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Patch Test Results to European Baseline Series in Turkey: A Prospective and Multicenter Study
No full textBackground Patch testing with the European Baseline Series (EBS) is an essential diagnostic tool for the assessment of allergic contact dermatitis. Objective The aims of the study were to describe the most common contact allergens identified with patch testing in Turkey and to establish the distribution of contact allergens among different regions in Turkey. Patients and Methods Twelve centers consisting of tertiary health care institutions were included in the study. A total of 1169 patients were patch tested with the EBS from 2015 to 2017. Results A total of 596 patients (51.0%) had 1 or more positive patch test reactions to the EBS. A total of 30.2% (n = 353) of those tested had clinical relevance. Contact sensitivity was more common in young patients. The most common 10 allergens were nickel sulfate (20.4%), followed by textile dye mix (8.6%), cobalt chloride (8.3%), potassium dichromate (8.0%), p-phenylenediamine base (4.5%), balsam of Peru (4.3%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (3.8%), thiuram mix (3.6%), fragrance mix I (3.0%), and methylisothiazolinone (2.9%). Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive profile of patch test results with the EBS in Turkey. An ongoing decrease in contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone was observed. Textile dye mix and p-phenylenediamine are beginning to pose a new risk in Turkey.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu)This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu)
The effects of SNAI1 rs6125849 gene polymorphism on metastasis and survival in colorectal cancer: Preliminary results from Turkish subjects
No full textBackground: Since metastasis is one of the leading causes of high mortality in colorectal cancer, uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic process has become important to find new treatment approaches. With this perspective, in this study we investigated effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer SNAI1 rs6125849 gene polymorphism on different features of colorectal cancer. Material and methods: A total of 141 Turkish subjects consisting of 72 colorectal cancer patients and 69 healthy controls were included in the study. SNAI1 rs6125849 genotype analyses were performed with Agena MassARRAY platform. Results: We did not find any significant difference between case and control groups for rs6125849 genotypes. All metastatic patients were detected to have homozygous mutant (AA) genotype. Heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes (GA + AA) were more common in metastatic colorectal cancer patients compared to those with homozygous wild type (GG) genotype (p = 0.066). We also detected positive, albeit low but significant correlation between rs6125849 genotypes in codominant and dominant models (r = 0.250, p = 0.034 and r = 0.234, p = 0.048, respectively). Overall survival times was found to be considerably higher patients with A allele (Log rank: 3.04, p = 0.081). Conclusion: According to our preliminary results, we may speculate that SNAI1 gene G > A variation may result with a metastatic phenotype and shorter overall survival. Due to limited number of patients in our study group, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to understand the role of SNAI1 rs6125849 variation on metastasis and survival functions.Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitMarmara University [FEN-C-DRP-110718-0407]This study was supported by Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project No: FEN-C-DRP-110718-0407
Digoxin Exhibits Neuroprotective Properties in a Rat Model of Dementia
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most common cause of cognitive impairment in older adults. Current treatments are entirely focused on the symptoms of AD. A complex etiology for AD has been proposed recently, in which AD leads in elevated levels of inflammation. We previously studied digoxin's involvement in the sporadic-AD intracerebroventricular (ICV)-streptozotocin (STZ) animal model due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective characteristics. 18 adult sprague-dawley rats were split into three groups: control (n = 6), STZ + Saline (n = 6), and STZ + Digoxin (n = 6). Twelve AD-induced rats were split into two groups using stereotaxy five days after STZ injection (3 mg/kg) into both lateral ventricles: one group got digoxin (0.1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for three weeks, while the other group received saline. Following treatment, each subject was subjected to a passive avoidance learning (PAL) test, followed by brain tissue harvesting. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) were measured in the brain, and neurons were counted using Cresyl violet staining in cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) and cornu ammonis-3 (CA3) cornu ammonis (CA3). ICV-STZ significantly shortened PAL latency, increased brain TNF-alpha levels, decreased brain ChAT activity, and decreased hippocampus neuron number. On the other hand, digoxin significantly reduced all of these STZ-induced deleterious effects. Digoxin significantly rescued rats from memory loss caused by ICV-STZ by decreasing hippocampal cell death, neuroinflammation, and cholinergic deficiency. These findings suggest that digoxin may be beneficial in treating cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Exposure to hypertonic solutions during pregnancy induces autism-like behaviors via the NFAT-5 pathway in offspring in a rat model
No full textObjectives: to investigate the effects of hyperosmolar state (HS) on immune response and inflammation via the NFAT5 pathway and examine whether immune-mediated conditions trigger autism-like behavior in offspring. Methods: a pregnant rat model was performed by administering hyperosmotic solutions. Pregnant rats were divided into 2 main groups; control (group I) and hyperosmolar groups (group II). Control group rats were given % 0.25 NaCI (tap water) (n = 6), the Hyperosmolar (HO) group was further subdivided into 3 groups as; Group II a rats which were given % 3 hypertonic NaCl (n = 6), Group II b rats were given mineral water (% 3 NaH-CO3+magnesium+calcium content) (n = 6), and Group II c rats were given Ayran (% 0.8 NaCl content) (n = 6). Their offspring were examined for behaviors, biochemical and histological abnormality. Results: in offspring, TNF-alpha, IL-17, NFAT-5, and NGF levels in the brain were significantly higher in hyperosmotic solution groups than in control rats. Exposure of pregnant rats to hyperosmotic solution resulted in autism-like behaviors in their offspring. Through immunohistochemical methods, we found that CA1 and CA2 of the hippocampus indicated decreased number of neurons in hyperosmotic solution groups compared with the control group. Conclusions: our findings once again emphasized that the immune-mediated conditions involved in the pathophysiology of autism. NFAT5 pathway may be a key factor in the development of neuroinflammation by hyperosmotic solutions
Protective effect of dapagliflozin on colistin-induced renal toxicity
No full textObjectives: Multiple-drug resistance to Gram-negative bacteria has increased significantly in recent years. Colistin is increasingly used as a last line of defense against these bacteria. However, colistin has been associated with nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. This study explores the protective effect of dapagliflozin in a rodent model of nephrotoxicity. Material Method: The present study includes a total of 24 male rats, of which 16 were given a single 20 mg/kg dose of colistin (Colimycin 150 mg/mL) intravenously to induce renal toxicity. The remaining eight rats were given no drugs in order to serve as the control, Group A. The 16 rats treated with colistin were then divided into two groups. Rats in Group B received 0.9% NaCl saline solution at a dose of 30 mL/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 10 mg/kg/day dapagliflozin (Forziga 10 mg) via oral gavage. Those in Group C received 0.9% NaCl saline solution at an i.p. dose of 30 mL/kg/day. Both saline and dapagliflozin were administered as described over the course of ten days. The animals were euthanized and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for further analysis. Their kidneys were removed for histopathological and biochemical examination. Results: Levels of creatinine, BUN, KIM-1, and MDA were significantly increased in the 16-rat (Groups B and C) treatment group, in comparison to the control group; however, these biomarkers were significantly normalized in Group B, which had received dapagliflozin in addition to saline. The GSH levels of Group C showed significant decline when compared to those of the control group, and were significantly normalized in Group B. Histologically, in Group 2, we observed severe tubular dilatation and tubular epithelial cell injury in comparison to the control group. These severe anatomical changes were decreased in Group B. Conclusion: Apart from its positive effect on glucose regulation, which is the usual purpose of dapagliflozin, we observed that in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity, it decreases oxidative stress by inhibiting SGLT-2, and has restorative effects in terms of histopathology and biochemistry. These findings offer hope that the use of dapagliflozin may be protective for contrast nephropathy, which causes renal tubule damage through oxidative mechanisms. Future studies will further clarify the mechanistic action of colistin and dapagliflozin, and may support the hypothesis that dapagliflozin can be used as an adjunctive therapy in all nephrotoxic conditions
Non-intrinsic cancer risk factors
No full textOur knowledge about the etiology of cancer is increasing. Many studies show that non-intrinsic factors such as environment or lifestyle are the main risk factors for the occurrence of cancer. On the other hand, there are studies showing that the main risk factors in the occurrence of cancer are caused by DNA replication errors (known as the intrinsic factors). This view limits highly the possibility of protection from cancer. However, the findings obtained from the literature show that non-intrinsic factors contribute substantially to cancer risk and that cancer should be considered as a preventable disease. This review is aimed to examine the factors known as non-intrinsic cancer risk factors in the light of recent research.Key Words: cancer, non-intrinsic risk factors, cancer prevention
Identification of psychological and social problems in caregivers of individuals diagnosed with hematologic malignancy
No full textObjective: Caring for patients with hematological malignancy could lead to many problems in different aspects regarding the lives of caregivers. However, there is limited data on the emotional and social problems of caregivers, who deal with patients of hematological malignancy. The aim of this study is to determine the emotional and social problems in caregivers of individuals diagnosed with hematological malignancy. Methods: The study was carried out descriptively to identify the emotional and social problems in the relatives of the patients diagnosed with hematological malignancy as their caregivers, as well as the factors affecting these problems. The data of the study were collected with the Introductory Information Form and Identification of Emotional and Social Problems Form that were administered to the relatives of the patients. The data were evaluated by using Spearman's Rho correlation analysis and the Logit analysis in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: Among the caregivers, 59.8% were in the age group of 30-51 years, and 66.2% were female. Of the caregivers, 70.1% had difficulty in fulfilling their responsibilities. Spiritual distress had the highest score among the emotional problems, and experiencing caregiver strain had the highest score among the social problems. In the Logit model, the changes in the professional life was the variable that affects the emotional and social problems the most and significantly. In addition, emotional problems were affected by the financial problems at a statistically significant level. Conclusions: In this study, it is suggested that the caregivers should be provided with certain conveniences in their professional lives based on the fact that the problem, which affected emotional and social problems the most, is the change in the professional life; it is recommended that further studies should be carried out on the caregivers. © 2021 Ann & Joshua Medical Publishing Co. Lt
The Relationship between the Nutrition Habits, Body Mass Indexes and Academic Successes of the Health School Students
No full textWOS:000628768700010Objective: This research was conducted to examine the relationship between university students' nutritional habits, body mass index and academic achievements. Methods: The study was conducted with 213 students studying at a school of health in a private university. Socio-demographic characteristics, height and weights and eating habits were asked in the questionnaire applied to students who volunteered with the informed volunteer consent form. The academic success of the students was evaluated on the basis of the end of year weighted grade point average scores. Results: More than half of the participants (51.2%) were students of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. The majority of students (69.5%) are among the normal values according to the Body Mass Index classification. Of the students, 35.7% think that they always eat healthy and 49.3% eat healthy intermittently. The ratio of the students who stated that they skipped main meals was 87.8% and most frequently skipped meal was the lunch for 60.6% of the participants. The ratios of the students who always consume snacks and who consume snacks from time to time were 27.2% and 65.7% respectively. The academic success of the students who consume snacks regularly was significantly higher. It was found that the academic achievement of students who thought that they were eating healthy was higher than that of the others. There was a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between students' body mass index values and academic achievement. Conclusions: A relationship between students' nutritional habits and academic success was found in our study. In order to raise healthy, productive and successful generations, the importance of nutrition should be emphasized more especially in adolescent period in which life-time basic nutrition habits are adopted. Nutrition trainings and lessons may be useful for this purpose
Relationship between arteriovenous fistula cannulation practices and dialysis adequacy: A prospective, multicenter study
No full textSayilan, Samet/0000-0002-8959-8381; Akin, Baris/0000-0002-7410-3614PubMed: 33492745WOS:000611190300001Background Successful arteriovenous fistula cannulation ensures maximum patient benefit in the haemodialysis procedure. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various cannulation methods used for arteriovenous fistulas on dialysis adequacy. Design It is a descriptive, cross-sectional and multicenter study. Participants A total of 164 dialysis patients from four dialysis centers were included. Measurements Data were collected by determining patients' characteristics and the arteriovenous fistula cannulation method used, in addition to recording the Kt/V and urea reduction ratio values to evaluate dialysis adequacy. The mean Kt/V and urea reduction ratio values over 3 months after dialysis initiation were used. This trial is registered with , NCT04270292. Results Cannulation with the puncture method was used in 53% of the patients; the fistula needles were inserted in the antegrade direction in 43.9% of the patients; the arterial needle was rotated after fistula needle placement in 63.4% of the patients; and the arterial and venous needles were on the same vascular line in 15.2% of the patients. Placement of the fistula needle in the antegrade direction increased the Kt/V value 0.164 times (95% confidence interval: 0.002-0.212, p = .047). Conclusion Antegrade placement could be a factor influencing dialysis adequacy. We suggest antegrade interventions to the fistula to maximize the patient benefit from the haemodialysis treatment
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with diabetes
No full textThe purpose of the present chapter is to explain the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on diabetes and implications for treatment. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affected millions all around the world and the number of infected cases is still increasing. The available scientific data from clinical studies of COVID-19 show that is worse with comorbidities such as diabetes. According to statistical data, the mortality rate in diabetic patients is higher than non-diabetics. SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute diabetes using angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), which is abundant in Langerhans islets. Anti-diabetic drugs during COVID-19 may be a novel strategy to reduce virus entry and replication in individuals with or without type II diabetes. Studies to date have shown that some drugs tried in the treatment of COVID-19 improve glucose profile but the others cause impairment of glucose metabolism and ?-cell function. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may prevent the progression of the hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19. Therefore, since it is important to maintain glucose homeostasis in COVID-19 treatment, more studies are needed on the hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia molecular mechanisms of anti-diabetic drugs. Telemedicine or digital medicine plays a crucial role in monitoring glycemic control in diabetic patients with COVID-19. © 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc