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    European Parliament groups' perspectives on the future of Europe : in the European house of conflicting ideas

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    The European Parliament offers a unique opportunity to examine how the European Union's future is debated – by the supranational representatives of its citizens. This chapter therefore analyses a selection of plenary debates related to the future of the European integration, focusing on the reform proposals put forward by European political groups concerning key democratic issues, such as differentiated integration and dominance within the Union. This reveals nuanced differences between and within the groups that go beyond the simplistic pro- versus anti-European integration divide

    Effect of copper introduction via wet-impregnation on the performance of Mg-Al mixed metal oxides in selective ammonia oxidation

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    This study investigates catalytic efficiency of Cu-impregnated Mg-Al hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides as selective ammonia oxidation (NH3SCO)(NH_{3}-SCO) catalysts. Copper was introduced via wet impregnation method onto calcined Mg-Al oxides followed by recalcination at 600 and 800 °C. Cu loading was in range 5–15 wt% to determine the loading effect. Obtained materials were characterized by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, low temperature nitrogen physisorption or temperature programmed reduction) and tested as catalysts of NH3SCONH_{3}-SCO. The study revealed that catalytic activity and selectivity are significantly influenced by copper loading and its surface accessibility rather than calcination temperature. Obtained results highlighted crucial role of dispersed, non-isolated, CuO species in selective and efficient NH3NH_{3} oxidation. The formation of bulk-like species led to unselective oxidation and formation of side products, while presence of isolated CuO species lowers the activity. The characterisation results together with catalytic tests show that enhancing copper accessibility and reducibility on the materials surface result in better catalytic efficiency. The materials impregnation allows greater surface exposure of active copper species compared to materials where Cu was introduced during parent hydrotalcite co-precipitation. Results suggest that use of well-developed surface area support allow copper loading increase without formation of undesired bulk-like species

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