4053 research outputs found
Sort by
The effects of antioxidant combination on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats
No full textPubMed ID: 30942158The aim of this study is an investigation the protective effects of vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin E (Vit E), ?-carotene, sodium selenate combination in indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I: Intact animals (control). Group II: Control animals receiving Vit C (100 mg/kg/day), Vit E (100 mg/kg/day), ?-carotene (15 mg/kg/day) and sodium selenate (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. Group III: Animals receiving 25 mg/kg indomethacin. Group IV: Animals receiving Vit C, Vit E, ?-carotene and sodium selenate (in same doses) for 3 days 2 h before the administration of indomethacin. Group V: Animals receiving ranitidine (150 mg/kg) for 3 days. Group VI: Animals receiving ranitidine for 3 days 2 h before to the administration of indomethacin (in same dose and time). The administration of indomethacin caused a decrease in the levels of glutathione, mucus, hexosamine and in the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, sodium-potassium ATPase, thromboplastic activity and an increase in the aspartate and alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase activities and sialic acid, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels. Stomach caspase-8 immun+ cell numbers showed a slight increase while caspase-9 immun+ cell numbers reduced in indomethacin given group compared to control animals. Our results findings suggest that the combination of Vit C, Vit E, ?-carotene, sodium selenate and ranitidine has a protective effect on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury of rats
Clinical practice guideline on peri- and postoperative care of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts for haemodialysis in adults
No full textPubMed ID: 31192372[No abstract available]Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust School of Medicine TaulíI3PT National Institute for Health Research1ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy, 2Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop, Bottrop, Germany, 3University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, 4Glan Clwyd Hospital, Denbighshire, UK, 5Rutherford Diagnostics, Newport, UK, 6Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 7West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham, UK, 8Zilveren Kruis, Leiden, The Netherlands, 9Institute of Clinical Physiology of the Italian National Council of Research, Reggio Calabria, Italy, 10ERBP, guideline development body of ERA-EDTA, London, UK, 11GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK, 12Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK, 13Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, 14University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, 15Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, 16GOM, Reggio Calabria, Italy, 17Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria, 18Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK, 19Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium, 20Parc TaulíHospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc TaulíI3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 21Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia, 22Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK, 23Queen Elisabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham, UK, 24Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium, 25Miulli General Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy, 26Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 27Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain, 28University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, 29City Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, 30Thriassion General Hospital, Athens, Greece, 31University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, 32Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 33Hospital de Mollet, Fundació Sanitària Mollet, Barcelona, Spain, 34Ninewells Hospital Scotland, Dundee, UK,35Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK, 36University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, 37Centralsjukhuset Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden, 38Heart of England NHS foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK and 39University of Glasgow, UKarteriovenous clinical practice guideline chronic kidney disease Canadian Society of Nephrology Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study European Best Practice Guidelines European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association European Renal Best Practice end-stage kidney disease European Society for Vascular Surgery Grupo Español Multidisciplinar del Acceso Vascular Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation hazard ratio interquartile range incidence rate ratio Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes National Kidney Foundation Kidney Diseases Outcomes Quality Initiative Kidney Health Australia – Caring for Australasians with Renal Insufficiency mean difference number of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence odds ratio polytetrafluoroethylene randomized controlled trial risk difference relative risk 95% Confidence Interval Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network standard deviation standardized mean difference UK Renal Association Vascular Access Societ
Comparative evaluation of hesperetin loaded nanoparticles for anticancer activity against C6 glioma cancer cells
No full textWOS: 000457571200002PubMed ID: 30688095The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-cancer properties of hesperetin (Hsp) and hesperetin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (HspNPs) for glioblastoma treatment. Nanoparticles prepared by single emulsion method had a size of less than 300nm with 70.7 +/- 3.9% reaction yield and 26.4 +/- 1.1% Hsp loading capacity. Treatment of C6 glioma cells with HspNPs for 24 and 48 h resulted in dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability, with approximate IC50 of 28 and 21 mu g/mL, respectively (p = .036 for 24 h, p = .025 for 48 h). The percentage of PCNA positive cells decreased to 20% and 10%, respectively, for Hsp- and HspNP-treated cells at concentration of 100 mu g/mL. Treatment with increasing concentrations of HspNPs (25, 50, 75 and 100 mu g/mL) resulted in 9.1-, 7-, 12.5- and 12.7-fold in increase in apoptotic cell number. Optimum doses of Hsp and HspNPs were found to increase oxidative damage in C6 glioma cells. MDA levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were found to be significantly elevated at 75 and 100 mu g/mL exposure concentration of HspNPs with (p = .002) and (p = .018), respectively for 48-h treatment. The results obtained with this study showed biocompatible polymeric nanoparticle systems has great advantages to enhance anti-cancer activity and poor solubility of therapeutic agents. Overall our findings suggest that Hsp-loaded PLGA nanoparticle systems showed significant anti-cancer activity and HspNPs could be used as promising novel anti-cancer agent
Does Multiple Bile Duct Anastomosis in Living Donor Liver Transplantation Affect the Postoperative Biliary Complications?
No full textPurpose: The variation of multiple bile ducts in a living donor graft is not infrequent; however, the literature on the impact of the number of bile ducts on postoperative biliary complications is scarce. We investigated whether the number of biliary duct anastomoses affects the rate of postoperative biliary complications in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Materials and Methods: Between January 2016 and January 2018, all patients who underwent LDLT were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the number bile duct anastomoses (single duct [group A, n = 78] or multiple ducts [group B, n = 94]). Data collection included demographic features, Child Pugh Score (CPS), graft-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), surgical data including technique of biliary anastomosis (duct-to-duct, duct-to-sheath, double duct-to-duct, and hepaticojejunostomy), and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results: The duct-to-duct anastomosis was the mostly commonly performed technique in group A, whereas double duct-to-duct and duct-to-sheath were significantly higher in group B. Operating time was quite high in group B compared to group A (438 ± 72 minutes vs 420 ± 61 minutes, respectively; P = .05). Regarding biliary complications (n = 40, 23.2%), the rates of biliary leakage (n = 17, 9.9%) and strictures (n = 25, 14.5%) were similar in both groups (P = .164 and .773, respectively). CPS was positively correlated (for Child B and C, odds ratio [OR]: 10.669 and 17.866, respectively), whereas GRWR was negatively correlated (OR: 9.530) with biliary stricture. Increased risk for bile leakage was observed in younger donors (OR: .929). Although overall mortality rate was 9.8% (n = 17), only 5 of the patients (29%) died of biliary complications. Conclusion: The number of biliary ducts and anastomoses did not affect the rate of complications. However, CPS, GRWR, and young donor age were found to be predisposing factors for postoperative biliary complications. Mortality was mostly based on the causes other than biliary complications. © 2019 Elsevier Inc
Use of interventional bronchoscopic treatment in small cell lung cancer
No full textWOS: 000476895200009PubMed ID: 31389387AIMS: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) constitutes 15%-25% of all lung cancers. Their treatment approach is different from nonsmall cell lung cancer. Central airway obstruction develops at the time of diagnosis or eventually at some time as the disease progress. Quick relief of symptoms with chemotherapy will cause to postpone interventional bronchoscopy which divest patient from benefits of this procedure. There is a few data about the use of interventional bronchoscopy in SCLC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2012, rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was done in a total of 944 cases. Among them, 52 consecutive SCLC cases were evaluated retrospectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Survival was calculated from the date of application of therapeutic bronchoscopy using statistical software. RESULTS: From the 52 cases (41 males) mean age of the patients were 56,87 10,16 (range 34-78). Most common obstruction areas were distal trachea and carina invasion involving both main bronchus (n: 12; 23%). Most common method used was mechanical desobstruction after coagulation with diode diode laser or APC. A total of 16 stents was applied to 15 of the cases from 52 cases (28.8%). Most common used stent was silicon Y stent (n: 11). Most common complication during the procedure was bleeding that was mild in 11 cases and massive in 1. One patient died during the procedure (1.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal interventional bronchoscopic methods seem to be a last option but may be useful in the management of advanced airway obstruction in the setting of SCLC. The choice of modality may be chosen depending upon individual patient characteristics as appropriate
Clinical Value of Circulating Microribonucleic Acids miR-1 and miR-21 in Evaluating the Diagnosis of Acute Heart Failure in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients
No full textWOS: 000472671400033PubMed ID: 31109008To investigate whether the circulating miR-1 (microRNA-1) and miR-21 expression might be used in the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) and silent coronary artery disease (SCAD) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to explore the relationship of these miRs with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3. One hundred thirty-five consecutive patients with T2DM and 45 matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. This study consisted of the following four groups: control group (mean age: 60.23 +/- 6.27 years, female/male (F/M): 23/22); diabetic group (DM) (mean age: 61.50 +/- 5.08, F/M: 23/22); DM + SCAD group (mean age: 61.61 +/- 6.02, F/M: 20/25); and DM + acute HF group (mean age: 62.07 +/- 5.26 years, F/M: 20/25). miR-1 was downregulated in the DM, CAD + DM and HF + DM groups by 0.54, 0.54, and 0.12 fold as compared with controls, respectively. The miR-1 levels were significantly lower in HF + DM than DM with 0.22 fold changes (p < 0.001); and in patients with CAD + DM group with 0.22 fold changes (p < 0.001). Similarly, miR-21 was overexpressed in patients with DM, CAD + DM, and HF + DM with 1.30, 1.79 and 2.21 fold changes as compared with controls, respectively. An interesting finding is that the miR-21 expression was significantly higher in the HF + DM group as compared with the CAD + DM group; miR-1 was negatively correlated with NT-proBNP (r = -0.891, p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (r = -0.886, p < 0.001) in the HF + DM group; and miR-21 showed a strongly positive correlation with (r = 0.734, p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (r = 0.764. p < 0.001) in the HF + DM group. These results suggest that the circulating decreased miR-1 and increased miR-21 expression are associated with NT-proBNP and galectin-3 levels in acute HF + DM. Especially the miR-21 expression might be useful in predicting the onset of acute HF in asymptomatic T2DM patients. The miR-21 expression is more valuable than the miR-1 expression in predicting cardiovascular events of acute HF and the combined analysis of miR-21 expression, galectin-3, and NT-proBNP can increase the predictive value of miR-21 expression.Research Fund of Yildiz Technical University, Turkey [TDK-2018-3180]This research was funded by the Research Fund of Yildiz Technical University, Turkey, grant number: TDK-2018-318
Investigation of predictive factors for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis
No full textGiriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik hepatit B’ye bağlı siroz hastalarında, hepatosellüler karsinom gelişimini etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2010 - Ocak 2019 yılları arasında Demiroğlu Bilim Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi gastroenteroloji po-likliniğinde hepatit B virüsüne bağlı karaciğer sirozu nedeniyle takip edi-len 18 yaş üstü 324 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Olguların demografik (yaş, cinsiyet), beden kitle indeksi, laboratuvar [biyokimyasal ve serolojik parametreler (hepatit B yüzey antijeni, hepatit b virüs-DNA)], görüntü-leme ve biyopsi sonuçları hastane bilgi sisteminden retrospektif olarak toplandı. Hastalar hepatosellüler karsinom ve non- hepatosellüler karsi-nom olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların 114’ü hepatosellüler karsinom ve 210’u ise non- hepatosellüler karsi-nom sirozlu idi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 54.50±9.30 idi. Hepatosellüler karsinom ile non-hepatosellüler karsinom grupları karşılaştırıldığında yaş ortalaması, Homeostatic Model of Assessment Insulin Resistance, he-patit B virüs-DNA ve alfa fetoprotein değerleri hepatosellüler karsinom grubunda istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek saptandı. Asit, özofagus varis kanaması ve hepatik ensefalopati non-hepatosellüler karsinom grubun-da daha yüksek oranda görülürken, spontan bakteriyel peritonit ise he-patosellüler karsinom grubunda istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek oranda bulundu. Hepatosellüler karsinom oluşumunu öngörebilecek bağımsız risk faktörleri incelendiğinde, alfa fetoprotein ve hepatit B virüs-DNA değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak bağımsız risk faktörü olduğu görüldü (sı-rasıyla; p=0.001 ve p=0.037). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda hepatit B virüsüne bağlı siroz hastalarında hepatosellüler karsinom için alfa fetoprotein ve hepatit B virüs-DNA değerleri bağımsız risk faktörü olarak saptandı. Alfa fetoprotein ve hepatit B virüs-DNA değerleri hepatit B virüsüne bağlı siroz hastalarında hepatosellüler karsinom gelişiminde kullanışlı birer belirteç olabilir.Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: In total, 324 patients of >18 years of age, who were followed up with the di-agnosis of chronic hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Demiroglu Bilim University between January 2010 and January 2019, were included in this study. Demographic details (age, gender, body mass index), laboratory (biochemical and serologi-cal tests, such as hepatitis B virus surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA) test results, radiological imaging, and liver biopsy findings were retrospectively scanned and recorded from the hospital’s central infor-mation system. The patients were divided into two groups: hepato-cellular carcinoma cirrhosis and non-hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhosis group. Results: In total, 114 patients of this study were assigned to the hepatocellular carcinoma group, whereas 210 patients were assigned to the non-hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhosis group. The mean age of patients in this study was 54.50±9.30 years. When hepatocellular carcinoma and non-hepatocellular carcinoma groups were compared, mean age, homeostatic model of assessment insulin resistance, and the values of hepatitis B virus DNA and alpha-fetoprotein were significant-ly higher in the hepatocellular carcinoma group. Ascites, esophageal variceal hemorrhage, and hepatic encephalopathy were higher in the non-hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhosis group, whereas spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was higher in the hepatocellular carcinoma group. Alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B virus DNA values were found to be statistically independent risk factors (p=0.001 and p=0.037, respective-ly). Conclusion: Alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B virus DNA values were detected as the independent risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis in this study. Therefore, alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B virus DNA can be useful markers for hepatocellular car-cinoma development in these patients
Long-term results of monopolar versus bipolar radiofrequency ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation
No full textEZELSOY, MEHMET/0000-0002-8423-5071WOS: 000466108900004PubMed: 32082846Background: in this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency ablation concomitant to mitral valve surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a total of 167 patients (67 males, 100 females; mean age 56.8 +/- 6.9 years; range, 48 to 65 years) with atrial fibrillation who underwent monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency ablation concomitant to mitral valve surgery between September 2001 and January 2015. the patients were divided into two groups according to the procedure applied as those undergoing monopolar ablation (group 1, n=68) and those undergoing bipolar ablation (group 2, n=99). All patients were followed by electrocardiogram and 24-h Holter monitoring. Echocardiography was performed before discharge, at three and 12 months postoperatively, and annually thereafter. Left atrial volume index, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular ejection fraction were recorded. Results: There was no significant correlation between the procedure applied and hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of the cerebrovascular events (p>0.05). the mean preoperative left atrial diameter decreased from 5.3 +/- 0.5 cm to 4.9 +/- 0.5 cm postoperatively in all patients (p=0.0001). the mean preoperative left atrial volume index decreased from 53.8 +/- 0.4 mL/m(2) t o 43.7 +/- 6.2 mL/m(2) in t he postoperative period (p=0.0001). During follow-up, 61.8% (n=42) of the patients in group 1 and 62.6% (n=62) of the patients in group 2 remained in sinus rhythm. One patient (1.5%) in group 1 and two patients (2.0%) in group 2 developed early postoperative cerebrovascular accident. Conclusion: Monopolar and bipolar ablation methods are safe and effective methods to ensure long-term sinus rhythm. Both procedures do not increase the morbidity risk with very low thromboembolic complication rates
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Arthroscopic Repair of Shoulder Rotator İnterval Lesions
No full textAmaç: Rotator interval lezyonları (RIL), subskapularis ve supraspinatus yırtığının biseps tendon patolojisi ile birlikte olduğu özel bir rotator manşet yırtığı alt tipini ifade etmektedir. Bu patoloji az sayıda tanı almaktadır ve diğer rotator manşet (RM) lezyonlarından daha az incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, RIL olarak tanı alan hastalardaki artroskopik tedavi sonuçlarının klinik ve radyolojik olarak bildirilmesidir. Yöntemler: Yedi yıllık bir periyod içerisinde tek merkezde yapılan rotator manşet tamiri ameliyatları retrospektif olarak taranarak biseps tenodezi veya tenotomisinin yapıldığı, supraspinatus ve subskapularis yırtığı için artroskopik tamir yapılan 16 hasta güncel değerlendirme için çağrılmıştır. On üç hastanın (3 kadın, 10 erkek) 14 omuz eklemi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Klinik değerlendirme sabit, kol, omuz ve el yetersizliği (DASH) ve standart omuz değerlendirme formu (ASES) skorları ile, radyolojik değerlendirme manyetik rezonans inceleme (MRI) ile yapılmıştır. Ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası skorlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 60,6 (47-74) yıl, ortalama takip süresi 3,2±1,9 yıldır. Ameliyat öncesi ortalama Constant, DASH ve ASES skorları sırasıyla 44,43±15,4, 22,11±17,21 ve 51,37±27,6 olarak ölçüldü. Bu skorların ameliyat sonrasında sırasıyla 90,45±6,44, 6±13,68 ve 95,82±7,82 düzeyine geldiği ve değişimin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu gözlendi (p<0,05). MRI ortalama subskapularis kalınlığı 3,85±0,87 mm, supraspinatus kalınlığı 4,60±0,65 mm olarak ölçüldü. Bir hastada tendinit saptandı. Hiçbir hastada tekrar yırtık gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Artroskopik supraspinatus ve supskapularis tamiri ile birlikte biseps tenodezi veya tenotomisi, RIL’nin tedavisinde etkili bir yöntemdir. Manyetik rezonans ile yeniden yırtık saptanmamıştır. Klinik sonuçlar diğer RM patolojileri ile benzerlik göstermektedir.Objective: Rotator interval lesion (RIL) is a distinct rotator cuff (RC) injury patern consisting of subscapularis and supraspinatus tear with biceps problem. This pathology is an underdiagnosed RC entitiy and not studied in-depth. Aim of this study is to report the functional and radiological results of RIL surgeries performed. Methods: Surgeries performed in a single center, in a 7-year-period were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen cases (n=16) who underwent arthroscopic RC repair including subscapularis with biceps tenodesis or tenotomy were called for an up-to-date assessment. Fourteen shoulders of 13 patients (3 females, 10 males) were included. Constant, disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH), standardized shoulder assessment form (ASES) scores, and RC thickness measurements with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative results were compared. Results: Average age of the patients were 60.6 (47-74), and follow-up period was 3.2±1.9 years. Average preoperative Constant, DASH and ASES scores were 44.43±15.4, 22.11±17.21 and 51.37±27.6, respectively. Postoperative values improved to 90.45±6.44, 6±13.68 and 95.82±7.82, respectively (p<0.05). Average subscapularis and supraspinatus thicknesses measured with MRI were 3.85±0.87 and 4.60±0.65 mm respectively. MRI revealed subscapularis tendinitis in 1 patient. Re-tear was not observed in any patients. Conclusion: Arthroscopic subscapularis and supraspinatus repair with biceps tenodesis or tenotomy is an effective treatment method in RIL. No retear was observed with MRI. Clinical results are similar with other RC pathologies
Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients
No full textAliberti, Stefano/0000-0002-0090-4531; Leuschner, Pedro/0000-0002-9462-0600; Menendez, Rosario/0000-0002-3592-3839; de Montmollin, Etienne/0000-0001-6379-1928; Rello, Jordi/0000-0003-0676-6210; franzetti, fabio/0000-0001-9253-4453; Carone, Mauro/0000-0002-5478-8521; Feldman, Charles/0000-0002-6881-8314; Bogomolov, Artemii/0000-0002-5336-4858; Morsy, Nesreen E./0000-0002-1938-9189; Xu, Jin-fu/0000-0002-8039-8973; Birkun, A.A./0000-0002-2789-9760; Confalonieri, Marco/0000-0002-4791-768X; Marcos, Pedro J/0000-0001-9600-3537; Minarowski, Lukasz/0000-0002-2536-3508; Torres, Antoni/0000-0002-8643-2167; del Castillo, Juan Gonzalez/0000-0002-4329-9802; Battaglia, Salvatore/0000-0002-2867-917X; Zanforlin, Alessandro/0000-0002-3306-7530; Carrabba, Maria/0000-0002-0717-9096; Pando, Ana/0000-0002-7923-9107; van Boven, Job/0000-0003-2368-2262; Golshani, Keihan/0000-0001-8567-5119; Irfan, Muhammad/0000-0002-5796-2548; Patella, Vincenzo/0000-0001-5640-6446; Bodtger, Uffe/0000-0002-1231-9209; Gramegna, Andrea/0000-0003-2315-5737; Shafiek, Hanaa/0000-0002-4716-4809; fathy, amal/0000-0002-0433-6340; Radovanovic, Dejan/0000-0002-9013-3418; Abdulsemed, Kedir Abdella/0000-0002-1480-219X; Bilaceroglu, Semra/0000-0002-9703-9598; YANGUI, Ferdaous/0000-0003-2465-0019; Diaz-Brito, Vicens/0000-0002-9734-9334; BARAJAS UGALDE, DANIEL/0000-0002-6055-0042; Lotsch, Felix/0000-0002-6938-9523; Gramegna, Andrea/0000-0001-5562-3131; PRAT AYMERICH, CRISTINA/0000-0001-6974-9165; Ceccato, Adrian/0000-0001-9454-062X; Garcia-Olive, Ignasi/0000-0001-7698-5107WOS: 000482136200011PubMed: 31222287Background. the correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of immunocompromised patients coming from the community with pneumonia. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter study enrolling adult patients coming from the community with pneumonia and hospitalized in 222 hospitals in 54 countries worldwide. Risk factors for immunocompromise included AIDS, aplastic anemia, asplenia, hematological cancer, chemotherapy, neutropenia, biological drug use, lung transplantation, chronic steroid use, and solid tumor. Results. At least 1 risk factor for immunocompromise was recorded in 18% of the 3702 patients enrolled. the prevalences of risk factors significantly differed across continents and countries, with chronic steroid use (45%), hematological cancer (25%), and chemotherapy (22%) the most common. Among immunocompromised patients, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogens were the most frequently identified, and prevalences did not differ from those in immunocompetent patients. Risk factors for immunocompromise were independently associated with neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor non-community-acquired bacteria. Specific risk factors were independently associated with fungal infections (odds ratio for AIDS and hematological cancer, 15.10 and 4.65, respectively; both P = .001), mycobacterial infections (AIDS; P = .006), and viral infections other than influenza (hematological cancer, 5.49; P < .001). Conclusions. Our findings could be considered by clinicians in prescribing empiric antibiotic therapy for CAP in immunocompromised patients. Patients with AIDS and hematological cancer admitted with CAP may have higher prevalences of fungi, mycobacteria, and noninfluenza viruses.National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) [K23HL096054]This project was not funded and relied solely on voluntary site and investigator participation. M. I. R.'s time is partially protected by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (award K23HL096054)