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Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Visual Security in Perceptually Encrypted Images
No full textResearch onvisual security evaluation (VSE) of perceptually encrypted images largely depends on perceptually encrypted datasets with subjective annotations. However, existing datasets are constrained by limited scene diversity, a narrow range of encryption algorithms, and small scales, restricting the advancement of VSE research. To address these issues, this work investigates both subjective and objective VSE for perceptu ally encrypted images. A large-scale and comprehensive benchmark, named Color Encrypted Image Dataset (CoEIDs), is first constructed. CoEIDs comprises 36 color reference images encrypted by 10 independent and 3 hybrid encryption algorithms under 5-10 strength levels, yielding 2,880 encrypted samples. Standardized subjective testing procedures are employed to obtain visual security (VS) and visual quality (VQ) scores for each image. Based on CoEIDs, we further propose a full-reference VSE model that jointly exploits Global Similarity and Local Residual features (GSLR) to effectively capture both structural consistency and perceptual variations caused by encryption. Extensive experiments on CoEIDs and two public datasets (IVC and PEID) demonstrate that GSLR achieves state-of-the-art performance, which further verifies both the reliability of CoEIDs as a benchmark and the effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed GSLR framework. The dataset and corresponding algorithms will be publicly available at: https://github.com/Xiaodong-Bi/CoEIDs
Tubeless automated insulin delivery versus multiple daily injections in children and adults with type 1 diabetes with elevated HbA 1c (RADIANT):a multicentre, international, parallel-group, open-label, randomised, controlled trial.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have been shown to improve glycaemic outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes managed with insulin pump therapy. No randomised studies have evaluated the benefits of tubeless AID in both adults and children with suboptimal glycaemia compared with multiple daily injections. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a tubeless AID system compared with multiple daily injections in this population.METHODS: RADIANT was a multicentre, international, parallel-group, open-label, randomised, controlled trial done in 19 hospitals in the UK, Belgium, and France. Participants aged 4-70 years with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily injections and continuous glucose monitoring and who had HbA 1c levels of 7·5-11% (58-97 mmol/mol) were randomly assigned (2:1) to tubeless AID or control (multiple daily injections) using a permuted-block design. Participant and study teams were not masked to group allocation. The primary outcome was the adjusted between-group difference in HbA 1c at 13 weeks assessed for superiority. Primary and safety outcomes were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population (all randomly assigned participants). The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05923827, and has been completed. FINDINGS: Between Sept 11, 2023, and April 26, 2024, 188 participants were randomly assigned to the AID group (n=125) or the control group (n=63). The AID group had a greater reduction in HbA 1c, from 8·1% (SD 0·7; 65 mmol/mol [SD 7·7]) at baseline to 7·2% (0·6; 55 mmol/mol [6·6]) at 13 weeks, compared with the control group, from 8·1% (0·6; 65mmol/mol [6·6]) at baseline to 8·0% (0·7; 64 mmol/mol [7·7]) at 13 weeks, with an adjusted mean difference of -0·8% (95% CI -1·0 to -0·6; -8·7 mmol/mol [95% CI -10·9 to -6·6]; p<0·0001). During the 13-week trial, no episodes of severe hypoglycaemia or diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in either treatment group. 39 adverse events were reported among 28 participants in the AID group, and three adverse events among three participants in the control group. Two serious adverse events (Kawasaki disease and acute coronary syndrome) occurred in the AID group unrelated to the study device or procedure. INTERPRETATION: Results from this trial show the clinical efficacy of direct transition from multiple daily injections to tubeless AID in adults and children with type 1 diabetes, with no safety concerns, supporting AID as a therapeutic option within standard of care for people with type 1 diabetes.FUNDING: Insulet Corporation.</p
LG-VGAE: a local and global collaborative variational graph autoencoder for detecting crypto money laundering
No full textGraph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising method for anti-money laundering (AML) applications. However, existing semi-supervised GNN models often collaborate with downstream classifiers in a monotonous manner and tend to focus solely on local or global information. To address these limitations, we propose an unsupervised graph representation learning model called local and global collaborative variational graph autoencoder(LG-VGAE) for detecting cryptocurrency money laundering. Our model seamlessly integrates GNNs that concentrate on both local information and global structure into a unified framework. In experiments using the Elliptic dataset, the representation learned by LG-VGAE improves the precision, recall, and F1 score of the random forest (RF) classifier by 3.7%, 7.0%, and 5.7%, respectively, achieving state-of-the-art results. The experimental results show that the proposed LG-VGAE can better capture financial anomalies and enhance the performance of downstream classifiers. The construction of this graph representation learningmodel provides a new way of introducing GNNs into AML
Being active in Ghana: facilitators, barriers and preferences for being physically active in community settings among Ghanaian adults
Get PDFIntroduction Physical inactivity remains a major risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases. This study investigated physical activity behaviours, as well as barriers, facilitators and preferences that influence participation in a range of community-based physical activity interventions among Ghanaian adults.Methods Adults living in six regions of Ghana completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a researcher-developed structured questionnaire, administered to participants using Kobo Toolbox, with data reported descriptively and analysed using binary logistic regression.Results A total of 1122 out of 1164 participants completed the survey (mean age±SD=31.0±12.0; women=621). Overall, 648 (60.1%) participants engaged in ≥150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA)/week, while 375 (33.4%) participants completed muscle-strengthening exercises≥twice/week. About a quarter of respondents (n=301, 26.8%) were knowledgeable about the guidelines for physical activity. Six out of ten participants expressed that social media is an effective way to encourage regular physical activity among Ghanaian adults. Over half of the participants (n=624, 55.6%) reported they would take part in physical activity interventions if offered by their place of worship and about half (n=443, 45.6%) indicated they would attend gyms/fitness centres regularly if they were more accessible and affordable in Ghana. Being male (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 1.92, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.50), having a basic level of education (AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.29 to 4.63) and being knowledgeable about guidelines for physical activity (AOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.53) were associated with higher odds of engaging in ≥150 min of MVPA per week as per guidance. These findings suggest that social media and faith-based settings may be effective contexts for promoting physical activity in Ghana. Improving accessibility and affordability of gyms/fitness centres may also increase engagement in structured and unstructured physical activity.Conclusion This study found that a large percentage of participants were not meeting the guidance for daily physical activity. Knowledge about the guidelines for physical activity was very low and concerning. Participants expressed a strong preference for physical activity interventions to be delivered through social media channels, by healthcare professionals and in places of worship. These findings highlight the importance of leveraging these settings for promoting physical activity in Ghana
The petrogenesis of Þingmúli volcano, East Fjords; Iceland.
Get PDFIn this work we revisit Þingmúli volcano (Þ = Th), a classic locality known as an example of a complete tholeiitic differentiation. Þingmúli is a ~9.5 Ma extinct central volcano located in the East Fjords of Iceland, in which the whole compositional spectrum from basalt to rhyolites have erupted. These volcanic products have beenpreviously considered as petrogenetically related by an ideal fractionation trend,regardless any temporal relationship or volumetric considerations.Here we report new whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, isotope analyses,estimation of residence times of the different eruptive deposits, and an update of theoriginal petrogenetic model. Our results highlight that an enriched source, likely spinel lherzolites, generated transitional-alkaline basaltic melts after 15-20% of partial melting at depths of 40-45 km. Many of these basaltic melts erupted at various stages of the volcano’s history, while others remained longer in the volcanic plumbing system. These evolved by fractional crystallisation into basaltic andesite magmas with a residence time of ~5 years based on the crystal size distribution of the plagioclase population.Isotopic differences between the basalts/basaltic andesites (87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.7034;143Nd/144Nd ~0.51315) and the erupted rhyolites (87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.7037; 143Nd/144Nd~0.51304) indicate that the latter are not petrogenetically related to the former.Therefore, instead of a fractional crystallisation mechanism to generate the rhyolites,we propose the partial melting of ignimbrite layers located beneath the volcano. Thebroad range of trace element concentrations in andesites and dacites and theirdifferent isotopic values compared to the basalts strongly suggest that these magmashave been generated by magma mixing between basaltic and rhyolitic melts, similar to modern day Icelandic volcanoes such as Hekla. These results highlight the need torevisit previously studied Icelandic classic localities and reassess their traditionallyproposed petrogenetic models
Measures of identity in adolescents/young adults with long-term physical health conditions: A systematic review
Get PDFObjective: We identified and evaluated measures of identity used with adolescents/young adults aged 16–24 years living with long-term physical health conditions (LTC-P), focusing on the conceptualisation, development, and psychometric properties of measures. Review funded by Sir Halley Stewart Trust and the University of Bath. Review protocol: https://osf.io/bhkze. Methods: Five databases (APA PsychNET, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL) were searched. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, reported participants aged 16–24 with LTC-P, and used a quantitative identity measure. Psychometric properties and risk of bias were evaluated using COSMIN quality criteria, and content validity was reviewed narratively. Data analysis and synthesis followed COSMIN methodology for reviews.Results: Thirty-eight papers met inclusion criteria, involving 9,663 participants and 16 identity measures. Across the papers, identity was defined and conceptualised in varied ways. Only three measures; the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ), Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS), and Identity Motives Scale (IMS), were used in multiple studies and assessed for psychometric quality. Evaluated properties included structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and construct validity. The IIQ and DIDS were tentatively recommended for use. The IMS was rated as needing further validation due to limited content validity. Conclusions: The IIQ and DIDS may be appropriate when their conceptual focus aligns with research objectives. Remaining measures should be used cautiously; many lack developmental or condition-specific relevance. Future identity measure development should integrate lived experience, expert input, and rigorous psychometric testing to ensure tools are both meaningful and fit for purpose in target populations
The ‘Walking/Wheeling With’ Framework: Establishing Walking/Wheeling with Children as a Mobility Justice Issue
Get PDFAdopting a mobility justice lens, this review paper brings together the often-fragmented literature on walking and wheeling with children and develops a ‘Walking/Wheeling With’ framework to understand and address the infrastructural, social, and cultural barriers that constrain these mobilities, and celebrate the many benefits they bring at the individual, family, community and planetary levels. Rooted in the everyday realities of caregiving mobilities, and adopting a disability-conscious lens, this framework emphasises that the removal of barriers to mobility enhances inclusion for all. Drawing from history, geography, disability studies, environmental planning, social policy, mental health, physical activity, and early childhood studies, we argue for a more cohesive, inclusive, and cross-sectoral research and policy agenda that recognises walking or wheeling with children as a site of both challenge and possibility. Ultimately, the ‘Walking/Wheeling With’ framework demands from researchers and policy makers alike that they systematically consider family/caring mobilities in relation to broader questions of access, inclusion, and movement in contemporary society. In practice, this might mean decentering speed and car-commuting while centering physical safety, slowness, health, civic engagement, environmental justice and inclusivity
Dossier: Sites of struggle:Television’s cultural and economic value
Get PDFIn the age of the Anthropocene, television can play a key role in shifting ideologies. However, achieving this is difficult when television continues to operate as a ‘site struggle’ – pulled between complex negotiations of capital and culture. If in the 20th century, scholars were interested in teasing out the value(s) of television to argue for its potential contribution to socio-cultural transformation, in the 21st century, questions of television’s value(s) and potentialities have become even more critical – and vexing. This dossier brings together the research and reflections of scholars variously tackling questions of television’s value in the contemporary moment
Elective Admission to Critical Care
No full textThis chapter examines and discusses both the organisational and clinical aspects of elective admissions to a paediatric critical care unit. Using two case studies, it engages the reader in considering these two aspects and considerations for optimising the care of the child for elective admission to critical care. Finally, it discusses the preparation both physically and psychologically for a child and family for a critical care unit admission.</p