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TFEB coordinates autophagosome biogenesis and ribophagy during starvation via SQSTM1
No full text(Macro)autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation pathway that delivers substrates to lysosomes via autophagosomes. Among various physiological stimuli, nutrient starvation is the most potent inducer of autophagy. In response to starvation, transcription factor EB (TFEB) is activated and up-regulates a broad set of autophagy-related genes. However, the mechanisms by which TFEB promotes autophagosome biogenesis remain incom pletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that TFEB-mediated transcriptional induction of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1; p62) triggers the formation of SQSTM1-positive bodies that recruit essential autophagy factors, there by initiating autophagosome biogenesis. Genetic disruption of TFEB-dependent SQSTM1 regulation markedly impairs starvation-induced autophagy, underscoring the critical role of the TFEB-SQSTM1 axis in the autophagic response to nutrient stress. Furthermore, we show that these SQSTM1 bodies contain ubiquitinated ribo somal proteins and that TFEB promotes ribosomal protein ubiquitination by inducing the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNF598. Collectively, our findings uncover a transcriptionally coordinated mechanism that regulates both au tophagosome biogenesis and substrate ubiquitination, facilitating efficient cargo clearance during starvation-induced autophagy
Distributed Sensing for Advanced Air Mobility in Varying Environments
No full textA sensor dataset was acquired from approximately 100 low-altitude flight operations across NASA Langley Research Center, NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, and Castel Campagnano Italy to develop and advance distributed sensing techniques to enable widespread autonomous Advanced Air Mobility Operations. The objective of these experiments is to create a comprehensive database of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)-like aircraft performing varying maneuvers in different sensing environments for evaluating the generalizability of sensors and tracking algorithm performance. Preliminary outputs of existing sensing algorithms are presented herein
Beneficial effect of oat-based postbiotics produced through capsule or free-cell fermentation on lipopolysaccharide activated intestinal cells
No full textThe aim of this study was to design an innovative oat fermentation process using capsules to produce postbiotics with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. Capsule fermentation led to higher bacterial growth (3.30*109 CFU/mL) and lactic acid production (20.49 mg/mL), compared to traditional free-cell fermentation (4.73*108 CFU/mL and 9.08 mg/mL, respectively), along with increased cell and product yields. The dried postbiotics were also subjected to in vitro digestion, mimicking the gastrointestinal one. A functional characterization of the four postbiotics, undigested and digested postbiotics from both capsule and free-cell fermentation, was performed using the HCT116 colon cell line. All four products prevented LPS- induced activation of the inflammatory pathway, protein oxidative damage, and impaired glutathione reductase activity, with digested postbiotics being more effective than undigested ones. These findings demonstrate that the capsule-based postbiotic is a promising candidate as a functional food with potential applications in nutraceuticals, animal feeding, and cosmetics
Variable Signaling of Defense Status in Natural Populations of the Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae)
No full textGlucosinolates (GS) are sulfur-containing compounds that serve as a deterrentto herbivores, though are tolerated by some specialized insects. The correlation of GS with floral traits such as colour and scent might represent a signaling of defense status, a pattern rarely recorded in natural populations. We used Raphanus raphanistrum to discover GS signaling patterns and their effects on plant fitness. We recorded fitness, floral colour, GS, and floral Volatile Organic Compounds (fVOCs) from five natural populations. We then tested correlations among traits at the species level and at the population level. Plant fitness was not correlated with any of the GS and fVOCs analysed. At the species level, flower colour was correlated with GS levels in leaves indicating that there might be visual signaling of defense status, while there was a weak correlation between minor GS and fVOCs. However, at the population level, we found multiple and discordant significant correlations, mainly negative, between GS and fVOCs. Our study indicates that signaling channels used by R. raphanistrum to advertise its chemical defense are complex and variable among populations suggesting that they can be shaped by biotic networks of pollinators and herbivores varying in space
Process map, microstructure, hardness and corrosion properties of gas metal arc additive manufacturing (GMA-AM) of Invar 36 alloy
No full textThree-dimensional tracking of particle migration in viscoelastic fluids via oscillatory microfluidics
No full textWe present an experimental microfluidic platform capable of reconstructing full three-dimensional trajectories of single particles in viscoelastic fluids by exploiting oscillatory flow. The system combines synchronized high-speed imaging from orthogonal perspectives with a custom-fabricated square microchannel and optical correction techniques, enabling high-resolution, time-resolved observation of particle dynamics. The device is applied to study the migration of spherical particles in Polyethylene Oxide solutions, providing the first complete measurements of particle trajectories in such flows. The effects of initial particle position, flow rate, oscillation period, and fluid rheology are systematically analyzed
L’antiquaria capuana della prima età moderna e il Museo Campano
No full textL’antiquaria capuana della prima età moderna è un fenomeno duraturo e complesso che, lungi dal rivestire un interesse meramente locale, è intimamente connesso con le principali esperienze culturali italiane ed europee. In questo lavoro, l’interesse nutrito a Capua per le antichità locali viene analizzato alla luce sia della letteratura antiquaria che dei documenti conservati nel Museo Campano di Capua. Dopo un periodo in cui il governo cittadino è centrale nel promuovere lo studio delle antichità locali, l’antiquaria viene portata avanti, nel periodo della Controriforma, che costituisce l’acme di questa fioritura, da ecclesiastici come l’arcivescovo Cesare Costa e i membri dell’Accademia dei Rapiti. La fine del saggio è dedicata alla poesia antiquaria in latino di Giovanni Carlo Morelli, con edizione e traduzione dell’epigramma dedicato capitolium capuano
