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Inclusive Governance and Biodiversity Conservation: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Full text linkWe examine the conservation effects attributable to changes in the size of community-governed protected areas (PAs) by adopting a generalized difference-in-difference (DID) design with a two-way fixed effect regression model and synthetic control methods. Panel data from the extraordinary datasets of the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPAs) and the Red List of International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are used for 32 Sub-Saharan African countries in this study. Our generalized DID estimates show that countries with community-governed PAs have reduced the IUCN Red List threat level by 17% for mammals. We also find stronger evidence of the effect of community-governed PAs on the IUCN threat level using synthetic control method that allows us to match the “intervention countries” with those countries that exhibit similar pre-intervention threat level. Our results are robust on alternate specifications in which we exploit variations in the cumulative size of the designated PAs differentiated by the IUCN governance types. We also compare the effect of strictly state-governed PAs with community-governed PAs. Our findings provide evidence in support of recent qualitative studies that find positive responses of community participation towards common goods that carry potential economic incentives. This paper contributes to the idea that inclusive environmental policies and legislations yield environmental gains not at the cost of social exclusion.1
Measuring the Impact of a Trade Dispute with a Supply-side Shock Using a Supply-driven Input-Output Analysis: Korea-Japan Dispute Case
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of the recent Korea-Japan trade dispute on the Korean economy using supply-driven input-output analysis. In July 2019, Japan announced the decision to tighten the export control of three materials which are indispensable in the manufacturing of semiconductors and electronic display panels. Japan’s decision directly affects production in Korea’s semiconductor and display sectors and is hence not a demand shock. For this reason, a standard demand-driven input-output analysis is not valid despite the fact that it can still be applied. The impact of Japan’s decision on Korea’s aggregate and individual sectors’ gross output, GDP and employment were computed using both methods
Exploring Effects of Perceived Justice and Motivation on Satisfaction in Higher Education
Full text linkPurpose: For many Vietnamese students, the national high school graduation examination is one of the most important exams in their lives, transitioning from high school to tertiary education. Considering that the national examination is exceptionally important for admission of higher education, failure of management system and educational inequalities lead to serious academic concerns. By using the concept of justice and motivation, the current study aimed to explore the effects of justice dimensions and motivation on student satisfaction in the context of education, specifically focusing on the national examination for higher education. Research design, data and methodology: In this regard, this study proposed a conceptual model and conducted an online survey to test relevant hypotheses. Results: The empirical findings of the study found that procedural, distributive justice, and intrinsic motivation affected the level of student satisfaction. Conclusions: The results of this study would be useful for policymakers to make more informed choices and also suggest further programs and projects of the Vietnamese government, aiming to develop the system of university admissions in the future. This study suggests that adoption of better management system and policies will significantly affect academic satisfaction and higher education environment.2
an analysis of Korean millennial sustainable tourists
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2021Sustainable tourism has gained increasing attention amid the unprecedented growth in the tourism industry in recent years. Setting awareness and perception as the two important variables that shape sustainable tourism behavior, this paper aims to examine the overall awareness and perception of sustainable tourism, focusing on the Korean millennials. The millennial generation is one of the largest groups in the travel industry and known to possess pro-sustainable tourist behavior. Yet, the literature indicates that the travel motivations could vary among the millennials according to nationalities. Therefore, this research asks why and how the Korean millennials participate in sustainable tourism. Through qualitative analysis and hermeneutic phenomenology, the findings indicate that the competitive pressures faced by the Korean millennials function as a main motivational source of sustainable tourism. In addition, self-development and meaningful experience were found to be the most critical motivational factors for the Korean millennial sustainable tourists. Based on these motivational factors, this paper seeks to reappraise current sustainable tourism policies and further provide effective promotional strategies and policies to raise awareness and increase participation which can be adopted by both the government and businesses.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Methodology
4. Findings
5. Discussion
6. ConclusionmasterpublishedSi Ra KI
The Arab G.D.P. per capita under the synthetic control method
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021This paper will revolve around testing how would the Arab region be in terms of G.D.P. per capita if the Greater Arab Free Trade Area would have never gone into force in 2005, which the country members adopted in its General Provisions and negotiation rounds.
A comparison between synthetic and actual status of G.D.P. per capita levels will be then analyzed to test if the synthetic obtained data would have been more beneficial (G.D.P. per capita) for all country members.
The synthetic model is developed with control data based on North America, the European Union (E.U.), South Asia and East Asia as the biggest blocs and trade partners of the Arab region to generate G.D.P. per capita synthetic data of the Arab region, compared later with the actual data. The focus of the study will be from 1985 till 2019.
Therefore, the main findings show the G.D.P. per capita after 2005 of the Arab region is much higher on real data than on the synthetic data that accords to the agreement''s scenario, never going into force. The difference between synthetic and actual data reaches a peak of 100% in 2008.1. Introduction
2. Context
3. Literature Review & Theoretical Framework
4. Research Design and Methodology
5. Results
6. Robustness check
7. Conclusion
8. ReferencemasterpublishedAhmed MOHAME
Fear and Favoritism in the Time of COVID-19
Full text linkDoes fear cause us to "circle the wagons" and favor those in our in-group? Or does fear of the \other" cause us to recognize our common humanity and become more charitable to those we might otherwise consider outsiders? The measurement of this effect is confounded by the fact that some groups respond more strongly to fear than others. We run an online experiment on a nationally representative sample in South Korea in which we induce fear via the autobiographical emotional memory task method and examine the impact on donations to either an in-group charity (the Korean Red Cross) or one that caters to an out-group (the Korea Support Center for Foreign Workers). We find that, while the reported level of fear is negatively correlated with donations to the out-group, the induced fear caused by the experimental intervention is positively correlated with donations to the out-group. We also find that the fear effect depends on political views, media exposure, and social preferences. We conrm our experimental results by looking at how regional attitudes toward out-groups have shifted over time and compare those changes to the average level of reported fear during the COVID-19 pandemic. Places that report the most fear of COVID-19 also have had the greatest increases in prosocial attitudes toward out-groups
Does regional bias affect to the climate change adaptation aid flows by recipient need?
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2021This paper examines donor countries’ motivation on climate change adaptation finance flows, using the bilateral panel data reported on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Creditor Reporting System (CRS) from 2012 to 2017. Applying the two-stage Cragg’s model, the donors’ decision step is divided into (1) whether they give or not and (2) how much they give once they have decided to give. At each stage, the donor random effect and time fixed effect are adjusted at the same time. Empirical results show that the vulnerability of recipient countries to climate change has a positive effect on climate change adaptation aid on average, with mixed results on recipient merit and donor interest. However, when donors are regionally grouped, the results show more variation in outcomes in terms of donors’ motivation and recipient region. For instance, European donors tend to consider recipient needs as measured by the ND-GAIN vulnerability index; whereas, Asian donors do not show such a tendency at the allocation stage. Eastern and South-Eastern Asian recipients are more likely to receive climate change adaptation aid from Asian donors at the allocation stage but not from European donors. In the absencce of meta system to measure which recipient countries are less benefited compared to their climate change vulnerabiltiy level in the climate change adpatation finance flows, the results raise concerns on double inequality that still exists in countries left behind with a lack of climate change adaptation capacity and the need to consolidate schemes on aid distribution purposed to climate change adaptation among donor countries.masterpublishedSeyoung PAR
A Study on the establishment of autonomous operation system for data-based water purification facilities
Full text linkThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Management,2021.This research paper aims to lay the foundation for the establishment of a data-driven water purification plant autonomous operation system by presenting how to generate and transmit the underlying measurements of the data and manage the acquired data. It also identified the role required for operators who work 24 hours a day at the water purification plant to settle down stably when introducing an autonomous operation system for water purification plants.
For this study, papers and data related to automatic operation of water purification plant s and smart factories were collected and analyzed, and in-depth interviews with K-water''s related business experts were conducted to identify problems and needs. Based on this, the directi
on that should be preceded to establish an autonomous operation system in the water purification plant was presented.
Finally, I think this study is meaningful in laying the foundation stone so that it can be studied and developed in a more improved way rather than a methodology that enables the establishment of a water purification plant autonomous operation system.1. Introduction
2. Methodology of study
3. Literature review
4. Overview
5. In-depth interview
6. Establishing a foundation for autonomous operation system
7. Conclusionmasterpublishe
Technological Neutrality and Regulation of Digital Trade: How Far Can We Go?
No full textIn this age of rapid digital transformations, the principle of technological neutrality can help the international economic community adapt dated rules to changing realities. While the acceptance of this principle would respond to the difficulty of timely norm making and norm updating in international relations, it could also cause legal uncertainty in the case of unforeseen technological developments in the future. Therefore, not every country today is willing to unconditionally acknowledge the applicability of ‘old’ rules for any emerging trading patterns enabled by, or based on, digital and other technological innovations. The World Trade Organization, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and several regional trade agreements have addressed technological neutrality in the context of electronic commerce and digital trade. This article examines this issue, focusing on such areas of trade regulation as services, intellectual property and paperless trading, and concludes that the principle of technological neutrality should be given universal recognition, supplemented by policy flexibilities where necessary.1
Rewiring Linked Fate: Bringing Back History, Agency, and Power
No full textLinked fate, the concept introduced by Dawson almost three decades ago, reoriented the study of racism and political behavior in the United States. The scholarship traditionally had focused on the racial psychology of whites and how racism seeps into their political views and actions. Dawson proposed the Black utility heuristic theory and linked fate, its associated measure, to investigate the political behavior of Blacks, the minority group most harmed by racism. Since then, linked fate has become a ubiquitous variable of interest in research on minority group politics. Yet the research program around linked fate is due for some extension. Most studies gloss over the fact that the Black utility heuristic theory is historically and socially conditional. We call for bringing elite-level agency and group-level social practices back into the literature to clarify the macro- and meso-level conditions under which a group’s racial status translates into linked fate at the individual level. Greater inquiry into these dynamics is not only warranted but also has broad implications for the research on racial and ethnic politics.1