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an empirical analysis of Korea's affirmative action
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2021This research aims to empirically evaluate whether the affirmative action in Korea has contributed to improving women representation in management at a workplace-level, utilizing the data collected from Workplace Panel Survey (WPS) from 2005 to 2015 by every other year. To verify the causality, this study basically follows the same logic as a difference-in-differences model, exploiting the fact that only workplaces of which total number of workers exceeds the policy criterion are subject to the affirmative action.
In addition, this study takes into account and addresses two critical issues, which may lead to endogeneity problems, stemming from the way the policy was introduced and intrinsic features of workplaces: (a) variation in treatment timing between the two treated groups and (b) variation in total number of workers over time at some workplaces. The empirical results were mixed and not robust to the analysis methods, measures of employment of female managers, suggesting the affirmative action had been ineffective in expanding employment of female managers.masterpublishedYoobin KWO
An Assessment of the impact of trust and rule of law based on the legal framework of the Philippine Covid-19 response in engaging Filipino citizens
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021Statement of the problem: Do trust and rule of law play a role in engaging people in following the health protocols1 of COVID‐19 response to reduce the high rate of COVID‐19 infections in the Philippines?
Methods, techniques, and data used: The research method used for this study followed the WHO standard research protocol (Betsch C W. L., 2020). The questionnaire is provided at this link. The researcher used an “online survey of nonprobability sampling (Vehovar V, 2016) to recruit” respondents by posting the said survey on social media sites, asking the overall population (individuals aged ≥”18 years) to answer the” said survey.
Perceptions on individual risk were determined “across age groups using an ANOVA model using risk perception as the dependent variable and age as the independent variable (four age groups).
The following correlation was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient:
1) “Between crisis management attitudes and compliance with” behavioral guidelines as well as “between attitudes toward crisis management and perceptions of economic threat”.
2) “Between the most credible spokesperson (independent variable) and attitudes toward crisis management” (dependent variable).
3) “Between the total impression of danger and the threat” to one''s livelihood.
4) “Between perceptions of total risk and attitudes towards” how the government has handled the pandemic.
The result of the “correlation between attitudes” towards "crisis management and behavioral guidelines compliance" were then compared to the existing literature on how the lockdown was implemented on the ground based on two laws, the Bayanihan To Heal as One Act as well as the Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act using the lens of the International Health Regulation (IHR) as well as the Siracusa Principles which “are legally binding on the” Philippine Government.
Major findings of the study: Risk Perception:
Thirty‐four percent (34%) of the study sample perceived the the likelihood of contracting the new coronavirus as moderate with a mean score of 4.02 (95% CI 3.53 ‐ 4.52; scale 1 ‐ 7); The same is also true with perceived susceptibility as a result of an infection with coronavirus (34%) with a mean score of 4.22 (95% CI 3.72 ‐ 4.71; scale 1 ‐ 7) as well as perceived severity of contracting the novel coronavirus with a mean score of 4.17 (95% CI 3.73 ‐ 4.62; scale 1 ‐ 7).
It appears that the higher the age, the higher is the perceived probability, susceptibility, and severity of contracting the coronavirus infection. This finding is consistent with CDC’s, 2020 findings as well as that of Gesser‐Edelsburg A, 2020:8 who indicates that because of the severity of their sickness, older adults are the most vulnerable.
“Higher risk perceptions” were fundamentally connected with preventive health practices including washing hands, donning masks, and practicing social distancing (Sarah Dryhurst, 2020 as cited in Ro, 2020). It may mean therefore that overall; the respondents have a moderate response towards the health protocols of the pandemic. However, males, those with children as well as 51‐65 years old age bracket have slightly better health behavior towards COVID‐19. On the other hand, males, college graduates, as well as those living alone have fair health behavior towards COVID‐19.
Knowledge of COVID‐19:
93.48% of the respondents answered correctly that there is at present no treatment or vaccine2 for Covid‐19. While 91.3% correctly answered the question about maximum incubation period3 of the novel coronavirus. The same is true with symptoms of the coronavirus, 97.83% answered fever and shortness of breath. While 95.65% answered cough. However, 98% of the respondents fail to recognize nausea or vomiting as a symptom. The same is true for congestion or runny nose at 61%. Another is fatigue at 35%, muscle or body aches at 26%, headache, and diarrhea at 22%, new aversion to a particular flavor or odor at 20%, sore throat at 11%, fever at 2%.
Preventive Measures Taken:
The response on "I know how to defend myself against the coronavirus" is on the positive side of the Likert scale, with a mean score of 5.65 (95% CI 5.36 – 5.94: scale 1 ‐ 7). This is also the same with the responses on preventive measures taken, especially ‘wearing a face mask’ which registered 100%. Fears and Worries About COVID‐19:
Worry and fear are more significant than responses to the government’s trust and perceived vulnerability. Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Research method
Results
Discussion
Limitations and future directions
Conclusion masterpublishedGiovanni Solano VILLAFUERT
an empirical analysis of the Ecowas region
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021Foreign Direct Investment is a key tool for stimulating economic growth, especially in developing countries where poverty remains a key challenge. As such, there is a need to comprehensively understand the dynamics of this economic tool for better policy recommendations. The overall objective of this research study is to examine the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Export, a crucial component of economic growth. Specifically, this study intends to explore the causality effect between Foreign Direct Investment and Export. This study explores annual time series data over the period of 1971-2019 from the World bank open data. The study employed Panel Vector Autoregressive (VAR) approach and the Vector Auto Regression (VAR) Granger causality test to analyze the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and export in the ECOWAS region. According to the findings, 1% increase in previous values of FDI for these countries causes the increase in FDI by 0.5 % whilst 1% increase in previous values of export increases FDI by 0.7 %. Likewise, there is an unidirectional causality from export to foreign direct investment1 INTRODUCTION
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4 DISCUSSION OF RESEULTS
5 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedEvans Elikem ADJE
스마트 공장과 노동수요의 변화
No full text본 연구는 사업체패널에 새롭게 포함된 스마트공장 관련 정보들을 활용하여 스마트공장이 노동 수요에 미칠 영향을 추정해보았다. 분석 결과, 공장 스마트화의 초기단계에서는 생산직에 대한 수요가 줄어들 가능성이 높은 것으로 관찰된다. 생산직은 고도화 단계에서 더 크게 수요가 감소할 가능성이 높다. 그러나 관리직 및 전문직, 사무직은 상대적으로 부정적 영향을 덜 받으며, 이는 고도화 단계에서 나타나는 새로운 작업 수요 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 제품 다양화를 추진하는 사업체들의 경우 고용에 미치는 부정적인 영향이 상대적으로 작은 것으로 나타난다.
패널에 포함된 사업체들은 고도화에 따르는 인원 감축에도 불구하고 수요가 감소하는 생산직을 교육훈련을 통해 다른 직종으로 이동시키지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 반면 고도화에 따라 내부훈련을 통해 대응하는 정도가 더 높아지는데, 이것은 관리직 및 전문직에 대한 수요가 공정 스마트화 수준이 향상되어도 크게 줄지 않는 이유를 설명하는데 도움을 준다.
The effects of citizen knowledge on the effectiveness of government communications on nuclear energy policy in south korea
Get PDFBy analyzing survey data on nuclear energy policy in South Korea, this study examined the influence of citizens’ knowledge on the perceptions of and attitudes to government communication initiatives that are characterized by symmetry and transparency, and their effects in developing institutional legitimacy and policy acceptance. The findings indicate that symmetrical and transparent communication are involved in forming institutional legitimacy and policy acceptance of government decisions on the controversial topic of nuclear energy, but the process differs de-pending on citizens’ knowledge of the topic. Well-informed citizens who used reasoning were more likely than others to respond positively to symmetrical and transparent communication, which shaped their support for institutional legitimacy and policy acceptance on nuclear energy policy issues. These findings provide some of the first empirical evidence of the effectiveness of government communication.1
Secondary sanctions mechanism revisited: the case of US sanctions against North Korea
No full textThis chapter explores the mechanism of secondary sanctions in light of US sanctions against North Korea during the period 2016 and 2017. I propose a game theoretic framework that captures the sanction dynamics among a leading sender, target and third party with the weapons technology advancing over time. I show that additional secondary sanctions in response to the maturing technology that could lead to target compliance depends on how much more costly it becomes for the target to give up the technology as well as the third party’s voluntary sanction level. I examine the ways in which US secondary sanctions together with the UNSC Resolutions coerced China to rachet up its sanction level against North Korea and ultimately contributed to get North Korea out to the negotiation table in 2019.TRU
Analysis of the potential impacts of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements on Ethiopian economy
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 20211. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Data and methodologies
4. Result and discussion
5. Conclusion, recommendations and policy implicationsmasterpublishedWubishet Kassa BAHIR
adapting international strategies based on the un-wide programming framework
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2021Africa is a continent where young populations are most prevalent in the world. Although they bring much potential to the continent, the youth of Africa face different social, political and economic challenges. As part of a way to solve such challenges, a movement has surfaced in the international community using sport as a tool, which also can be seen in the youth of Africa. Subsequently, sports-related international strategies were created and advocated by multinational organizations around the world. The current study begins with questioning whether these strategies are well reflected in sports programmes targeting African youth. To address this question, the study analyses African youth sports programmes currently being conducted by governmental agencies and organizations. As a research tool for the case study, an existing evaluation framework to assess sport for youth development programmes was used, which was modified by adding vital factors and issues emphasized in relevant strategies. As a result, it was found that most of the programmes take into consideration the underlined challenges stipulated in the international strategies especially by striving to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015. However, technical dimensions such as pedagogies, evaluation frameworks, policies to realize purposed goals of programmes were deficient. Also, sustainability of the programmes differed depending on the policy contexts of each country. Therefore, one limitation that calls for careful attention is that most of the outcome and output of the programmes were hard to be analyzed due to the lack of detailed monitoring and evaluation systems of the government organization. In conclusion, as the case studies show, the Sport for Development programmes should focus on solving the real challenges faced with youth of Africa by in-depth and long term research rather than by following the international strategies on surface.Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
Ⅱ. INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENTS OF SPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND THE YOUTH OF AFRICA
Ⅲ. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SPORT PROGRAMMES FOR THE YOUTH OF AFRICA
Ⅳ. DESIGNING AN EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR SPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN AFRICA
Ⅴ. CASE STUDIES USING THE EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
Ⅵ. CONCLUSION AND CONTRIBUTIONmasterpublishedSung Hae HON
an empirical study on K-REACH and CCA
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021This paper investigates the impact of K-REACH and CCA on innovation, based on the “weak” version of the Porter Hypothesis (PH), using both panels of manufacturing industries and firms in South Korea during 2011-2018. In 2015, South Korea newly enforced two stringent chemical regulations, the K-REACH and CCA to protect public health and the environment from chemical disasters. Given there are only very few relevant studies, our analysis will be the first attempt to examine the PH that a well-crafted environmental policy induces innovation activities of firms. Our empirical results are based on sequential adoption of the quasi-experimental method of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and the Difference in Differences (DID) estimation as well as a standard panel regression. With the innovation activities being measured by R&D expenditure, the number of patent applications, entry rate of new firms and exit rate of existing firms, we find no evidence to support the PH.1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. An overview of K-REACH and Chemicals Control Act (CCA)
4. Data and methods
5. Estimation results
6. Conclusion
7. Reference
8. AppendixmasterpublishedSoyeon MI
Accelerating Regional Development of the Outer Islands: The Implementation of Special Economic Zones in Indonesia, 2011–18
No full textEconomic development efforts in Indonesia have long focused on Java, home to more than half of Indonesia’s population, which has exacerbated disparities with the outer islands. To address the issue, the Indonesian government established a number of special economic zones (kawasan ekonomi khusus) in 2011. Efforts to promote business development within the zones faced two challenges: inadequate infrastructure and burdensome government rules and procedures. In response, the government established administrators as integrated one-stop service centers to manage all necessary business activities. Central and local governments also worked together with special economic zone operators to build critical infrastructure to connect local resources to global markets. These policies helped drive more economic activities in the special economic zones, though, as of 2020, further efforts were necessary to address unequal regional development across Indonesia