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A Study on Firms’ Metaverse Use and Competitiveness
No full text최근 메타버스에 대한 많은 논의가 있지만, 기업들이 구체적으로 메타버스를 활용하는 목적과 방식, 경쟁력의 결정 요소, 산업의 변화 양상에 대한 구체적인 증거 및 예상은 찾아보기 어렵다. 이 논문은 관련 업계 종사자들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 활용하여 이들 문제에 대한 답을 제시한다. 설문조사 결과는 아직은 메타버스가 광범위하게 활용되지 않고 있으며, 새로운 기업전략으로서의 역할도 크지 않으나 3~5년 후에는 저작도구가 대중화되면서 산업에 큰 변화를 가져올 것을 예고하고 있다. 콘텐츠업계의 경우 다수의 업체가 병존할 가능성이 있는 반면 플랫폼 및 소프트웨어의 경우 시장지배력이 있는 글로벌 기업 및 국내 대기업의 영향력이 상당할 것으로 예상된다.2
State-Society Synergy Through Social Capital in Indonesian Community-Driven Development
Full text linkIn addition to the potential efficiency gains of decentralization, community-driven development (CDD) programs were expected to empower the poor and marginalized by encouraging their participation in community decision-making. As social capital is recognized as a critical resource for the poor, CDD programs contribute to national poverty-reduction efforts through bottom-up mobilization rather than top-down state-led development initiatives. In this sense, CDD demonstrates how state-society synergy can be realized through the accumulation of social capital. This paper investigates the extent of state-society synergy at the individual/household level in Indonesia using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). By controlling for potential selection problems using difference-in-difference methods, this study reveals that the synergetic mobilization of society leads to improved wellbeing. In particular, by controlling for community participation and its spillover effects, it finds that individual participation in the Indonesian CDD program enhanced the material and subjective wellbeing of households. However, this effect was not through the direct benefit of participation in the CDD program; rather, it stemmed from the indirect effects of increased membership in other community activities. Increased interaction among community members consolidated trust within the community and provided increased access to loans when necessary. CDD has the most significant impact on wives’ empowerment within the household
국제개발협력 생태계 내 청년들의 이직에 관한 연구
Full text link본 연구는 근거이론에 기반하여 한국의 국제개발협력 분야에 종사하는 청년들이 이직경험과 과정을 탐색하였다. 한 직장에 오래 머무르지 않고 자아실현을 위해 이직을 자주하는 MZ 세대 특성에 착안하여 청년 노동자에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 관련 연구가 활성화되고 있는데 특히 가치추구와 자아성장을 중요하게 생각하는 국제개발협 력 분야 청년 종사자에 대한 연구 역시 필요하다. 이에 근거이론적 방법론을 바탕으로 한국의 국제개발협력 분야 특수한 맥락에서 이론화를 시도하였다. 분석결과, 국제개발협력 분야 청년 종사자들은 개인적, 조직적, 직무적 원인 때문에 ‘본인이 전문성이 없다’는 생각을 하고 있고, 이로 인해 실무를 하면서 사업관리 전문성을 쌓기 위해 노력하거나 혹은 원하는 분야 전문성을 쌓기 위해 이직을 시도하였다. 이러한 현상은 역량 강화를 위한 기회와 제도에 따라서 달라질 수 있으며 국제개발협력분야 생태계 발전을 위해 청년세대 역량강화를 위한 정책적 노력을 기울일 필요가 있다는 점을 시사점을 제안하였다.
This study explored the job turnover experience and process of young people engaged in the field of international development cooperation in Korea. Based on the grounded theoretical methodology, theoretical nation of MZ generation’s turnover, that is, intention to quit or move to another job, was attempted in a context in the field. As a result of the analysis, young workers in the field of international development cooperation think that they have no expertise due to personal, organizational, and duty assignment causes, and for this reason, they tried to change jobs to build advanced management expertise. This phenomenon may vary depending on the opportunities and systems for capacity building, and suggested that policy efforts to strengthen the capacity of the youth generation need to be made for the development of the ecosystem in the field of international development cooperation in Korea.
Public vs. Public: Balancing the Competing Public Values of Participatory Budgeting
No full textSince its inception, participatory budgeting (PB) has been advocated for by both scholars and practitioners of public administration. In South Korea, PB has been widely adopted across local governments since 2004. Based on in-depth assessments of PB implementation that were collected from 229 local governments in South Korea, this study explores the competing public values of PB and analyzes how the capacity and commitment of local governments and citizens are associated with the public values that are achieved through PB. Results indicate that (1) there are several pairs of competing values pursued through PB, and (2) local governments’ communication channels and citizen participation are required to resolve and balance the tradeoffs of the PB public values; most notably, local government’s efforts to gather citizens’ inputs and educate them and PB participants’ budget literacy. We also offer several implications for how to improve PB implementation at the local government level.3
The countervailing effects of stocks of knowledge on low-carbon innovation through international collaboration
No full textCollaboration plays a crucial role in accelerating low-carbon innovation, which, as an emerging technology, requires knowledge in varied domains from diverse actors across the globe. Whereas previous research has shown that collaboration positively affects low-carbon innovation, the unintended consequence of cumulating stocks of knowledge on low-carbon innovation through international collaboration has been underexplored. To address this issue, we examined the potentially countervailing effect of cumulative stocks of patents on coinvention on low-carbon technology patenting in Korea from 2000 to 2011, employing a count model with panel fixed-effects. The study finds that national and international coinvention have a positive effect on low-carbon technology patenting. The cumulative stocks of knowledge have a negative influence on the development of new low-carbon technology knowledge through such international coinvention. The explicit finding that the cumulative stocks of knowledge can undermine the role of international collaboration on low-carbon innovation has clear policy implications. A country should attempt to diversify its portfolio of low-carbon technology development to fully utilize the role of international collaboration on low-carbon innovation. Furthermore, policy makers should pay keen attention to building and maintaining effective international collaboration to complement a nation's or company's own knowledge base.1
The impact of improved passenger transport system on manufacturing plant productivity
No full textIn this paper, we examine the effect of transportation infrastructure on the productivity of manufacturing plants. In particular, we analyze whether improved passenger transportation connections to metropolitan cities positively affect manufacturing plant productivity in peripheral regions. The introduction of the Korea Train eXpress (KTX) high-speed train in 2004 allows us to examine the impact of improved passenger transport. Applying a difference-in-differences framework to plant-level data, we examine whether the productivity of manufacturing plants in counties with high-speed train stations improves more than that in counties without high-speed train stations after the KTX introduction. The results suggest an increase of approximately 5 percent in the productivity of manufacturing plants due to the introduction of the high-speed rail.1
A Study on water shut off period and countermeasure for effective water supply maintenance
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2022Since the 1960s, Korea''s water supply has been rapidly expanded through state-led facility investment along with economic development, with 99.4% of the people receiving water supply services as of 2020. Korea''s water supply has reached the world''s highest level in terms of facility capacity and supply rate, but as of 2020, 34.8% of Korea''s buried water pipes have passed more than 20 years and their performance is rapidly decreasing.
In 2019, 630,000 citizens were damaged by the supply of discolored tap water for up to 67 days due to inappropriate work procedures, and waterworks business operators suffered more than KRW 6.6 billion in financial losses due to compensation for citizens'' damage. It is time to pay attention to maintenance to preserve stable functions so that this situation does not occur again, and the Ministry of Environment recently enacted ‘Detailed Standards for Maintenance of Waterworks Network Facilities’ to require water supply businesses to conduct regular water pipe cleaning. However, like other maintenance tasks such as emergency construction and altering waterworks system, cleaning of water pipes will cause shut off of tap water supply unless it is under special conditions such as double track supply.
Accordingly, measures to improve the efficiency of maintenance work and reduce citizens'' inconvenience were investigated through interviews with experts in consideration of loss, such as civil inconvenience, and benefits from regular maintenance of water facilities. Based on the experience of experts, the results of analyzing the optimal time and interval for maintenance work to the level of dissatisfaction of citizens according to water shut-off and finding out promotional and support measures to minimize dissatisfaction in the event of water shut off are as follows.
f there is sufficient prior notification of water shut off, citizens should not sensitively complain of discomfort until the water shut off duration of 12 hours and should perform it during late night time (23:00-05:00) when water consumption is low. In addition, detailed work schedules for each time period should be established in consideration of citizen inconvenience such as noise from excavation work at night, and maintenance work needs to be carefully planned at intervals of at least one month to prevent citizen inconvenience caused by repeated water shut-off. As a way to minimize inconvenience to citizens in the event of water shut-off, it is most important to notify citizens in advance, and it is desirable to notify them about a week in advance by various ways, such as sending individual SMS and posting banners. On the other hand, frequent guidance should not cause inconvenience to citizens due to the burden of fatigue. In addition, it was suggested that if water shut-off is to be carried out for a long time, a plan to support bottled water and water-tank trucks to be provided to the victims should also be set up.1. Introduction
2. Literature review.
3. Research questions and method
4. Research results.
5. Policy or Administrative Recommendations
6. ConclusionmasterpublishedSeung-Ho LE
Global shift in the tourism industry policy before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022This paper is about comparing differences between the tourism policy, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing OECD policy papers from 2011 to 2021, the global trend of the tourism industry was researched.
The tourism industry was affected heavily after the advent of this pandemic in December 2019. Comparing the number of tourists before and after the COVID-19, the number of tourists decreased, which means that the tourism industry shrunk considerably. In other words, this shows how the COVID-19 pandemic changes individuals’ lives enormously. This paper is composed of two parts that discuss the global shifts in the tourism industry before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The literature review consists of two parts, before and after the COVID-19. First, it discusses the policymakers’ focus on tourism policy before the COVID-19 pandemic affected society. Here, the paper focuses on promoting tourism growth, achieving tourism competitiveness, and achieving green innovation in the tourism industry. The ways to achieve those are at local, regional, and national levels of the tourism industry. It is detectable that the role and responsibility of the central government are essential. Government funding and marketing strategies can achieve tourism growth and competitiveness. Furthermore, development at the subnational level, regions, and cities play a crucial role in tourism growth. After the pandemic, policymakers focus on tourism policy after the COVID-19 pandemic came into our lives. After the considerable impacts of the pandemic, most policymakers put attention to lessening the negative effects of COVID-19 on the tourism industry. In other words, this part presents resilience and recovery in the tourism industry, detects the benefits of digital transformation gaps and skills, and prepares for the digital future in the tourism industry. The first step is to discuss recovery plans and then see some case studies that emphasize the digital future of tourism. Cases reveal the urgency of developing digitalization gaps to overcome challenges in the tourism industry. To develop a digital future globally, technological support and digital advancement are required from governments.
The pandemic brought us many challenges in the country’s economy, at the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opener for preparations for future crises. This means that the pandemic gives policymakers a chance to change policies and structures in the tourism industry.
In the analysis part, policies for three countries, Korea, Canada, and the United Kingdom are researched. From these three countries, it is noticed that the government puts its effort to protect the survival of the tourism sector, restore visitor confidence in travel, and attract more visitors from both domestic and international tourists.1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
4. CONCLUSIONmasterpublishedSeung yeon HA
Identifying optimal financial budget distributions for the low-carbon energy transition between emerging and developed countries
No full textThe decision to transition to low-carbon energy often needs to identify how efficiently to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and supply energy. The limited studies that account for cost efficiency of energy supply and carbon reduction allow a decision maker to balance energy supply against the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions for a given energy transition. Despite the contributions of these studies, they do not differentiate the analysis based on regions’ or countries’ varying stages of economic and political development and types of energy transitions. The objective of this research is to identify an optimal mix of different types of low-carbon energy transitions between emerging and developed countries. By employing cost efficiency of energy supply and carbon reduction, the optimization problem addresses the multiple objectives of maximizing energy supply to help improve access to electricity and maximizing carbon reduction to reach the Paris Agreement goals. We identify optimal financial budget distributions that maximize the objectives for five low-carbon energy transition scenarios. We find that the overall transition to low-carbon energy sources reduces carbon emissions and meets growing energy demand more cost-effectively in emerging countries than it does in developed countries. These results offer motivation and justification for developed countries to increase resources and to support emerging countries’ low-carbon energy transition efforts from an efficiency perspective. We also find that replacing fossil fuels with nuclear or natural gas in emerging countries is highly efficient for managing carbon reduction and energy supply. Even with the safety concern for nuclear power and natural gas as a temporary solution for the low-carbon energy transition, we show how these two energy sources can still play significant roles as transition options for managing the cost efficiency of carbon reduction and energy supply in emerging countries.1
External Threats and Democratization from Military Rule: Burma 1988 and South Korea 1987
Full text linkWhat effect does the international security environment have on democratization? This paper argues that for militaries in power, sustained external threats facilitate democratization by credibly assuring the armed forces of continued influence after leaving office. It tests implications of this argument for 1) the opposition’s demands to the military during political crises over democratization, 2) the degree of the regime’s flexibility towards the opposition, 3) the level of violence during crises over democracy, and 4) the outcome of the crises. Utilizing a comparative case study of ruling militaries in Burma and South Korea, it finds strong support for each of the implications