KDI School Archives
Not a member yet
4667 research outputs found
Sort by
Foreign Aid and Income Inequality
Full text linkThis study contributes to the empirical understanding of aid effectiveness by examining the impact of foreign aid on income inequality in recipient countries. Impact of foreign aid on income inequality has been little studied despite the importance of the topic in terms of aid effectiveness, while among the existing literature, there is no consensus. This study utilizes both Pooled OLS and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators for a panel of 156 countries covering the period 1997-2018. Data on inequality is extracted from the United Nation's World Income Inequality Database (WIID). The results indicate that foreign aid, controlling for other variables, is negatively correlated with income inequality at a statistically significant level, and the results are robust. Institutional variables, the level of democracy and control of corruption, are also incorporated to discern the relationship between foreign aid and governance. The results show that institutional variables have positive correlation with income inequality in an aid-receiving country. This implies that foreign aid may offset the equalizing effect of good governance, although overall, the equalizing effect of foreign aid on income inequality remains
How Well Can Real-Time Indicators Track the Economic Impacts of a Crisis Like COVID-19?
No full textThis paper presents evidence on the extent to which a set of real-time indicators tracked changes in gross domestic product across 142 countries in 2020. The real-time indicators include Google mobility, Google search trends, food price information, nitrogen dioxide, and nighttime lights. Google mobility and staple food prices both declined sharply in March and April, followed by a rapid recovery that returned to baseline levels by July and August. Mobility and staple food prices fell less in low-income countries. Nitrogen dioxide levels show a similar pattern, with a steep fall and rapid recovery in high-income and upper-middle-income countries but not in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. In April and May, Google search terms reflecting economic distress and religiosity spiked in some regions but not others. Data on nighttime lights show no clear drop in March outside East Asia. Linear models selected using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator explain about a third of the variation in annual gross domestic product growth rates across 72 countries. In a smaller subset of higher income countries, real-time indicators explain about 40 percent of the variation in quarterly gross domestic product growth. Overall, mobility and food price data, as well as pollution data in more developed countries, appeared to be best at capturing the widespread economic disruption experienced during the summer of 2020. The results indicate that these real-time indicators can track a substantial percentage of both annual and quarterly changes in gross domestic product
Disasters and intergroup peace in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textHow do disasters affect intergroup peace and conflict? Existing research shows that disasters can have opposing effects on how we perceive others: they can exacerbate existing tension in some cases or serve as catalysts for peace and cooperation in others. Yet we know little about the conditions under which we should expect one or the other. In this study, we estimate the impact of disasters on perceptions of out-groups. We combine a dataset of mass disasters with tens of thousands of individual-level survey responses recorded in Round 6 of the Afrobarometer data between 2014 and 2015. Using a difference-in-differences approach exploiting spatial and temporal proximity to disaster occurrences, we estimate the degree to which disasters affect public opinion toward out-groups. As disaster occurrence is plausibly exogenous to interview dates or respondent locations, our approach allows for an improved test of how the shock from disaster can impact public perceptions. Moreover, we show such impact varies by considering the differences in political salience of out-group identities and short- versus long-term differences in the impact on group dynamics. The implications of our findings for understanding the aftermath of past disasters and effects of future disasters on intergroup peace and conflict are discussed.1
Measuring ICT driven public sector innovation
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022The public sector has traditionally been viewed as a passive actor for innovations compared to the private sector. In recent years, however, public sector innovation has been increasingly recognized as a key facilitator to maintain a high-quality public services for businesses and citizens and not to mention, improving welfare and addressing environmental, societal and economic issues. ICT is recognized to be the driver for adding speed to this innovation, enabling efficient and effective digital environment and delivering public services in a simpler and more inclusive way. The study sought to examine various methodologies that may be useful in adapting to measure these ICT driven public sector innovations. Furthermore, against the call for internationally accepted measurement method, recomposed indicators under the 6 dimensions of OECD Digital Government Policy Framework (DGPF) have been proposed. Then, steps to adapt the standardized measurement to respective national context are elaborated, inducing a Common but Differentiated Measurement Method for ICT driven Public Sector Innovation. In the ever more connected world we live in, it is essential to comprehend the entire progress and potential of deploying ICT in the public service delivery sphere for enhanced governance capacity.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Measurement Methodologies
4. Policy Recommendations
5. Summary and ConclusionmasterpublishedWooyoung KI
Heterogeneous Impacts of COVID-19 on Businesses
No full text본 논문은 BC카드사의 신용카드 지역(동)별 매출 데이터를 이용하여, 코로나19 이후 사업체의 매출 변화는 각 지역별로 다르게 나타나며, 해당 변화의 지역 간 이질성은 업종별로 다를 수 있음을 밝혔다. 주거 기능이 밀집된 지역의 경우 코로나19 유행 이후 신용카드 가맹점의 피해가 상대적으로 적었으며, 업무 기능 혹은 상업 기능이 밀집된 지역은 그 피해의 규모가 컸다. 또한, 지역별 특성변수와 지역별 매출 변화의 상관관계는 업종별로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 유통업, 일반음식, 음식료품 등의 업종에서는 매출변화와 지역별 특성변수가 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 있었으나, 내구재 업종 등의 매출은 지역별 특성과 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 1차 확산기에 집단감염이 발생했던 레저업소나 방역 조치의 직접적 규제의 대상이었던 유흥주점의 매출은 지역별 특성과 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.2
focused on improving the increasing block fee system
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2022In this report, an improvement plan is proposed for the increasing block water usage fee system for households in consideration of recent socio-demographic changes, that is, the size of the number of members in each household and income level.
I would like to discuss the current status and problems of the household Increasing Block water usage fee system, which is a large part of the current local water usage fee system, and propose measures to improve management efficiency, such as improving the reliability of water usage fees and easing financial burdens of local governments through financial simulations and analyses.
As a result of the scenario analysis conducted in this report, it was found that there is a significant quantitative effect in terms of fee income and fee realization by adjusting the water usage level and unit price by stage. And through the improvement of the system suggested in this report, it is expected that the realization fee will be improved without a water usage fee increase, the fiscal income of local governments will increase, and the water usage fee equality for each household will be secured1. Introduction
2. Policy on Water Usage Fees
3. Status and Problems of the Domestic Water usage fee System
4. Simulation Analyses and Policy Implications
5. Conclusions and limitations of the studyOutstandingmasterpublishedJee In MI
focusing on structuredness and firm specialization
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2022Many researchers and organizations have emphasized the potential of workplace learning that promotes mutual benefits of organizational competency and human development since it can positively encourage an employee’s behavioral changes toward the job and work. This study explores the characteristics of workplace learning, focusing on the structuredness and firm specialization, and investigates the impact on the adjustment to corporate life among general employees and young employees by measuring the changes in job satisfaction, in- house communication satisfaction, and turnover intention. Using employee survey data from Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) published in 2018, it presents ANOVA and regression results to analyze how the different levels of structuredness and firm specialization of workplace learning affect individual employees’ adjustment to corporate life in terms of what ways to what extent.
An employee who gets the middle or highest structuredness levels of workplace learning tends to show an increase in adjustment to corporate life compared to an employee who gets the lowest structuredness level of workplace learning. However, there is no significant adjustment level change between employees receiving the middle structuredness and the highest structuredness levels of workplace learning. Also, the influence of structuredness is not different between general and youth employees.
An employee who gets firm-specific training tends to show a decrease in adjustment to corporate life compared to an employee who gets general training. The decrement is consistently evident even controlling external conditions. Moreover, youth employees are partially more susceptible to the highest level of firm specialization, showing a significantly decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover intention for young workers in firm-specific training than those in general training.
This study identifies that structured and general workplace learning positively affects employees’ adjustment. Companies can gradually increase the training’s structuredness since it may take effect from the early stage. Companies can consider revising firm-specific training contents to align more with the acknowledged qualification framework in the labor market.Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Literature Review
Ⅲ. Research Design
Ⅳ. Data Analysis and Discussion
Ⅴ. Conclusion
Ⅵ. ReferencesOutstandingmasterpublishedJunghyun KI
Investigating Factors of Transitioned-Online Courses on Satisfaction and Learning Effectiveness in Higher Education during the Era of the COVID-19
Full text linkPurpose – This study explored factors of online education that affect student dissatisfaction and learning effectiveness in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research design, data, and methodology – This study combined qualitative and quantitative designs. The qualitative part of this study involved in-depth interviews using a criteria-based purposive sampling technique. The quantitative part of this study consisted of an online survey.
Results – The qualitative results revealed that students faced significant problems related to online learning, including a lack of learning environment, interaction, and support from the school. The quantitative results indicated that the effects of transitioned-online courses on student dissatisfaction were higher with student support, the interaction between students and instructors, online learning environment, and course organization and evaluation based on the order, while the effects on learning effectiveness were higher with the online learning environment, interaction between students and instructors, course organization and evaluation, and student support based on the order.
Conclusion – The results implied that online learning in the era of the COVID 19 pandemic negatively affects student satisfaction and learning effectiveness. Policymakers and school leaders should improve students’ satisfaction and learning effectiveness when confronted with the pandemic. Better policies should be adopted to improve better way of teaching in the era of COVID19.2
Compatibility of the Incompatible: How Does Asymmetric Power Lead to Coexistence of Trust and Distrust in Adversarial Policy Networks?
No full textAsymmetric power has been found to hinder the development of trust that is essential for structuring policy subsystems or networks. Using a multinomial logistic analysis of a local hydraulic fracturing policy network in New York, our findings indicate that (1) power imbalance affects the coexistence of trust and distrust and (2) power imbalance interacting with certain types of social relationships (policy communication, regulation, and knowledge exchange) leads to the coexistence of trust and distrust. We suggest three implications for the governance of policy networks and policy process literature: increasing levels of trust do not guarantee decreasing levels of distrust, asymmetric power has an impact on structuring “ambivalent” relations, and adversarial policy subsystems can take four structural forms depending on the levels of trust and distrust.1
