its various stages (planning, implementation, and M&E).
Therefore, a completely qualitative case study methodology was used to get relevant data from technical assistance providers and requesters at the coordination and technical levels about their understanding of knowledge-sharing applied to SSC projects. Given the primary data generated during the fieldwork (virtually conducted due to COVID-19 restrictions), this study concludes that despite there is no conceptual standardization of knowledge-sharing in the global south countries analyzed, it is implicit throughout all stages of the project management. In this scenario, it was found that the international cooperation agencies and bureaus are key actors whose function lies beyond the bilateral coordination, but given its position and performance, they are responsible for enabling the conditions that limit or expand the benefits of knowledge-sharing within a SSC project.
This study recommends that there be a paradigmatic shift about the role of international cooperation agencies and bureaus beyond project coordination towards ensuring knowledge- based environments that contributes to a better incorporation of knowledge-sharing in SSC.CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedIvonne Andrea RAMOS HENDE
Public Debt in the Pacific—A Rising Concern
No full textA number of Pacific Island countries (PICs) will have to contend with large public debts in the aftermath of the global pandemic—possibly too large for them to manage. More than half of PICs are at high risk of debt distress, one is deemed to be in an unsustainable position, those assessed as sustainable or at moderate risk are also generally seen as facing significant downside risks and vulnerability to external shocks (including frequent natural disasters in the region) (Table 6). These countries—among the most remote and vulnerable countries in the IMF membership—had limited fiscal and external buffers even prior to the COVID-19 crisis, limited or no external market access, and thin domestic debt markets. Rising levels of public debt were already a concern, particularly given a history of low economic growth, limited capacity with respect to revenue generation and debt management, and a high vulnerability to external shocks (such as natural disasters) combined with a pressing need to invest in climate resilience.TRU
Double-edged cohesion: Multidimensional impacts of community governance’s cohesion in community-driven development
No full textWhile often pursued as a desirable state for a society or community, group cohesion can be a double-edged sword. When it comes to Community-Driven Development (CDD), in which community members are expected to collaborate to ensure their co-prosperity, group cohesion would be a matter of not only “WHETHER or not it is needed” but also “WHEN/WHERE/HOW MUCH it is needed”. This study examines a rural CDD case implemented by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and the Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI). The analyses imply some common patterns of village cohesion for successful CDD performance: complementary communication roles shared by multiple leaders; the coexistence of physical and mental preparedness; balance between optimistic and realistic prospects; a long-term horizon for planning and implementation; introspective attribution of challenges; and constructive divergences and coordination in goal setting. We conclude with theoretical and practical conditions of multi-dimensionally balanced group cohesion in community development.1
Economic Policy and the Covid-19 Crisis: The Macroeconomic Response in the US, Europe and East Asia
No full textThis book offers an assessment of the different monetary and fiscal policy responses that have been implemented by national governments in major European and Asian countries faced with the Covid-19 crisis since 2020; it also deals with the case of the US experience as a benchmarking example.
The book provides a comprehensive cross-country comparative study on health crisis management at the macroeconomic level. Its focus on monetary and fiscal policies across different countries in Asia, Europe and the USA makes it unique. Divided into three parts following a general introduction that sets the context of the study, the book deals with the case of the USA, EU and European countries as well as with that of key Asian countries. Of specific relevance is the European Union and euro-area contexts that serve as a framework to the different EU national monetary and fiscal policy responses. Each chapter deals with a specific country, including Italy and the UK in Europe and Singapore and South Korea in Asia, and covers the following topics: the extent of the outbreak of the public health crisis and its macroeconomic impact; the comparative examination of fiscal and monetary policy responses to both crises; and an overall assessment of the effectiveness of these policies along with the public health policy to mitigate the economic impact.
Given the unprecedented nature of the Covid-19 crisis, anyone eager to know more about its macroeconomic impact and ensuing policies in a comparative framework will be keen to read this book. It will be essential reading to any researcher, policy maker and/or analyst working in the area of public policy and is also a unique contribution to the field of European studies, Asian studies and Comparative Economic Studies.Introduction
Part 1: The Experience of the USA
1. Monetary and Fiscal Policies in the United States
Part 2: Monetary and Fiscal Policies in the Euro-Area and in the EU
2. The Covid-10 Monetary and fiscal Response in the euro-area and the EU
3. The Case of France
4. The Case of Germany
5. The Case of Italy
6. The Case of the UK
Part 3: Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Asia
7. The Case of China
8. The Case of Japan
9. Monetary and Fiscal Policy Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic - The case of Korea
10. The Case of Singapore
Appendix: Chronicle of the Macroeconomic Responses in the US, Europe, and East Asi
Cost Estimation of Bills and Budget Deliberation That Uses a Top-Down Approach
No full text재정수반 법률안이 수반하는 비용을 추계하여 법률안이 발의되고 심사될 때 해당 비용 정보가 실질적으로 활용되게 함으로써 결과적으로 국가의 재정건전성을 제고하는 것이 법안비용추계제도의 주요 목적이다. 본고는 제20대 국회 기간 동안 의원 발의된 모든 법률안을 정량분석하고 정책당사자를 표적집단면접함으로써 법안비용추계의 활용도와 관련 제반 문제점을 분석한다. 예산정책처에서 작성한 비용추계가 의안정보시스템에 누락된 경우도 많고 국회의 법률안 심사과정에서 비용추계가 실질적으로 활용되는 정도는 극히 저조하다. 우리나라 국회의 예산안 심의과정이 현행처럼 상향식 방식을 고수하면 법안비용추계의 활용도를 근본적으로 제고할 수 없다. 국회의 예산안 심의과정을 탑다운식 방식으로 바꾸는 전향적인 변화가 필요하다.
여성의 경제활동참여와 자녀수와의 관계: 직장 유형을 중심으로
Get PDF본 연구는 기혼 여성의 경제활동이 총 자녀수, 둘째아 여부, 추가 출산 의향, 이상자녀수와 실제 자녀수 차이에 미치는 영향을 직장 유형을 중심으로 실증 분석하였다. 전국출산력 가족보건복지 실태조사 2009~2018년 자료를 합동 횡단면으로 구축하고, 개인 및 가구의 인구사회학적 특성, 경제적 요인, 가치관 요인을 통제 변수로 활용하여 포아송 및 이항 로지스틱 모형 분석을 시행한 결과, 기혼 여성의 취업, 특히 민간 기업에 취업한 경우 미취업 대비 총 자녀수에 통계적으로 유의한 부의 영향이 있었다. 공공부문 취업과 미취업간에는 둘째아 출산 여부에 차이가 없었고, 정부기관 취업은 다른 부문 취업 대비 총 자녀수와 둘째아 출산에 정의 영향이 있었다. 자녀 및 전통적 부부 역할에 대한 부정적 태도는 총 자녀수에 부의 영향이 있었다. 평균처리효과 추가 분석 결과 공공부문 취업은 민간 부문 취업 대비 총 자녀수 및 둘째아 출산에 정의 영향이 있었고 다른 부문 취업 대비 정부기관 취업의 경우에도 동일한 결과가 나타났다. 이는 기혼 여성의 취업과 자녀수와의 관계는 직장 유형에 따라 다르게 나타나며, 고용안정성, 일가정 양립 지원 제도, 연금을 통한 노후소득보장이 뒷받침된다면 기혼 여성의 경제활동 참여와 자녀 수간의 정의 순소득효과가 가능함을 시사한다. 여성의 경제활동 확대, 자녀와 가족에 대한 가치관 변화, 초혼 및 첫 임신 연령 증가의 사회적 추세를 감안할 때 저출산 극복을 위해서는 민간 부문의 일가정 양립 지원의 확대와 국민연금 개선, 직장과 가정내 양성평등 확립이 필요하다.This study examines the effect of employment status on fertility among married female with an emphasis on sectoral differences. Using a pooled data of the 2009-2018 National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare, the poisson models, logistics models and matching estimations for average treatment effect are conducted. Results show that employment of married female is likely to have negative effects on total number of children and having a second child. Private sector employment, compared to non-employment, has a particularly large negative effect on fertility whereas public sector employment does not. Employment in government sector is found to increase total number of children and the likelihood to have a second child. Strong negative attitudes to children and traditional gender roles within family are likely to reduce fertility. It implies that the relationship between employment status and fertility depends on sectors. Job security, work-life balance support, pension benefit improvement at work as well as gender equality at home would foster both labor force participation of females and fertility through a positive net income effect
The Determinants of Unmet Needs for Personal Assistance of the Disabled in South Korea
Get PDFThis paper examines determinants of unmet needs for personal assistance among the disabled in South Korea. Using National Survey of Disabled Persons of year 2011, 2014, and 2017, we estimate linear probability models and ordered logit models and find that older, female disabled with worse health status, longer disability years, and living alone are more likely to have absolute unmet needs. We divide the sample by sex and age. Our findings show that determinants of unmet needs for older adults (persons aged 65 or above) are not greatly different from those for younger adults (aged 18-64), but marital status for males and household income for females seem to be a key determinant of unmet needs. We also find that reliance on informal care (family members) is greater for married males, larger household size, worse health status, home owners among the elderly, for more severe disability, mentally disabled, home owners among the female group
an autoregressive redistributed lag (ARDL) bound cointegration technique
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021With rising public debt levels in developing and middle income countries and the debt crises that has strucked most of the advanced economies, there has been a lot of scholarly and policy debates about the factors that determines the public debt level of a country. This paper examines the impact of selected macroeconomic variables as well as a governance indicator (government effectiveness variable) in determining the public debt level of The Gambia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was employed to establish the short-run and long-run impact of the selected variables on public debt. The study reveals that trade openness and gross fixed capital formation have an increasing impact on public debt in the long-run. GDP growth, official exchange rate, and the government effectiveness variables on the other hand have a decreasing effect on public debt levels in the long-run. However, none of the variables show a significant relationship with public debt of levels of The Gambia in the short-run.1. Introduction
2. Analysis of The Gambia’s Public Debt Portfolio
3. Literature Review
4. Methodology and Data
5. Analysis of Results and Discussion
6. ConclusionmasterpublishedSaikouna E. JARJ
evidence from Kenya
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2021As the world becomes increasingly digitized, a number of policy instruments are being leveraged by governments to enhance the digital literacy of their citizens. Among some of these instruments, is the 1-to-1 (one child per laptop) educational computing initiative that is being adopted in schools. Some developing countries, in spite of their limited budget and challenges around digital technology, have toyed with the idea of employing this initiative to enhance their local digital literacy, alongside other digital literacy programs. This is evidenced by the numerous pilot programs in countries like China, Sri‐Lanka, Rwanda, Mexico, just to name but a few. But is such a method really feasible, especially if it were to be implemented within the entire public education system of a given country?
This paper tries to find an answer to that by examining the 1-to-1 initiative that was implemented in Kenya beginning 2016. Through the case study of Kakamega Municipality located in one of Kenya’s prominent cities, Kakamega, it assesses how the program evolved on the ground vis-à-vis the government’s program design. This study opts to analyze that and then draw out implications from the experience.
The finding is that implementing 1-to-1 initiative within the public schools (and on a national scale) in a developing country is quite hard due to a number of reasons, one of them being lack of adequate financial resources. As such in the quest to enhance the digital literacy levels of its citizens, alternatives are necessary. And if the 1 to 1 initiative is insisted upon, proper foundations have to be laid. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
SECTION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
SECTION 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SECTION 4. RESULTS
SECTION 5: DISCUSSION
SECTION 6: CONCLUSION
SECTION 7: REFERENCES
SECTION 8: THE APPENDIX masterpublishedSocrates John LUSEK