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Investigating Factors of Higher Education on Job Satisfaction, Globalization, and Hosting Country
Full text linkPurpose: Previous studies have rarely examined the role of higher education for human capital development in the case of Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of higher education for international students in globalized environment on job satisfaction, globalization, and hosting country. Research questions include the following: i) how do application and improvement on work, performance, self-confidence, and use of network affect job satisfaction; ii) how do leadership, policy improvement, public diplomacy, social responsibility and global competence affect globalization?; iii) how do affective, cognitive, and behavioral components affect attitude of hosting country? Research design, data, and methodology: Online survey and interviews were conducted. For quantitative research, this study applied factor and structural equational modeling, while for qualitative research, this study applied cognitive mapping and sentimental analysis. Results: This study found that most of proposed effects showed significant. The results showed consistent for quantitative and qualitative researches. Conclusions: The results implied that higher education in global environment plays a key role to enhance job satisfaction, globalization, and attitude toward the hosting country and contributes to foster international relations significantly. The results also implied that human capital development in globalized environment helps improve global network and public diplomacy.2
Trade Liberalization and Manufacturing Productivity Changes in Korea during the Past Three Decades
Full text linkThe main objective of this study is to determine whether there have been TFP increases in the Korean manufacturing sector due to trade liberalization since the 1990s. Based on the methodology proposed by Pavcnik (2002), which focuses on the channel through which trade liberalization measures enhance overall industrial productivity by triggering the exit of low-productivity firms, this study tests the following two hypotheses: first, the TFP increase in the Korean tradable industry is not higher than that in the non-tradable industry, and second, plants with lower TFP levels did not exit from the tradable industry. Through the rejection of these two hypotheses, it is possible to infer indirectly the effect of trade liberalization on firm productivity rates in Korea since the 1990s. First, this analysis reveals that since the 1990s, the TFP of the tradable sector compared to the non-tradable sector presented a statistically meaningful increase only in the 2000s, when China joined the WTO and trade increased sharply between Korea and China. Secondly, TFP growth in the tradable sector was positively affected by exits, as it was plants with lower TFP levels that ceased to exist
The Impact of Financial Inclusion Initiatives: A Meta-analysis
Full text linkDeveloping inclusive financial system is an important policy intervention to create opportunities for e economic development, reduce poverty and improve the livelihood of the poor. Despite the growing and focused research interest on financial inclusion, empirical findings on the role of financial inclusion to accelerate economic development are mixed and inconclusive. This limits the building of a cumulative and conclusive evidence base to inform policies and strategies to address financial exclusion. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies on the impact of financial inclusion and unravel the sources of inconsistencies in financial inclusion studies. The study extracts and analyzes, through meta-regression analysis, the dependent and independent variables and estimates from 67 empirical studies. The results indicate that empirical research on financial inclusion conflates two related but distinct concepts of participation of the poor in the formal and informal financial sectors. There is also inconsistent measurement of financial inclusion and outcome indicators. Overall, regardless of the inconsistency in measurement, financial inclusion has a statistically significant positive effect on household livelihood outcomes. We note that the inconsistent in measurement and quality of the empirical evidence raises concerns about the reliability of the overall findings
Samoa:2021 Article IV Consultation
No full textSamoa has shown resilience to past economic shocks, underpinned by the authorities’ strong commitment to support the economy and financial assistance provided by the international community. Samoa was among the first countries in the world to secure its border to protect its citizens from COVID-19. The authorities’ quick response to the measles outbreak and the global pandemic has identified the policy priorities well. The international community also responded swiftly, including the IMF disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) in April 2020 which helped unlock record budget support grants by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB). The authorities strengthened the health care system and provided support to the private sector, with assistance targeted to vulnerable businesses and households to safeguard livelihoods
The effects of environmental policies on embodied emissions
No full textIn the absence of a global greenhouse gas reduction mechanism, the EU adopted the strongest climate mitigation policy in the world. As a result of this, there are concerns about the challenges faced by EU carbon-intensive and trade exposed countries and industries as well as regarding the effective contribution of EU climate policies to GHG emission reductions. One the one hand, competitiveness may be harmed due to the unilateral nature of climate mitigation policy and the impact this can have on trade flows and balances. On the other hand, European demand for foreign carbon-intensive good may increase, potentially offsetting any emission reduction efforts. In this analysis, we assess whether and how embodied emissions in traded goods have changed over time, particularly in response to the implementation of climate mitigation policies. We find evidence that stringent environmental policies are associated with lower emissions intensity and lower exported emissions. But we do not find conclusive evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis: our results do not support the existence of carbon leakage from the EU in aggregated terms. Further analysis on more disaggregated sector level emission data is under way within INNOPATHS and will represent an important refinement of our findings.TRU
메타버스 산업의 이해와 정책과제
No full text제1장 서 론
제1절 메타버스의 부상
제2절 메타버스의 개념과 특징
제3절 보고서의 구성
제2장 메타버스 생태계의 구조와 작동원리
제1절 메타버스 가치사슬
제3장 메타버스의 적용 사례
제1절 제조 분야
제2절 마케팅 활동
제3절 업무 및 교육 분야
제4절 문화⋅예술⋅여가 분야
제4장 메타버스의 산업적 가능성
제1절 서 론
제2절 경제적 관점에서 본 메타버스
제3절 기업들이 보는 메타버스 산업의 변화 양상
제4절 우리나라 메타버스 산업의 경쟁력
제5장 메타버스 산업의 발전을 위한 정책과제
제1절 지원정책의 방향성
제2절 메타버스 산업 관련 법적 쟁점
참고문헌
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Growth and happiness in China, 1990–2015
No full textIn the past quarter century China’s real GDP per capita has multiplied over five times, an unprecedented feat. By 2012 virtually every urban household had, on average, a color TV, air conditioner, washing machine, and refrigerator. Almost nine in ten had a personal computer, and one in five, an automobile. Rural households lagged somewhat behind urban, but these same symptoms of affluence, which were virtually nonexistent in the countryside in 1990, had become quite common by 2012. In the face of such new-found plenitude, one would suppose that the population’s feelings of well-being would have enjoyed a similar multiplication. Yet, as will be discussed, well-being today is probably less than in 1990. This chapter, which builds on a prior study, describes the evolution of China’s well-being in the quarter century since 1990 and suggests the likely reasons for the disparate trajectories of subjective well-being (SWB) and GDP per capita (hereafter, simply GDP). The terms subjective well-being, life satisfaction, and happiness are used here interchangeably, and refer to people’s overall evaluation of their lives. The chapter also describes important differences in subjective well-being among various groups in the population and notes some possible reasons for these differences.TRU
Institutions and foreign aid effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021Many African countries heavily depend on foreign aid, however, the fact that most countries in the region record low income per capita despite receiving huge amounts of aid resources brings an obvious question about the validity of aid as a means to supporting economic growth and consequently eradicating extreme poverty in Africa. This study sought to examine the effect of six different dimensions of institutional/governance quality on aid effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings indicate that overall aid has a positive but small effect on economic growth in the sub-region. Furthermore, the effect of institutions on foreign aid effectiveness is positive above a threshold level of aid and negative below the threshold. Among the six dimensions of institutional quality examined ‘control of corruption’ has the most significant influence on aid effectiveness followed by ‘rule of law’ and ‘regulatory quality’. The main policy recommendation this paper provides is that increasing aid inflows to the region must be complemented by efforts to control corruption, advance rule of law, and improving regulatory quality for foreign aid to have a significant effect on economic growth.masterpublishedAdama CEESA
Increasing Participation of the Urban Poor in Governance in Ghana, 2011–15
No full textRapid urbanization and economic development in Ghana since the 1990s led to a rise in the number of informal settlements and slums. By 2010, more than half of the urban population lived in such communities, and many lacked access to public services. Most inhabitants also had little to no knowledge about their rights as citizens and had no say in the allocation of public resources. In an effort to remedy the situation, the city governments of two of the country’s biggest cities—Accra and Sekondi-Takoradi—introduced reforms in their planning and budgeting process through the IncluCity project. An international nonprofit organization named Global Communities led implementation of the project from October 2011 to September 2015.
The overarching objective was to improve participation of the urban poor in governance by enhancing their ability to advocate for quality services and to hold elected officials accountable. To achieve those objectives, the implementation team had to bring together two diverse groups: (a) community members who had little understanding of their rights and responsibilities, and (b) local government officials who had little knowledge of why and how to engage the urban poor. Project staff members first identified and tried to understand the gaps in services provided by local governments; then the staff promoted common understanding between both parties by training them in community engagement processes and by providing platforms for frequent interaction. With the help of the Accra and Sekondi-Takoradi assemblies, the team next empowered community members to come up with development initiatives and built trust between community members and the local governments through partial sponsorship of some community initiatives. Sustaining community engagement after the project ended in 2015 proved to be a challenge, but the initiative had a lasting effect in shifting the governance paradigm to a more bottom-up process
Innovating Inter-Agency Collaboration for a Smart Emergency Response System: Daejeon Smart City Operation Center, 2010-2017
No full textFacing a rise in crime and emergency situations, Daejeon—the fifth-most populous city of the Republic of Korea—collaborated with the national government to implement a “smart city” solution that enabled real-time sharing of information for criminal investigations and emergency responses. Reorganizing government agencies and integrating municipal technology infrastructure (such as closed-circuit televisions) presented significant coordination challenges. From when implementation began in 2008, Daejeon had to overcome multiple institutional barriers to enable real-time sharing of data.
In 2013, Daejeon finally opened its Smart City Operation Center, which brought 10 departments with related responsibilities together from different public agencies. A year later, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT) selected Daejeon to pilot the research and development of a smart platform for emergency responses at a national level. Together, MOLIT and Daejeon city officials integrated information systems and introduced a holistic system of smart emergency responses. The national government provided technical, financial, and institutional support to fill gaps in the local government’s authority and capacity.
The smart emergency response system helped boost citizen safety in Daejeon. Integrated communications systems decreased the average emergency response time in Daejeon from about 7.5 minutes to less than 6.0 minutes. Crime in the city decreased by 5.0 percent, and the arrest rate increased by 7.7 percent. Daejeon became a national model, with dozens of other Korean cities implementing similar systems by 2021