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Dossier: Sites of struggle:Television’s cultural and economic value
Get PDFIn the age of the Anthropocene, television can play a key role in shifting ideologies. However, achieving this is difficult when television continues to operate as a ‘site struggle’ – pulled between complex negotiations of capital and culture. If in the 20th century, scholars were interested in teasing out the value(s) of television to argue for its potential contribution to socio-cultural transformation, in the 21st century, questions of television’s value(s) and potentialities have become even more critical – and vexing. This dossier brings together the research and reflections of scholars variously tackling questions of television’s value in the contemporary moment
Framing and the Mechanisms of Criminalisation in the Migration Context
Get PDFThis scoping review synthesises empirical literature on the criminalisation of migrants, focusing on how criminalisation is framed and the mechanisms through which it is enacted and experienced. Drawing on 16 peer-reviewed studies published between 2013 and 2023, the review demonstrates that criminalisation operates as a multidimensional regime of governance, extending beyond formal law enforcement to encompass spatial, administrative, discursive, and internalised forms of regulation. Criminalisation is shown to function through anticipatory suspicion, racialised moral sorting, and the bureaucratic production of illegitimacy governing migrant life through control, delay, surveillance, and symbolic devaluation. Thematic analysis reveals four key modalities: (1) spatial and institutional control; (2) administrative and legal mechanisms of control; (3) discursive and symbolic violence; and (4) internalised moral governance. These mechanisms intersect to produce a lived experience of marginalisation, in which migrants are simultaneously managed, silenced, and morally judged
Diabetes self‐management education and its association with hospital admissions and premature mortality: A scoping review and meta‐analysis
Get PDFType 2 diabetes is associated with increased all‐cause hospital admissions and premature mortality. Diabetes self‐management education (DSME) is internationally recommended but its impact on reducing hospital admissions and premature mortality is unclear. This scoping review followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and explores the relationship between DSME, hospital admissions and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes. Core search terms for type 2 diabetes were combined with terms for DSME, hospital admission, and mortality. Searches were conducted on 10 January 2024, and checked in September 2025, across three electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. No restrictions were applied regarding study design, quality, location, or sex. The search yielded 294 records from databases and 66 from manual searches; 42 met inclusion criteria. Evidence regarding hospitalisation was inconsistent, with heterogenous outcome definitions and frequent reporting of admissions as a reason for attrition. Meta‐analysis showed a non‐significant 9% reduction in admission risk among DSME groups. By contrast, meta‐regression found that whether mortality was reported as a primary outcome significantly moderated the treatment effect (p = 0.0002), fully accounting for between‐study heterogeneity (τ2 = 0; I 2 = 0%; R 2 = 100%). A final pooled analysis, restricted to studies with mortality as a primary outcome, demonstrated a ~45% reduction in mortality risk (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.47–0.63, p < 0.0001). DSME may offer a survival benefit for adults with type 2 diabetes, but current evidence does not support an association with reduced hospitalisation. Standardisation of DSME content and outcome reporting is essential to improve comparability
Perspectives of stakeholders on running 'Pill School' in community settings:a survey based study
No full textOBJECTIVES: Liquid formulations are the most widely used pharmaceutical forms among children but may not be the most appropriate. 'Pill School' methodologies exist to teach children how to swallow tablets but are not yet integrated into primary care. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders on running 'Pill Schools'.METHODS: We used tailored surveys to gather perspectives from four key stakeholder groups: children and young people (CYP); parents and carers; school staff; and healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in general practice.KEY FINDINGS: In total, 140 people participated, including 11 CYP, 22 parents, 16 school-based staff (50%, n = 8 were head teachers), 91 primary care-based HCPs most of whom were GPs (60.4%, n = 55), pharmacists (16.5%, n = 15), and nurses (10%, n = 9). Most stakeholders consulted were supportive of the concept of 'Pill School'. Common enablers mentioned by HCPs were time and funding. The main barriers mentioned were time, capacity and workload with others citing parental concerns in addition.CONCLUSIONS: The consultation explored stakeholders' perspectives of teaching children to swallow tablets in community settings. Most stakeholders were supportive of the concept of 'Pill School'. HCPs favoured starting with children aged 4 and above whilst parents and school staff favoured starting with children from 8 years and above. There was a clear interest in taking this forward to equip children with this life skill early on, avoiding them becoming adults who have difficulty swallowing tablets.</p
Cultivating Learning Cultures:Building Trust With Apprentices in a Swiss Telecommunications Company
Get PDFContext: In Switzerland, about two-thirds of young people start dual vocational education and training (VET) at around 15 years of age. Research shows that they are challenged in many ways during this phase of their lives and are therefore particularly vulnerable. Thus, supporting the transition of apprentices from school to the workplace environment requires careful attention. Trust is predicated upon the individual’s willingness to be vulnerable, and as such enterprises which offer VET to young learners must consider how they structure trust-building processes into their learning cultures.Method: A case study approach was adopted to investigate apprenticeship provision in the largest telecommunications company in Switzerland. Over the course of one year, 24 semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted with apprentices, coaches and man-agers. The qualitative data were processed through condensation, building categories and paraphrasing, by following Bohnsack's formulative interpretation method.Findings: The initial investigation of the learning culture within the company found that a cooperative culture of trust is crucial for educational success. In this context, the way rela-tionships were formed in the workplace was particularly significant. Expressed through constructive feedback and error culture, learners were supported to take risks and learn from their mistakes. Active participation was also highly valued, leading to a felt sense of recognition and belonging to the organisation.Conclusion: Trustful relationships within the apprenticeship proved to be a foundational conviction in the company, and while it must be noted that trust is not the sole predictor of success in VET, the learning culture facilitated by trust-building processes afforded oppor-tunities for apprentices to take ownership of their own learning, through negotiated out-comes; leading to creative autonomy and contributions that were to the benefit of the enter-prise
Chemistry of Hypoxanthine: Advancement in Derivatization and Drug Development
No full textHeterocyclic compounds, especially nitrogen‐containing ones, have emerged as central focus in organic synthesis, driven by their vast synthetic versatility and functional utility. Hypoxanthine and its derivatives have long intrigued chemists due to their distinctive chemical structure and versatile biological properties. As a key purine derivative involved in nucleotide metabolism, hypoxanthine plays a vital role in many cellular processes. Recently, it has been investigated as a biomarker for various diseases including hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, colorectal cancer, Alzheimer's and cardiac ischemia. Its derivatives attracted much attention nowadays owing to their diverse biological profile such as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antimalarial effects. The flexibility to modify hypoxanthine's core structure has facilitated the creation of numerous therapeutic agents, positioning hypoxanthine as a key subject of interest in medicinal chemistry and drug design. This review primarily targets on the methodologies for synthesizing hypoxanthine derivatives and assists the future researcher for developing bioactive scaffolds with enhanced pharmacokinetics and clinical translation by advancement in prodrug design
Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences
No full textThe same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1–3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts’ choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, where for one claim per study, at least five re-analysts independently re-analysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the re-analyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent re-analyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of +/- 0.05 Cohen’s d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator rose to 57%. Regarding the conclusions drawn, 74% of analyses were reported to arrive at the same conclusion as in the original investigation; 24% to no effects/inconclusive result, and 2% to the opposite effect as in the original investigation. This exploratory study suggests that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not simply be assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty
Training-Only Heterogeneous Image-Patch-Text Graph Supervision for Advancing Few-Shot Learning Adapters:TOGA
No full textRecent adapter-based CLIP tuning (e.g., Tip-Adapter) is a strong few-shot learner, achieving efficiency by caching support features for fast prototype matching. However, these methods rely on global uni-modal feature vectors, overlooking fine-grained patch relations and their structural alignment with class text. To bridge this gap without incurring inference costs, we introduce a novel asymmetric training-only framework. Instead of altering the lightweight adapter, we construct a high-capacity auxiliary Heterogeneous Graph Teacher that operates solely during training. This teacher (i) integrates multi-scale visual patches and text prompts into a unified graph, (ii) performs deep cross-modal reasoning via a Modality-aware Graph Transformer (MGT), and (iii) applies discriminative node filtering to extract high-fidelity class features. Crucially, we employ a cache-aware dual-objective strategy to supervise this relational knowledge directly into the Tip-Adapter’s key–value cache, effectively upgrading the prototypes while the graph teacher is discarded at test time. Thus, inference remains identical to Tip-Adapter with zero extra latency or memory. Across standard 1-16-shot benchmarks, our method consistently establishes a new state-of-the-art. Ablations confirm that the auxiliary graph supervision, text-guided reasoning, and node filtering are the essential ingredients for robust few-shot adaptation
Suicidal Behaviour Among Male Victims and Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review
Get PDFPurpose Traditionally, research on the psychological effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) has centered predominantly on women, with relatively limited attention given to the experiences of men, particularly concerning suicide risk. Although a growing body of evidence acknowledges that men can also be victims or survivors of IPV, the association between IPV and male suicidality has not been explored with comparable depth or urgency. As a result, critical gaps remain in our under-standing of how IPV contributes to suicidal ideation and behavior among men, thereby limiting the development of gender-responsive support services and policy interventions. To address this gap, a scoping review was conducted to synthesize current scholarship and identify areas of underexplored knowledge. Methods A scoping review methodology was applied in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The databases Pro-Quest Central, CINAHL, and Scopus were systematically searched for studies published between January 2014 and May 2025. Eligible studies focused on the associations between male victims of IPV and suicidal behavior. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion. Disagreements between the two reviewers were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. This resulted in the inclusion of 25 studies. Data were extracted on study characteristics, main findings, and research gaps. Findings were synthesized using content analysis, resulting in three key themes: (1) Gender Differences and Suicidality, (2) Teen Dating Violence, and (3) Adult Male IPV and Suicide. Results Across these themes, findings consistently highlight the role of relationship conflict, particularly IPV, in elevating suicide risk among men. While current research underscores the need to address intersecting stressors such as social stigma, financial hardship, substance misuse, and mental health conditions, a detailed content analysis of the included studies reveals ongoing gaps in the literature. Conclusion These findings call for a more nuanced, gender-sensitive approach to IPV prevention and suicide intervention that reflects the unique experiences and barriers faced by male victims and survivors
Contributors to negative biopsychosocial outcomes in rugby players (CoNBO):part 1 the systematic review
Get PDFObjective This review aimed to establish the contributors to negative biopsychosocial outcomes in rugby, defined as unexpected adverse changes in players’ physical, psychological, social or health status. Design Systematic review. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL. Eligibility criteria Studies were eligible if they investigated a physical, psychological or social factor which results in a negative biopsychosocial outcome in men’s or women’s rugby union, league or sevens. Studies were excluded if they did not differentiate outcome measures between rugby and other sports or did not differentiate outcome measures (ie, positive or negative) between physical/psychological/social factors and other factors. Results 9165 studies were identified in the initial search and two studies were identified from reference lists, 151 of which met the inclusion criteria (104 rugby union, 46 rugby league, 6 rugby sevens; 141 men, 16 women; 37 youth populations). 29 contributor groups and eight negative biopsychosocial outcome groups were identified. Previous injury (n=26), physical characteristics (n=32), training and match load (n=30) and factors within the contact event (n=22) were the most identified contributor groups. The negative biopsychosocial outcome of injury was investigated by 84% of studies. Conclusion Overall, the systematic review summarises the contributors to negative biopsychosocial outcomes within the current evidence base. There is a focus on previous injury, physical characteristics, training and match load and factors within the contact event as contributors to negative biopsychosocial outcomes. Eight studies investigated women’s cohorts independently from men; this underrepresentation within the literature could lead to the potential omittance of women-specific contributors. Prospero registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD4202234675