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Strengthening monitoring and evaluation to promote effective policy implementation in education sector of Somalia
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021Implementation of education policies remains a challenge due to the lack of proper utilization of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes in the education. Effective monitoring of education is, therefore, crucial to ensure that education activities meet their aims and objectives in terms of quality and their ability to impact the desired knowledge. The study seeks to establish how strengthening M&E could promote effective policy implementation in the education sector of Somalia. It also evaluates how effective the current M&E system in the education sector in Somalia is for improving the implementation of education policies; identifies key factors, the problems and challenges facing the current M&E system and their causes, and suggests how to enhance the M&E system in education policy implementation. The study adapted a case study design and analytic framework to analyse and compare M&E systems used in education from five different countries. The study deliberately selected a cases of countries that have implemented successful and effective M&E systems. It used both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interview guides which targeted Ministry of Education officials and other experts in the education sector. Secondary data was collected through desk reviews of selected countries that meet the criteria for selection. The study through qualitative comparative analyse (QCA) then examined patterns of similarities and differences across selected cases on M&E in the education. The research established there are no similarities between Somalia and most of the countries of South Africa in terms of M&E Models, however, the National government overs the M&E implementation across the country at different levels, in a country such as Uganda the National and District education offices ensures compliance with the ministry of education and sports norms and guidelines and educational performance that enables the collection of data at different levels of education management. The results amongst others indicated that the guidelines provided by policy documents in a country such as Rwanda are coordinated from the national levels, they also develop district education M&E plans, which are expected to be consistent with the strategic and policy priorities, outcomes, and outputs of the Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP) and M&E is conducted through Joint Annual Review. The data of the study also established that Somalia has also put in place policy guidelines designed to establish a system that puts in place common structures and standards across the education sector for tracking progress in the implementation of all Government education policies and programs which is similar to the case of Kenya. Based on the findings the ministry of education needs to establish a strong independent M&E division that handles all M&E activities, improve the coordination between education stakeholders and allocate an adequate budget it.1 INTRODUCTION
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONmasterpublishedKhadija Abdullahi JIMAL
Three essays on well-being in Africa
Get PDFThesis(Doctoral) -- KDI School: Ph.D in Public Policy, 2021This dissertation analyses the effect of diverse policies on well-being in Africa. The chapter 1 assesses the causal effects of School Feeding Program (SFP) on socio-economic outcomes in Cote d’Ivoire. Using a Difference in Difference methodology (DID), we found that the impact of this intervention is rather mixed and some educational outcomes appeared to be gender-specific. The chapter 2 examines the impact of aid development projects on child’s nutrition in West Africa. We made use of two-way fixed effects estimators with heterogeneous treatment effects methodology and found evidence that development aid projects significantly increase child’s nutrition status of those close to project locations compared to those who are far. The chapter 3 analyses the effect of new mining activities on local populations’ living conditions. To reach our objective, we utilized a Difference in Difference methodology and found that mining activities in our selected area impact positively and significantly the living condition of the local population. Based on each finding, we drew some policy implications.Chapter 1. Socio-economic Impacts of School Feeding Program in Cote d’Ivoire
Chapter 2. Impact of Aid Development Projects on Child’s Nutrition in West Africa
Chapter 3. Impact of New Mining Activities on Local Population Conditions: Evidence from Agbaou Gold Mining in Cote d’IvoiredoctoralpublishedAke Paul Michel YAY
Constructing efficient portfolios of low-carbon technologies
No full textTo foster the development, multiple sources of uncertainty associated with benefits and costs of innovation portfolios from low carbon investment need to be considered. We apply Modern Portfolio Theory to construct efficient portfolios of different low-carbon technology fields. The empirical framework is applied to four countries (i.e., Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and France) for six low-carbon technology fields (i.e., renewable energy, smart grid, energy efficiency, sustainable transport, carbon capture and storage, and nuclear power) categorized based on priority areas of the EU's 2008 Strategic Energy Technology Plan. The four main findings are: (1) the highest priority technology fields with the minimum risk portfolio are nuclear power in Germany, renewable energy in the United Kingdom, and energy efficiency in Italy and France, (2) the highest priority technology field with the maximum risk portfolio is sustainable transport in Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, and smart grid in Italy, (3) sustainable transport declines in priority as risk decreases in the portfolios of Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, while smart grid declines in priority as risk decreases in the portfolio in Italy, and (4) the presence of negative correlations over time among expected Return on Investments across energy technology fields improves using the Modern Portfolio Theory framework as risk diversification strategy. Our analysis provides efficient portfolios of low-carbon technologies, which can help shape the overall strategy and coordinate each country's comparative advantage by proposing new laws and policies, monitoring existing ones, and managing budget.1
Exploring Factors on Identity of Korean Diaspora: Perspectives of Millennial Generation
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the major factors affecting the development of national identity of the Millennial Korean diasporas in the CIS countries that have rarely been explored in previous studies. In particular, this study examines how perceived identities have changed due to social, cultural, and other environmental changes and suggests policy considerations accordingly. Research design, data, and methodology: This study collected data via online survey. Factor and regression analyses were applied for data analysis. Results: The findings of this study suggest a set of factors that is different from the factors generally known to affect the diasporic identities of diasporas. The results of this study provide policy implications to help them construct identities that could more positively define their diasporic lives and relationship with homeland. Conclusions: The factors of direct experiences, such as relationship with host societies and homeland experience, exhibited strong relationship with national identity and life satisfaction of the Millennial Korean diasporas in the CIS countries. The unique characteristics of the Millennials and the long history of separation from homeland showed different results. The results of this study suggest policy considerations in regard to the Millennial diasporas in the CIS countries.2
문화국가로의 도약
No full text한국개발연구원(KDI)이 개원 50주년을 맞아, 향후 50년을 내다보며 한국경제의 새로운 패러다임을 제시한 연구서를 발간했다. 한국경제가 성장과 정체의 기로에 놓인 지금, 지금까지 한국의 눈부신 경제성장 과정에서 경제ㆍ사회정책을 설계하는 데 중추적 역할을 수행한 KDI가 한국경제의 미래를 제시했다는 점에서 의미가 크다.
저자들이 구상하는 한국의 미래는 지속가능한 경제성장을 추구하는 동시에 한국 국민들이 행복한 삶을 누리는 국가다. 저자들은 이를 실현하기 위한 핵심 과제로 삶의 질 개선, 기술혁명 대응과 산업경쟁력 강화, 인구구조 변화 대응 등 3가지를 꼽고, 경제를 비롯해 문화, 복지, 남북문제 등 10가지 주제를 선정해 한국형 선진국으로 나아가기 위한 구체적인 대안과 지향점을 모색했다.발간사 (최정표) 5
서 론 (이호준)
1. 3만 달러 시대의 대한민국과 다가올 도전들 17
2. 미래를 향한 비전 30
1장 글로벌 경쟁력 향상을 통한 역동성 강화(정규철)
1. 한국경제의 성장세 둔화38
2. 내수 중심 경제성장의 의미 43
3. 제조업시장에서의 글로벌 경쟁 50
4. 서비스업의 중요성과 글로벌 경쟁력 54
5. 지향점 58
2장 고부가가치ㆍ선도형 산업구조의 확립 (남창우)
1. 한국 산업구조의 현황 66
2. 한국 산업의 비전 79
3. 한국 산업의 발전을 위한 추진 전략 84
3장 투명하고 활기차며 공정한 시장생태계의 구현 (이진국)
1. 연구의 배경 90
2. 재벌의 특징과 현상 91
3. 재벌 중심 시장생태계에 대한 우려 96
4. 시장생태계의 지향점과 추진 전략 102
4장 삶의 질과 경제적 풍요가 공존하는 노동시장 (박우람)
1. 근로시간을 효율적으로 활용하는 노동시장 112
2. 생산성에 따라 임금이 공정하게 결정되는 노동시장 118
3. 노동자와 사용자가 협력하는 노동시장 125
5장 평생학습사회 구현 (박윤수)
1. 지향점 제시 132
2. 초ㆍ중등교육 134
3. 고등교육 145
4. 성인기 교육ㆍ훈련 154
6장 문화국가로의 도약 (이창근)
1. 왜 문화국가인가? 162
2. 아직은 먼 문화국가라는 이상 165
3. 비전: 문화국가의 모습 173
4. 비전 달성을 위한 전략 181
7장 삶의 질 향상을 위한 똑똑한 정부 (윤지웅)
1. 연구의 배경 188
2. 문제점 190
3. 지향점: 똑똑한 정부로 최고의 삶의 질 제공204
4. 추진 전략 206
8장 거점형ㆍ분권형 지역 발전을 위한 행정체계 개편 (이호준)
1. 연구 배경과 문제점 214
2. 지향점 222
3. 단계적 추진 방안 234
9장 함께 만들어 가는 안전하고 행복한 복지사회 (이태석)
1. 환경 변화: 사회적 불확실성의 증가 244
2. 문제점: 복지제도의 구조적 개혁과 혁신의 필요성 248
3. 지향점: 국민행복 증진을 위한 복지제도 마련 252
4. 추진 전략: 복지혁신과 복지개혁의 지속적 추진 258
10장 북한경제 정상화와 남북경협의 미래 (정승호)
1. 연구의 배경과 문제점 272
2. 지향점 284
3. 추진 전략 295
부록 1‘3만 불 시대의 중장기 정책방향’에 관한 의견조사 결과 311
부록 2‘3만 불 시대의 중장기 정책방향’에 관한 의견조사―일반국민 322
부록 3‘3만 불 시대의 중장기 정책방향’에 관한 의견조사―기업인 336
저자소개 342TRU
Impossible Allies? When History and Security Collide: South Korea—Japan Relations in Context
No full textTo what degree are historical animosities regarding another country relevant for foreign policy in the face of changes in the security environment? This paper seeks to answer this question in the context of Korea–Japan relations. While pundits have pointed to the Korean public’s negative views of Japan—rooted in the colonial experience—as the explanation for the lack of cooperation between Japan and Korea in the security field, this paper argues changes in the level of common external threat can shift the public’s priorities from perceived historical injustices toward the needs of security. Surveys from the period when the security environment was shifting markedly—the final years of the Cold War (1986–1990)—reveal that public opinion regarding Japan relative to other powers in the region began to deteriorate only after the security environment improved, pointing to a limit to the extent that “history” trumps security.1
The effect of family planning exposure on fertility choices and reproductive health care in rural Pakistan
No full textThis paper investigates whether family planning exposure mainly through the Lady Health Worker Program has had any effect on women’s fertility choices and use of reproductive health care service in rural Pakistan, using the 2013 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). Exploiting variations in the program intensity across regions, we conduct instrumental variables (IV) estimation on the impact of family planning exposure on women’s fertility preferences and reproductive behaviors. Our analysis shows that even in the presence of strong son preferences in Pakistan, increasing family planning exposure reduces women’s incentive to have additional children. Moreover, family planning exposure is associated with more antenatal care visits, more deliveries performed by skilled professionals, and a greater chance of delivery at the health center. Finally, we examine the heterogeneity in the effect on fertility preference by age group and education level, and find that the effect is mainly significant for the educated and young women.1
The Impact of Minimum Wage Policy on Employment in Myanmar
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the minimum wage policy and the employment labor force in Myanmar by exploring firms’ actions such as installing supplementary machines to substitute for labor resources and by addressing gender issues in employment. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper applies a fixed-effect estimation method by using the World Bank’s enterprise panel data set surveyed in Myanmar. Results: Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces both full-time and part-time employment, while the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. The adverse impacts are more pronounced for female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and enterprises located in the less-populated regions. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute for labor after the minimum wage policy implementation; as a result, full-time employment slightly decreases. Conclusions: Appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be prepared by the government and institutions related to the labor union to serve the well-being of employees. Government of Myanmar should fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year for both employers and employees to prevent possible issues and losses resulting from the minimum wage being set.2
focus on green loan policy
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2021The world environment has been damaged by human activities and natural disasters. This is further exacerbated by climate change. The concept of sustainable banking is one instrument to deal with climate change in the banking sector. Governments and private companies are applying these goals in their policy and business strategies. Because Financial Institutions are critical players to support and provide sufficient funding for the project. The linkage between climate change, the banking system, and central banks has become closer. Central banks are gaining a critical role in driving their sustainability in the financial system. However, the scope of sustainable banking and bank’s businesses is enormous. This study focuses on banks’ green loan policies.
The study will analyze the factors which affect the green loan policies and enhance the resilience and sustainability of the environment and the banking sector. From the research question “What determines the green loan policy from a bank perspective”, increasing business opportunities, better risk management, and enhancing their reputation among stakeholders are 3 factors that will incentivize banks to integrate green loan policy. The data are divided into 4 parts - bank performance analysis, stock price response, consumer survey, and bank employee survey. It looks at the effect of green policy on business opportunities and risk management as well as the effect between financial performance and sustainability performance. The bank’s reputation from the investors’ point of view is measured through the effect of environmental events/news and environment disclosure score on the bank’s stock price. Customers’ attitudes on the reputation of green loan granting banks and linkage between obstacles and effective policy in employees’ view are examined. To examine the linkage between green loan and business opportunities, the financial data, sustainability score, environment events/news, and stock prices of 5 significant banks in Thailand from 2015 – 2019 was used. The data is then loaded into the SPSS software for analysis and hypothesis testing.
This study aims to explore how are green loans increase the financial performance of Thai banks, and but does not confirm that green loans lead to better credit risk management. Environmental factors also have an impact on banks’ reputations. Environmental disclosure score affects the stock price which represents investors' perception. The customers’ attitude influences the reputation of green loan-granting banks. And the right obstacle defining leads the effectiveness of the central bank policy support. The Central bank should launch the policy to enhance interest in green lending. The green loan policies should have an impact on the bank’s financial performance, risk management, and/or reputation directly or indirectly to motivate banks to grant green loans. The voluntary policy will be boosted through non-financial incentives and financial incentive policies. However, the central bank should define the root cause of obstacles in designing practical policies. Regulation is not the only key to drive green lending. The banks’ reputation from the perspectives of both customers and investors confirms the concept that they are interested in green banking concept. The Central bank’s event or reward system on environmental concerns such as green banking reward will put pressure on the sector and increase awareness of green banking. It will also signal that the central bank is focusing on a new target.
As green banking is a new concept in Thailand, the number of studies and data on the green loan is remarkably limited. The conclusion of the impact of the green loan on those motivating factors may early to decide the conclusion. Recommendations for improving the research are provided in the last part of this research.Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Chapter 3 Role and Challenging of BOT on green loan policy
Chapter 4 Research Methodology
Chapter 5 Data Collection
Chapter 6 Research Result from Quantitative data
Chapter 7 Research Result from Questionnaire
Chapter 8 Discussion and Policy RecommendationmasterpublishedTanaracht PRUKPRAKAR
FinTech Megatrends: An Assessment of Their Industrial and Welfare Implications
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the industrial and welfare implications of FinTech as documented in the literature, by focusing on its four subsectors - online capital-raising platforms, alternative payment systems, AI and robot based investment consultancy, and alternative regulatory compliance service. Key findings obtained include: thanks to the advancement in the technologies of relevancy since the 1990s, the FinTech service providers have greatly enhanced both efficiency of financial intermediation and extent of financial inclusion in the developed as well as developing countries; these alternative financial service providers tend to narrow credit gap caused by information asymmetry between borrower and lender by collecting and utilizing soft data for ex ante credit evaluation; however, some concerns are also raised as to the likelihood of over-leverage by certain segments of P2P platform borrowers, the lack of appropriate skin-in-the-game arrangement in sharing ex post credit losses, and the inadequate consumer protection measures in the face of the heightened cyber-security risk. Based on these findings, an assessment is made as to whether or not the sector is capable of instituting a fullblown risk-based, or marginal-cost, pricing for embedded credit risk. In addition, one particular segment of the FinTech service providers, those affiliated with BigTech companies, is examined in terms of its potential contribution to social welfare not only through posing a heightened competition and contestability to existing financial institutions but also through innovation- and information-sharing among firms within their ecosystems. Included as the main contents in the study are trends and institutional characteristics of the four FinTech sub-sectors, financial theories of relevancy, the FinTech’s welfare implications, and the regulatory issues to be considered for the sector