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    Public perception of Czechoslovakia's dissolution in the Czech Republic

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    Although the 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the emergence of two new states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, on the political map of Europe, no longer dominate public discourse in Czech society today, the process remains a subject of reflection and evaluation, as opinion polls show. Czechs tend to view the division of Czechoslovakia negatively, although these attitudes have softened over time. These assessments suggest that the decision to partition Czechoslovakia was primarily driven by politicians, particularly by Vacláv Klaus and Vladimir Mečiar. The strongest criticism is that the public was not consulted, as no referendum was held, despite the legal possibility of doing so

    French perspectives on the future of Europe : debating European sovereignty

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    Keen to develop the European Union (EU), the French President Emmanuel Macron has played a key role in the current debate on the future of Europe (FoE) at the supranational level. His vision of “European sovereignty” has indeed been at the heart of many discussions around the EU's future. At the national level, however, his pro-European attitude has been criticised by several political actors for putting European affairs higher on the political agenda than domestic ones. Against this background, this chapter investigates French political parties’ stances on European integration, and more specifically on reforming the EU. Through a qualitative analysis of parliamentary debates on the future of Europe in the French parliament over the period 2015–2021, this research disentangles political parties’ views on the EU's future. While all parties in parliament claimed that democracy in Europe needs to be strengthened, they hold completely diverging views on the way to rectify the EU's perceived democratic malfunctioning, as well as on the path EU integration should take. Furthermore, the notion of European sovereignty has been closely debated in the domestic parliamentary arena, it has yet received fierce criticism from the opposition on both sides of the political spectrum and seems to have exacerbated calls to protect national sovereignty and limit European integration

    Dangerous victims? : teaching nationalist youth about the Holocaust : challenges and strategies in Poland

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    This chapter will elaborate on challenges to education about the Holocaust (EaH) in Poland in the context of the proliferation of memory discourses. The revival of certain antisemitic attitudes among the so-called nationalist youth will be addressed, using specific examples from empirical research carried out in Poland between 2019 and 2022. The research was conducted as part of the Sites of Tension project, reflecting the memory of the Shoah. The chapter will focus on the politicization of Holocaust memory in post-2015 Poland as a factor influencing EaH and on good practices attempting to counteract the attitudes of radical, nationalist youth

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