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    Polish theatre life in Lviv between 1939 and 1946

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    Monografia poświęcona polskiemu życiu teatralnemu we Lwowie w latach 1939-1946 jest opowieścią o jednym z najbardziej dramatycznych okresów w historii miasta i jego kultury, w którym sztuka sceniczna została uwikłana w burzliwe dzieje II wojny światowej. Autorowi chodziło nie tylko o faktograficzną precyzję i rekonstrukcję artystycznych przedsięwzięć, lecz także o próbę ukazania ludzi stojących za tym teatrem: twórców i wykonawców, którym przyszło działać w realiach wojny i okupacji. To historia ich ambicji i nadziei, lęków i rozczarowań, heroicznych postaw, ale też dramatycznych kompromisów i upadków moralnych, które z dzisiejszej perspektywy wymykają się jednoznacznej ocenie. Książka ukazuje zmieniające się oblicze lwowskiego życia teatralnego w okresie dwóch okupacji sowieckich oraz okupacji niemieckiej, kiedy polskie sceny podlegały zakazowi działalności. Przedstawione zostały rozmaite formy aktywności teatralnej - od scen zawodowych po amatorskie, od teatru dramatycznego po rewiowy, zarówno te działające oficjalnie, jak i te ukryte w podziemiu.The history of Polish theatre life in Lviv during World War II is not rich in great artistic breakthroughs or performances that would have left a lasting mark on the history of Polish theatre. There are no productions that have been analysed for years, no outstanding set designs or acting performances that would open new paths in art. And yet, it is an extremely fascinating story - dramatic, marked by human dilemmas, the necessity to make choices in situations where every solution had bitter consequences. It is a story that raises questions without clear answers. Polish theatre in Lviv - along with the people who co-created it - found itself trapped in politics and propaganda. These factors determined its existence, artistic form and the functions it was to fulfil. Artists, deprived of their role as independent creators, became tools in the hands of successive regimes. And yet, the theatre tried to save at least a fraction of its freedom and independence - sometimes heroically, other times at the cost of compromises that are difficult to judge unequivocally years later

    Tuning potassium concentration in empowered supports for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis

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    Potassium substitution in the A site of a LaAl0.8Mn0.2O3δLaAl_{0.8}Mn_{0.2}O_{3-δ} perovskite was investigated as a strategy to anchor the promoter within a crystalline matrix thus suppressing its mobility under reaction conditions and enhancing the performance of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts. A series of La1xKxAl0.8Mn0.2O3δLa_{1-x}K_{x}Al_{0.8}Mn_{0.2}O_{3-δ} (x = 0 to 8 at.%) perovskites was prepared and subsequently loaded with pre-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. Quantitative in situ X-ray diffraction revealed that potassium incorporation delays the reduction of the Fe3O4Fe_{3}O_{4} phase and accelerates the rate of carburization, resulting in a higher crystalline iron carbide content at increased potassium concentrations. Under low temperature FT conditions (240°C,15bar,H2/CO=2)(240 °C, 15 bar, H_{2}/CO = 2) CO conversion and CO2CO_{2} selectivity increased with potassium loading, while C5C_{5} + selectivity peaked at 2 at.% potassium in the A site of the perovskite lattice. At the same loading, thermal alkali desorption and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies revealed that potassium remains strongly anchored within the lattice yet sufficiently electronically active to enhance CO activation without over-promoting the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction, thereby maximizing chain growth selectivity. These results highlight the potential of fine-tuning concentrations of promoters in empowered supports to optimize catalyst performance, offering a stable and controllable alternative to conventional deposition or impregnation methods

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