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Mental Health Consequences of Working from Home during the Pandemic
No full textThis paper examines the effects of working from home on mental health, with particular attention to the role of home environments. Using unique real time survey data from South Korea collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we find that working from home negatively affects the mental health of workers, with greater effects on women and those who are primarily responsible for housework while also maintaining market work. Surprisingly, workers who live with children in the household do not suffer from the negative effects of working from home. Our findings suggest that family-work interaction may be an important factor in the optimal design of working from home
Public sector corruption and perceived government performance in transition
No full textWe offer evidence that public sector corruption has an inverse association with evaluations of performance at both the local and central government levels. Consistent with ex ante expectations, perceptions of corruption among local government officials are directly and negatively related to performance evaluations at the local government level and relatively less so at the central government level. Conversely, perceptions of corruption among overall government officials have a stronger negative association with performance evaluations of central governments relative to performance evaluations of local governments. These results confirm that individual evaluations of public sector corruption affect perceived government performance evaluations, with local–local, local–central, central–local, and central–central level variances. Regressions by country groups—such as European Union membership, or geographic clusters, such as Southeastern Balkan or the former Soviet Union states—continue to support the core findings with one caveat. Results from two-level random intercepts and slopes regression models show that the negative association between perceived corruption and government performance evaluation is weaker in contexts with relatively higher levels of public corruption.1
Promoting equitable access to government services in Peru: The National Program PAIS (Platfroms of Actions for Social Inclusion)
Full text linkPeru is a country with considerable cultural and geographic diversity, and with wide socioeconomic disparities across the population. Historically, people living in the Andean and Amazonian regions of Peru have had less access to development gains than residents of other parts of the country. This delivery note examines a Peruvian government program that sought to address these gaps: the National Program of Action Platforms for Social Inclusion (Plataformas de Acción para la Inclusión Social; PAIS). The PAIS program aimed to promote more equitable access to public services. This program was meant to facilitate social inclusion by bringing public services (including health, education, civil registration and the issue of identity documents, capacity building, and social protection activities) closer to citizens who inhabited remote areas. These rural residents were often the most vulnerable and impoverished people in Peru. The program began with a pilot program led by the Peruvian Navy in a remote part of the Peruvian Amazon in 2013. It was subsequently expanded, first across the Amazon region and then across the Andean parts of Peru. Since 2016 PAIS has been led by the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (MIDIS), facilitating its national reach. This note discusses the origins of the program, examines how it was scaled up, and the delivery challenges (non-technical challenges that emerged during implementation) that the PAIS had to confront during this process
A Psychological Process of Bureaucratic Whistleblowing: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior
No full textWhistleblowing is a psychological process that involves the calculation of risks and benefits. While there exists a broad range of research on whistleblowing in the public sector, previous studies have not examined its entire process due to the limited focus on either whistleblowing intention or whistleblowing behavior. This study aims to fill this gap by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the whistleblowing context. Specifically, we examine how individual beliefs about the likely consequences of whistleblowing (attitude toward whistleblowing), others’ expectations about whistleblowing (subjective norm), and the capability of blowing the whistle (perceived behavioral control) influence public employees’ actual whistleblowing by way of their intention to report wrongdoings. A series of structural equation models are tested using data from the 2010 Merit Principles Survey. The findings show that the more the employees perceive that the consequences of whistleblowing are important, the more the key referents support whistleblowing, and the more the protections for whistleblowers are available, the more likely are their intentions to disclose wrongdoings and then actually engage in whistleblowing behavior. We conduct additional analyses for internal and external whistleblowers separately and find that there are both meaningful similarities and differences between the two groups. This study provides support for the validity of TPB as a theoretical framework for better understanding and explicating the psychological process of bureaucratic whistleblowing.1
Short sales restrictions and market quality: Evidence from Korea
No full textWe examine changes in volatility and market quality around the shorting ban during the 2008 global financial crisis in a unique policy environment in Korea. Using intraday quotes and transaction data, we find no evidence that the shorting ban increased volatility or worsened liquidity. While the ban was lifted only for nonfinancial stocks, the patterns of change in volatility and market quality were similar across nonfinancial and financial stocks, suggesting that the changes in volatility and market quality around the shorting ban and its removal were likely to have been driven by changes in overall market conditions rather than the shorting ban itself.
Singapore’s Migrant Workers and COVID-19 Responses: Policy Changes in Immigration and Critical Junctures
No full text본 연구는 국가 경제발전에 필수적인 역할을 해 온 싱가포르의 저숙련 이주노동자가 왜 코로나-19 대응 과정에서 차별적 배제의 대상이 되었는지 역사적 제도주의 관점에서 설명한다. 기존의 연구는 싱가포르가 작은 도시국가로서 자원 부족과 지리적 약점을 극복하고 이주노동자와 외국인 투자 활용을 통해 성장하였으며, 다민족 간 사회적 하모니도 이룩한 것으로 평가받았다. 그러나, 코로나-19의 대응에서 가장 큰 피해집단으로 나타난 저숙련 이주노동자에 대한 배제는 단순히 인종차별적이거나 우발적으로 나타난 것이 아닌, 발전국가적 성격의 싱가포르 정부의 목표에 따라 이용·배제되어 왔으며, 역사적으로 중대 전환점(critical junctures)에서 새로운 대응과 제도화로 차별적 배제가 공고화된 것이다. 이는 점차 이주노동자 의존도가 높아져 가는 우리나라 및 아시아 국가에서 단순 하향식 이주노동자와 다문화정책으로는 사회적 조화 달성이 어렵다는 점을 시사한다.2
Impact of evaluation of the vocational training institutes in the Punjab province, Pakistan
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021This study examines the impact of the Vocational Training Institutes (VTIs) on employment in the Punjab province, Pakistan. I exploit the difference-in-difference and instrumental variable methods using data from Global Data Lab, Pakistan Board of Statistics (PBS) and Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). I find an increase in the employment rate of Punjab province in response to the implementation of the VTIs. The female employment increased significantly, but the male employment did not increase. I also find no increase in the high-level employment as a falsification test. The results suggest that the vocational training program plays a crucial role in improving labor market outcomes and gender gap in developing countries.1. INTRODUCTION
2. EVALUATION METHODS..
3. FINDINGS
4. Discussion and Limitations
5. Conclusion
6. Future PlanOutstandingmasterpublishedSaqib HUSSAI
International Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Responses
Full text linkChapter 01. Introduction
Chapter 02. The Evolution of COVID-19 and Policy Responses of Korea: Adaptation and Learning Perspectives
Chapter 03. Japan’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cautious and Self-restraint-based Approach
Chapter 04. Thailand’s Response to COVID-19
Chapter 05. Beyond Regime Types: Local Governance, Bureaucratic Coordination, and COVID-19 Responses in Vietnam
Chapter 06. Aotearoa New Zealand’s Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Chapter 07. COVID-19 Responses in Finland: Uneven, Fairly Effective, and Craving to Return to the Normal
Chapter 08. Crisis Governance in a Multilevel System: German Public Administration Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic
Chapter 09. Sweden and the COVID-19 Crisis
Chapter 10. Science, Uncertainty, and Partisanship: The United States’ Response to COVID-19
Chapter 11. Summary and Discussions for Policy Implication
The Identical Attribute Value Assignment Problem in Conjoint Experiment
No full textIn this paper, we report a novel problem in conjoint experiment with the assignment of identical attribute values in a task. Similar to the relationship between intention-to-treat estimate (ITT) and the complier average causal effect (CACE) or local average treatment effect (LATE), AMCE is calculated as AMCE from heterogeneous attribute assignments (AMCE) multiplied by the share of heterogeneous attribute assignments. In othere words, AMCE is computed not directly from the full sample but indirectly from a "complier" subpopulation who receive heterogeneous attributes. By construction, AMCE considers those who receive identical attributes as (one-sided) noncomliers.
재난적 의료비가 가구원의 노동공급에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
No full textThis study examines the effects of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) on labor supply of household members. Theoretical predictions on the relationship between ill-health and labor supply at the household level are ambiguous since increased informal care needs and health care expenditure for sick household members create counteractive incentives for labor supply of caregiving members of working age. Using data from Korea Welfare Panel Survey of 2009-2018, panel fixed-effects linear probability model and multinomial logit models with year fixed effects are conducted for the sample individuals of aged 20-64. Findings show a statistically significant deterrence effect of CHE on employment. Little evidence is found for employment transition from full-time to part-time work. Females and household members of aged 30-39 are particularly susceptible to these effects. Home care service benefit from the National Health Insurance program may help household members avoid loss of employment when households face a risk of impoverishment from excessive medical bills and the burden of informal care provision of severely ill members.
본 연구의 목적은 재난적 의료비 발생이 가구원의 노동공급에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 고찰하는 것이다. 2009년-2018년 한국복지패널 자료를 이용하여 패널 선형 고정효과 모형 및 시간 고정효과를 통제한 다항 로짓 모형 분석을 시행한 결과, 재난적 의료비를 경험하는 가구의 가구원은 고용상태에 있을 가능성이 낮고, 일을 그만둘 확률은 더 높았다. 이러한 효과는 여성 가구원, 그리고 30대 가구원에서 특히 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 가구원은 가구 내에 심각한 건강위험, 그로 인한 재난적 의료비가 발생할 때, 상실된 소득의 보전 및 의료비 충당을 위해 노동공급을 증가시키거나, 돌봄 필요에 대응하기 위해 노동공급을 축소하는 선택을 한다. 본 연구 결과는 가구 수준에서 발생하는 재난적 의료비가 가구원의 고용 단절이라는 부(-)의 순효과를 야기하며, 특히 여성과 30대 청년층에 집중된 고용 단절 효과는 이들의 이후 노동시장 참여 기회 위축과 추가적인 가구 소득 감소로 이어질 수 있음을 시사한다. 이에, 재난적 의료비에 직면한 가구내 경제활동이 가능한 가구원, 특히 여성과 청년층의 고용 단절 및 그로 인한 가구 빈곤 문제 완화를 위해 방문 재가 서비스의 접근성 개선 및 관련 보험 급여 확대를 고려할 필요가 있다.2