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2000-2018
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022In the globalized era, vertical specialization is prevalent as countries import intermediate materials to export products. Traditionally, the import content of exports (ICE), referring to the amount of foreign input embodied in one unit of export, has been used to measure the degree of vertical specialization. I use an alternative formula devised by Kim to measure the degree of verticalization, as it considers the simultaneous operation of the foreign sector and the domestic production base when exporting products. This thesis applies the alternative formula and analyzes Korean exports to the US, China, Europe, and the Middle East by means of an input-output analysis, specifically examining the degree of vertical specialization according to the trading partner between 2000 and 2018. This thesis explains the difference in the degree depending on the trading partner based on an industry-level analysis. By calculating the degree of vertical specialization for the computer, motor vehicle, chemical, and machine industries independently, the study shows how major industries affect vertical specialization depending on the trading partner, also presenting how each industry’s degree of vertical specialization and export volume determines its degree of vertical specialization with its trading partners.1. Introduction
2. Literature Reviews
3. Measurement
4. Data
5. Results
6. ConclusionmasterpublishedYeongwon CHO
A Dynamic panel data analysis of democracy, political institutions and economic growth in Africa (1996-2016)
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022Sub-Saharan Africa has a checkered record as far as democracy and institutional quality are concerned. Policymakers and development practitioners are increasingly becoming seized with the role of good institutional quality and democracy in promoting economic growth and development. Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa has largely been sub-optimal due to a plethora of challenges. This study empirically examines the effects of political institutions, with a specific focus on electoral disputes and democracy on economic growth in Africa from 1996 to 2016 to try to explain the poor economic performance. Electoral disputes are endemic in Africa as most elections either end up in constitutional courts or with violent clashes erupting between supporters of different political parties. The current electoral institutions do not seem strong enough to run credible, free, and fair elections whose processes and results are not controversial. The study employs the random and fixed-effects models using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) dynamic panel data estimation methodology. The Panel Granger causality test is also applied to determine the direction of causality between political institutions and economic growth. The study uses secondary data obtainable from the World Bank databases. A dummy variable was used to measure electoral violence, political institutions were measured using political violence and absence of violence and terrorism while democracy was measured using the Polity IV index. Empirical results have shown that electoral disputes are not significant in explaining economic growth in Africa, poor democracy levels in Africa are growth-stifling, and political institutions are significant and they positively impact economic growth. Furthermore, a unidirectional relationship is found to exist between economic growth and political institutions, with causality running from political institutions to growth. Therefore, I recommend that African governments invest time and resources in building strong institutions supportive of good economic performance.1.Introduction
2.Background
3.Literature review
4.Data and methodology
5.Result presentation, interpretation, and discussion
6.Conclusion and policy recommendationsmasterpublishedCollen JONAS
the case of fabrics and yarn import in indonesia
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2022The textile sector is one of the important labor-intensive industries in Indonesia with an integrated supply chain, a high level of employment, and a significant share in manufacturing growth. In 2019, Indonesian government imposed safeguards on fabrics and yarn to protect domestic firms from an excessive number of imported products. This paper examines the impact of the safeguard measures on exports of Indonesian producers. I collected exports and imports data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) from 2011 to 2021 and employ the Differences in Differences method (DID). The results provide evidence that the imposition of safeguards contributes to decreasing exports value by 31.8 percent and reduces imports value significantly by 26.5 percent. In this study, the safeguards policy is quite effective in slowing down the value of imports but it also has a drawback in decreasing exports. This finding may be used as a reference for the Indonesian government to formulate more effective policies in improving the performance of the local textile industries and decide on the extension of the safeguards for the next three years.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
IV. Empirical Analysis
V. Result and Discussion
VI. Conclusion and Policy implicationsOutstandingmasterpublishedAyu Amalia RACHMA
evidence from the afrobarometer data on 20 African countries
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022With the ongoing importance on the role of traditional chiefs, the paper investigates the impact of precolonial centralization of ethnic groups on the public goods provision and trust level toward chiefs today. With the question whether the succession of the traditional institutions is affected by the type colonial rule either by Britain or France, I match Afrobarometer data with Murdock’s Ethnographic Atlas and other data sets. The paper documents three main findings. First, I find a strong positive association between precolonial ethnic political centralization and trust toward local chiefs today among Anglophone countries, but a negative association among Francophone countries. Second, there is a strong positive association for both countries colonized by Britain or France in terms of infrastructure. Third, I find a strong positive association between precolonial centralization and wellbeing among Anglophone countries, but no impact in Francophone countries. The similar pattern of positive and robust association on the infrastructure implies that precolonial centralization was conducive to African public goods provision with different colonial rule having a limited impact. On the other hand, the opposite pattern of association on the trust toward local chiefs implies that different colonial rule has affected social capital of contemporary traditional institutions differently. Under the assumption that local accountability mechanism holds, positive association among Anglophone countries implies that the precolonial institutions have been more likely to survive under British indirect rule compared to French direct rule. The findings suggest that contemporary African development, particularly access to public goods provision or local chieftaincy system are linked to the preexisting ethnic institutions as well as the legacies of colonialism.OutstandingmasterpublishedSang eun LE
Platform Government in the Era of Smart Technology
No full textWhereas the concept of platform government emerged a decade ago and virtual states are predicted beginning early 2000s, supporting technologies and infrastructures are now being installed and implemented with highly integrative technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, mobile computing, social media, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. This realization of platform governments leads us to rethink what have been predicted decades ago. Time has come for us to really open up real opportunities by facing realistic challenges for public management. The pressure for government innovations, such as algorithmic bureaucracy and collaborative value creation, is increasing. Attentions need to be paid with respect to how the managerial role and activities are being transformed, how the nature of work in government is fundamentally changed, and how the decision-making processes are re-institutionalized. Further research issues are discussed at the end of this Viewpoint. Evidence for Practice Platform governments predicted earlier are now being realized by highly integrative technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, social media, mobile computing, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. Platform government demands new approaches to public management, changes the nature of work of public managers, and reshapes the decision-making processes. Algorithmic bureaucracy provisioned by these new platformization will enable more anticipatory decision-making, require stronger leadership commitment on digitalization and innovation, and provide higher agility in public management. Collaborative value creation can and will be expedited by the technological capabilities provided but also with a lot of social experimentation on these platforms. The nature of work of public managers will be changing continuously in serious orders on these platform governments.1
Corruption and the quality of transportation infrastructure: evidence from the US states
No full textFew studies have linked public corruption to the quality of public infrastructure, particularly in developed countries. This article examines how public corruption affects the quality of transportation infrastructure in the context of the US states. Using state panel data for the period from 2002 to 2008, we found that public corruption had a negative impact on the quality of state roads, as captured by the International Roughness Index and overall road condition scores. This study concludes that the prevention of corruption is crucial to improving infrastructure quality and suggests preventive policy tools. Points for practitioners Transportation is one of the more corruption-prone sectors. This sector allows public officials discretion, attracts rent-seeking activities, and conceals malfeasance through secretive transactions. Our study finds that public corruption diminishes the quality of transportation infrastructure. Strengthening good governance is a critical way to improve public infrastructure performance. A variety of key anti-corruption strategies and actions are worth pursuing in the context of infrastructure development.1
A Proposal on national reporting platform for SDGs
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022The United Nations set the framework of Sustainable Development Goals as Goals, Targets and Indicators to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by member countries. All stakeholders around the World try their best to achieve the Agenda, especially National Statistical Offices take a role related to the indicators by providing timely and accurate data to custodian agencies. To fulfil these requirements National Statistical Offices have considered setting up a National Reporting Platform and OpenSDG Platform is most widely using platform in the World. Anyone can access and reuse the source code of OpenSDG on GitHub, so many countries have their own National Reporting Platform originally from OpenSDG. The Republic of Korea also developed a National Reporting Platform by using the United Kingdom''s Platform. Although OpenSDG is well-made platform, there are some difficulties in adopting and maintaining the platform. As a proposal for the solution of the problems, ready-made software - Business Intelligence - is recommended. Because Business Intelligence or BI solution provide functions of data management, data visualization and collaboration, it has well-qualified for managing and reporting SDG indicators as an alternative of the OpenSDG platform. Sufficient consideration is needed for adopting BI solution as a National Reporting Platform in the future, and this report suggests a proposal as a trigger for further discussion in the future.1. Introduction
2. National Reporting Platform
3. Proposal
4. Conclusion
ReferencesmasterpublishedInsang RY
Developing innovation ecosystem in biomedical field by establishing organized physician-scientists nurturing system in Korea
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022In the post-corona era, Korea should strive to secure a new growth engine by creating an innovative ecosystem in the biomedical field and become a global first mover in biomedical technology. To this end, it is necessary to establish an organized physician-scientists training system, and to support growth as a leading independent researcher rather than simply participating in research. In addition, it is necessary to encourage doctors to participate in research by providing many benefits through institutional support, rather than for doctors to participate in research out of simple personal curiosity, and to increase the proportion of physician scientists in the long run. When looking at cases from other countries, the proportion of physician scientists in Korea is very low, and if many physician scientists are nurtured by benchmarking the cases of excellent physician scientists, it will be able to contribute to the development of biomedical technology in Korea.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the systematic method for nurturing physician scientists using AHP and to analyze the method for creating a hospital-centered innovative ecosystem. To this end, an AHP analysis model consisting of 13 detailed items and two areas of increasing incentives for research participation and supporting the growth of independent researchers was constructed.
Through this study, it was found that if the hospital provides an environment for research, such as reducing treatment hours and providing research facilities and space, participation in research increases. However, in the case of reduction of treatment hours, it is necessary to come up with a plan to compensate for the financial disadvantage of doctors.
In addition, institutional support is needed so that doctors can challenge start-ups to create a hospital-centered innovation ecosystem, and by establishing regional research-focused hospitals, the industry, academia, and research circles can collaborate with hospitals, and they should be linked to create a synergistic effect. Most of the existing major bio clusters in Korea have weaknesses in clinical trials and licensing. To solve this problem, it can be said that the participation of hospitals is essential.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
IV. Data Analysis
V. Discussion
VI. ConclusionmasterpublishedSangwook R
evidence from 26 countries over 10 years
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022Modernization theory suggests that support for democracy would increase as education levels rise. To empirically examine this claim, this study analyzes the preference for democracy according to the level of education. A sample of 118,618 respondents from the World Values Survey (WVS) is used, covering 26 countries over 10 years. The findings indicate that the importance of democracy, perceptions of political systems, and the state of democracy positively affect support for democracy. Once country and year fixed effects are employed, it found that highly educated individuals are more likely to embrace the concept of democracy, but support for specific democratic policies varied significantly. These results suggest that while education may increase support for democracy as an abstract concept, it does not necessarily translate into support for actual substantive policies to be considered crucial for democratic governance.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Data
4. Methodology
5. Results
6. Conclusion
7. References
8. AppendixmasterpublishedSeonju O
Why Is Bill Cost Estimation Not Working Properly in the Korean National Assembly?: A Fiscal Institutionalist Interpretation
No full text법안 발의는 국회의원들의 본연의 역할이지만, 비용을 고려하지 않는 무분별한 법안 발의는 총량적 재정규율의 와해와 비효율적 재원배분으로 연결될 수 있다. 이를 방지하기 위해 법안 제안자로 하여금 비용을 수반하는 법안을 제출하기 전 해당 법안이 재정에 미치는 영향을 사전에 고려하도록 하는 비용추계제도가 도입되었다. 하지만 예산이 갖는 공유재적 성격으로 국회의원들이 비용추계를 회피하고자 하는 유인이 크기 때문에 실질적으로 이 제도는 제대로 활용되고 있지 않다. 반면, 우리나라 비용추계제도의 벤치마킹 대상이라고 할 수 있는 미국의 경우 비용추계가 법안을 심의하는데 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 재정규율을 확보하기 위해서는 예산심의 순서의 변경과 예산과정의 집권화가 중요하다는 재정제도주의의 최근 논의를 바탕으로 미국 의회와 우리 국회에서의 비용추계를 둘러싼 제도적 맥락의 차이점을 비교 분석한 후, 비용추계제도가 재정규율의 확보 수단으로서 효과적으로 기능하기 위해서는 재정규율을 확보할 수 있는 보다 근본적인 예산제도의 변화가 전제되어야 함을 주장하고 있다.2