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Novel cyanobacterial strains modulate morphophysiological traits of Lemna trisulca : insights from short- and long-term interactions
No full textOvert pronouns in null subject languages : experimental investigation of Kashubian, Polish, and Silesian
No full textInterpretive differences between overt subject pronouns relative to null
subject pronouns are commonly considered a defining property of Consistent Null
Subject Languages (CNSLs), in contradistinction to Partial Null Subject Languages
(PNSLs). In this article, we present the results of two experimental studies which
challenge this view with respect to two environments: variable binding and pronominal coreference (binding) under double embedding. Having shown that given
the two phenomena, all four logically possible patterns of binding of overt pronouns
are attested in languages with null arguments, we propose that a theoretically
meaningful typological pro-drop classification should move away from facts
surrounding the binding or interpretation of overt pronouns, and should instead
focus on what kind of derivational mechanism a language has to yield a null subject
structure. Specifically, CNSLs are characterised by a ‘rich’ inflection-based mechanism, in contrast to PNSLs, for which alternative proposals have been made
Vibrational spectroscopy methods reveal biochemical changes associated with the glial scar formation after traumatic brain injury
Full text linkTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious clinical and social problem. Millions of TBI cases, that require hospitalization and consequently burden social security systems, are reported each year. Analysis of the time course of changes that occur in the brain after primary injury may help indicate therapeutic goals and treatment directions that will minimize severe secondary effects of TBI. Existing animal models simulating the development of TBI in human are divided into two main groups, namely into diffuse and local models. Diffuse injury models are ideal for studying concussions and long-term effects of TBI, as they replicate global changes occurring in brain. Local injury models excel in examining focal brain damage and testing region-specific therapies, they also offer greater control and reproducibility. In our study local induction of TBI enabled better control of the extent of the damage and thus reduced the number of animals needed for the experiment. As part of the work, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and complementary Raman microscopy were used to track the time course of biochemical changes that occur in the rat cerebral cortex as a result of its local mechanical damage. Comparative studies, carried out for the injury site and microscopically unaffected area of the cerebral cortex, indicated some anomalies in the accumulation and structure of organic compounds, including a reduction of the level of cholesterol/cholesterol esters (approx. 30 % in first two examined periods after TBI) and the compounds containing phosphate groups (approx. 25 %), as well as the conformational changes of proteins and lipids in the injury site comparing to unchanged cortex tissue. The comparison of the glial scar development in male and female rats showed only a very subtle differences between sexes. Among them it is necessary to mention the diminished unsaturation degree of lipids within the scar in case of female rats that was not found in males. The obtained results substantiated that vibrational microspectroscopy methods represent powerful, non-destructive tool of high-resolution biomolecular analysis of brain tissue. These techniques enable the identification of biochemical alterations linked to glial scarring following TBI, allow for the monitoring of the dynamics of this process, and provide insights into the sex-dependence of the recorded anomalies. This knowledge could prove instrumental in identifying potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of TBI, as well as in the development of new therapeutic strategies for managing this condition
Resilience and self-organisation of the Polish migration governance system : experiences from the first months of the "Ukrainian refugee crisis" of 2022
Full text linkUnder the governance of Poland’s Law and Justice party, marked by an illiberal approach, migration management policies took on pronounced securitising features, causing friction with non-governmental organisations and relocating migration policy into the realm of national security. This shift involved a siege mentality, challenging not only EU migration and border policies but also the international human rights framework and the very concept of asylum. The Ukrainian conflict and the subsequent surge of refugees across the Polish border revealed the limitations of this restrictive strategy, prompting concerns about the potential collapse of Poland’s migration governance system. In response, there was a substantial mobilisation of civic resources, resulting in spontaneous and inventive self-organisation within the system. While this enhanced resilience during the initial phase of the “Ukrainian refugee crisis,” it simultaneously triggered both horizontal and vertical tensions within the governance structure. This chapter focuses on scrutinising the resilience and self-organisation within Poland’s migration governance, elucidating how these elements bolstered the system’s capacity to navigate challenges during the crisis’s early stages. This analysis draws on qualitative data, encompassing content analysis of official reports from governmental and non-governmental bodies overseeing the Ukrainian refugee influx. Additionally, it incorporates publicly available witness accounts and statements from volunteers involved in the crisis response
The relationship between self-esteem and aggressive behavior : exploring the mediating role of loneliness and sympathy for violent radicalization
No full textObjective : this study aimed to address the gap in knowledge by investigating a comprehensive model that simultaneously examines the direct effects of self-esteem on aggression and the indirect effects mediated by loneliness and sympathy for violent radicalization. In this way, we seek to provide a deeper understanding of how these socioemotional and ideological factors are collectively related to aggressive behavior among young people. Method: Data were collected from 767 university students (M = 21.14, SD = 1.90) using an online survey containing self-report scales on self-esteem, loneliness, violent radicalization, and aggressive behavior. The main analyses were conducted using path analysis with a maximum likelihood estimator. Results : the results indicate that the direct effect of self-esteem on aggressive behavior was nonsignificant. Aggression was directly related to loneliness and sympathy for violent radicalization, with loneliness showing the strongest association. Simultaneously, path analysis confirmed two indirect effects from self-esteem to aggressive behavior, one via loneliness and the other via radicalization. Additionally, a sequential pathway emerged, showing that self-esteem influences aggressive behavior through loneliness and then radicalization. Conclusions : the findings demonstrate that self-esteem indirectly influences aggressive behavior through its connections with loneliness and sympathy for violent radicalization, without a direct effect on aggression. These results underscore the importance of addressing loneliness and the need to mitigate the influence of loneliness and radical ideologies in interventions targeting aggressive behavior, with a focus on promoting inclusive environments that foster social belonging. Public Significance Statement: This study highlights that low self-esteem in young adults can lead to loneliness, which may foster aggressive behavior and increase susceptibility to radical ideologies that justify aggression. These findings point to the importance of addressing loneliness and the influence of radical ideologies in programs aimed at reducing aggression
Phylogeography and contact zones of the common grass snake in Poland (Squamata: Natricidae: Natrix natrix)
No full textUntil now, the genetic identity of common grass snakes (Natrix natrix) in Poland remained poorly understood. This study presents the first comprehensive phylogeographic analysis for Poland using mitochondrial DNA sequences (cyt b and ND4 + tRNAs) and 13 nuclear microsatellite loci. A total of 982 individuals from Poland and adjacent countries were analysed. Three mitochondrial lineages were identified, with partially overlapping distributions. A Bayesian cluster analysis of microsatellite data revealed three genetic clusters corresponding to distinct mitochondrial lineages and the subspecies N. n. natrix, N. n. vulgaris, and N. n. scutata, respectively, albeit with extensive admixture. The mitochondrial lineage of the nominotypical subspecies occurs in the centre and west of the country, the lineage of N. n. vulgaris mainly in the south and southeast, and the lineage of N. n. scutata mainly in the very east. However, Poland represents a complex hybrid zone, with widespread admixture and many individuals with mitonuclear discordance, indicating extensive gene flow. Nuclear genomic signatures of N. n. scutata were found to be widely distributed, also far beyond the occurrence of the respective mitochondrial lineage in eastern Poland. This provides evidence for a dynamic hybrid zone moving from the east to the west and for a westward expansion of N. n. scutata. The present phylogeographic pattern reflects complex postglacial range dynamics, namely the admixture of N. n. natrix, a Central European survivor during the last glaciation, with the postglacial invaders N. n. vulgaris from the southeast and N. n. scutata from the east
Exploring the electrocatalytic performance of PdIrSnZnMo high entropy alloy (HEA) towards the hydrogen evolution reaction in an acidic medium : a theoretically supported approach
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