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Algunos problemas filosóficos sobre imprecisión que permanecen en el ámbito computacional
No full textEl presente trabajo consta de una serie de apuntes y reflexiones sobre cómo algunos problemas filosóficos permanecen aun hoy día en el ámbito de la Recuperación y Extracción de Información,
el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, etc. No se trata de realizar ninguna propuesta aplicada al
respecto sino una mera puesta en escena de tales problemas a partir de una definición intuitiva del
concepto de calidad de un buscador web. Por este motivo, este trabajo consiste en el establecimiento de un listado de preguntas y no en la propuesta de soluciones o respuestas a las mismas.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. FFI2009-08828Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología | Ref.FFI2008-03092Diputación Provincial de Ourense | Ref. INOU11A-0
DP4+-based stereochemical reassignment and total synthesis of polyenic macrolactam muanlactam
No full textThe total synthesis of the stereoisomer of muanlactam predicted by DP4+ calculations, which differed from that reported for the natural product on the relative configuration at C19, was completed, and the structure of the polyenic macrolactam was fully confirmed. Construction of the stereocenters involved the iterative enantio- and diastereoselective Krische’s allylation reaction for the formal syn-1,3-diol and the addition of a propargylic Grignard reagent to Ellman’s chiral nonracemic tert-butylsulfinamide for the enantiopure amine fragment. The conjugated triene and diene units were constructed by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of the corresponding alkenylboronates and alkenyl iodides. Formation of the conjugated tetraene by Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons condensation of the functionalized partners was followed by challenging macrolactamization using hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyluronium and N,N-diisopropylethylamine. The NMR data of the synthetic polyenic macrolactam matched those of the natural product, thus correcting the relative configuration of muanlactam at C19, which had previously been assigned by DP4.European Regional Development Fund | Ref. ED-431G/02-FEDERXunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC ED431C 2021/045Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2022-136504OB-I0
Indoor daylight simulation performed on automatically generated as-built 3D models
No full textDaylighting has an important influence in two of the main consumption sources of a building: whereas solar gain makes a great influence on the consumption of the heating and cooling systems, solar illuminance can reduce the use of artificial light and its electrical equipment. Whatever the final objective, lighting analysis of indoor rooms implies the knowledge not only of its location and orientation toward the North, but also of the location, dimensions and geometry of its main entrances of natural light, commonly windows and glass exterior doors. In this paper, as-built 3D models are proposed for their use as input in lightning analysis given their adequacy for providing information about the geometry and the semantics of the building. Furthermore, a methodology for their generation is presented, taking as a basis the geometric information of the reality of the building, acquired only with a laser scanning device.Xunta de GaliciaMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte | Ref. FPU AP2009-1144Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte | Ref. FPU AP2010-2969Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte | Ref. IDI-20101770Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte | Ref. IN841C2012-260
Towards the certification of translation/interpretation of scientific and academic texts into Spanish sign language
Full text linkLos prejuicios lingüísticos que acompañan a la lengua de signos española (LSE), una lengua no estandarizada, asociada a la discapacidad, sin escritura generalizada, de modalidad no oral y con una breve tradición en los estudios lingüísticos, hacen que las dudas, no solo sobre la calidad y rigor en la traducción y/o interpretación de textos científicos, sino sobre la posibilidad de que las traducciones sean científicas y académicas, persistan. Además, los usuarios sordos tradicionalmente acostumbrados a tener como traductores a los hijos de los adultos sordos (Child Of Deaf Adults, CODA) en muchos casos no ven a los traductores de lengua de signos como profesionales con las capacidades mediadoras bilingües y biculturales necesarias para participar en el proceso activo de construcción de significados a partir de mensajes verbales (Wilcox y Shaffer, 2005, p. 27). En nuestro trabajo analizamos las características de las lenguas visogestuales, que condicionan el proceso de su traducción y/o interpretación a las lenguas orales, y justificamos la variación terminológica en los distintos procesos. Posteriormente, seleccionamos los criterios de evaluación de la calidad de la traducción e interpretación de textos científicos y académicos y revisamos la metodología de evaluación que se debe seguir para certificar la calidad del proceso que realizan los intérpretes de Lengua de Signos Española al mediar en la combinación lingüística LSE-lengua oral española. En nuestra propuesta de certificación de las interpretaciones/traducciones de lenguas de distinta modalidad adaptamos al contexto español las disposiciones para los proveedores de servicios de traducción relacionadas con la gestión de los procesos primordiales, los requisitos mínimos de cualificación, la disponibilidad y gestión de recursos y otras acciones necesarias para la prestación de un servicio de traducción/interpretación de calidad recogidas principalmente en la normativa UNE-EN 15038 y la norma internacional ISO 17100.Spanish sign language (LSE) is affected by linguistics prejudices, such as being a non-standardized language, being associated with disability, not having generalized writing, and being a non-oral language with a short tradition of linguistics studies. These prejudices generate persistent doubts about the quality and rigor of the translation and scientific text interpretation. In addition, Deaf users traditionally accustomed to having the Children Of Deaf Adults (CODA) as translators in many cases do not see sign language translators as professionals with the bilingual and bicultural mediating skills needed to participate in the active process of constructing meaning from verbal messages (Wilcox and Shaffer, 2005, p. 27). In this study, we analyze the gesture languages' characteristics that condition the translation and interpretation of sign language into oral language. We also justify the terminological variation in these two processes. Following, we select the evaluation criteria regarding the quality of the translation of the scientific and academic texts. Then we review the evaluation methodology that certifies the quality of the process followed by the Spanish sign language translators when translating from or to the sign language from an oral language such as Spanish. In our certification proposal for the interpretation/translation of languages from different modalities, we adapt the Spanish context to the needs of the translation services providers related to the management of the primordial processes, minimum qualification requirements, availability and resources management, in addition to other needs actions to provide a quality service of translation/interpretation considered by the European normative UNE-EN 15038 and the international normative ISO 17100.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. FFI2017-86309-
D-band MIMO radar with on-chip antenna elements for 3-D imaging
Full text linkOs recentes avances nas arquitecturas de radar de entrada múltiple e saída múltiple de ondas milimétricas (MIMO) permiten sistemas de vixilancia de seguridade capaces de detectar ameazas ocultas, incluídos obxectos perigosos non metálicos. Non obstante, estes sistemas adoitan enfrontarse a desafíos relacionados coa distribución de sinais de alta frecuencia e antenas externas voluminosas, o que aumenta a complexidade e o custo do sistema.
Neste traballo, presentamos un radar MIMO de banda D onde os sinais de alta frecuencia se xeran localmente en cada elemento da matriz. O deseño proposto aproveita os circuítos integrados de microondas monolíticos (MMIC) dispoñibles comercialmente con antenas en chip, garantindo unha solución compacta e escalable. Ao integrar unha matriz MIMO 1-D horizontal cunha apertura mecánica, o noso sistema consegue imaxes 3D cunha resolución de rango cruzado subcentimétrica a distancias inferiores a 3 m.Recent advances in millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar architectures have enabled security screening systems capable of detecting concealed threats, including nonmetallic hazardous objects. However, these systems often face challenges related to the distribution of high-frequency signals and bulky external antennas, increasing the complexity and cost of the system. In this work, we present a D-band MIMO radar where high-frequency signals are generated locally at each element of the array. The proposed design leverages commercially available monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with on-chip antennas, ensuring a compact and scalable solution. By integrating a horizontal 1-D MIMO array with a mechanical aperture, our system achieves 3-D imaging with subcentimeter cross-range resolution at distances below 3 m.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-113979RB-C21Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-113979RB-C22Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PRE2021-099967Universidad Politécnica de MadridNextGenerationE
La Zona Especial Canaria en el contexto de la fiscalidad internacional: un análisis a la luz de las recomendaciones del plan BEPS y del código de conducta en torno a los regímenes preferenciales
Full text link[Inicio] La Zona Especial Canaria (ZEC), una zona de baja tributación creada
en el marco del Régimen Económico y Fiscal de Canarias, tiene la finalidad de «propiciar los escenarios adecuados a la implantación en el archipiélago de capitales y empresas provenientes del exterior, los cuales, atraídos por
las ventajas inherentes a este tipo de zonas especiales, coadyuven decididamente en la generación de polos de potenciación del progreso económico y
social de Canarias». Así se expresa en la Exposición de Motivos de la Ley
19/1994, de 6 de julio, de modificación del Régimen Económico y Fiscal
de Canarias, que «aborda con coraje, realismo y modernidad la creación y
regulación de una Zona Especial Canaria» 1
.
Si bien el régimen de la ZEC fue creado por la referida Ley 19/1994,
no entró en vigor hasta la aprobación del Real Decreto-ley 2/2000, de 23 de
junio, por el que se modifica la Ley 19/1994, de 6 de julio, de Modificación
del Régimen Económico y Fiscal de Canarias. [...
Tolerance to ultramafic soils is mediated by control of Ca:Mg ratio in Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link. and allied taxa within the Santolina rosmarinifolia complex
No full textBackground and aims
Santolina semidentata is a Mediterranean shrub which grows on different substrates including ultramafics, but there is no information about the role of phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation in the colonisation of ultramafic soils.
Methods
We conducted a greenhouse trial in which seeds from three populations of S. semidentata, one population of S. rosmarinifolia, and a population of the ultramafic endemic S. melidensis were cultivated for 17 weeks in three different soils (derived from limestones, granodiorites, and serpentinites). At harvest, we estimated differences between populations in plant survival, plant biomass and leaf ionomes.
Results
The five populations had a similar survival on limestone and granodiorite-derived soils, whereas the ultramafic endemic S. melidensis and the ultramafic population of S. semidentata were the only ones able to survive in serpentinites. The two ultramafic populations had lower biomass and phenotypic plasticity than the non-ultramafic ones. Soil type had a major effect on leaf ionomes of the five populations. The ultramafic populations showed consistently higher Ca concentrations and lower Mg concentrations than the non-ultramafic populations. S. melidensis showed unusually high sodium foliar concentrations (around 1%) across the three soils.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the colonisation of ultramafic soils has involved the evolution of a locally adapted ecotype in S. semidentata. Ultramafic tolerance seems to be mediated by efficient mechanisms of regulation of the foliar Ca:Mg ratio. High accumulation of sodium in the leaves of the ultramafic-endemic S. melidensis may be related to mechanisms of tolerance to drought stress in ultramafic areas
Decentralized serverless IoT dataflow architecture for the cloud-to-edge continuum
No full textThe advent of new computing and communication trends that link pervasive data sources and consumers, such as Edge Computing, 5G and IIoT, has led to the development of the Cloud-to-Edge Continuum in order to take advantage of the resources available in massive IoT scenarios, and to conduct data analysis to leverage intelligence at all levels. This paper outlines the challenging requirements of this novel IoT context and presents an innovative IoT framework to develop dataflow applications for data-centric environments. The proposed design takes advantage of decentralized Pub/Sub communication and serverless nanoservice architecture, using novel technologies such as Zenoh and WebAssembly, respectively, to implement lightweight services along the Cloud-to-Edge infrastructure. We also describe some use cases to illustrate the benefits and concerns of the coming IoT generation.Ministerio de Universidades | Ref. FPU19/01284Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-113795RBC3
Latent resistance mechanisms of steel truss bridges after critical failures
No full textSteel truss bridges are constructed by connecting many different types of bars (components) to form a load-bearing structural system. Several disastrous collapses of this type of bridge have occurred as a result of initial component failure(s) propagating to the rest of the structure1,2,3. Despite the prevalence and importance of these structures, it is still unclear why initial component failures propagate disproportionately in some bridges but barely affect functionality in others4,5,6,7. Here we uncover and characterize the fundamental secondary resistance mechanisms that allow steel truss bridges to withstand the initial failure of any main component. These mechanisms differ substantially from the primary resistance mechanisms considered during the design of (undamaged) bridges. After testing a scaled-down specimen of a real bridge and using validated numerical models to simulate the failure of all main bridge components, we show how secondary resistance mechanisms interact to redistribute the loads supported by failed components to other parts of the structure. By studying the evolution of these mechanisms under increasing loads up to global failure, we are able to describe the conditions that enable their effective development. These findings can be used to enhance present bridge design and maintenance strategies, ultimately leading to safer transport networks.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-124236OB-C31Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-124236OB-C3
Social media audience of televised debates in the general elections of April 2019
No full textIntroducción: Se analiza el impacto en medios tradicionales y nuevos medios de los dos debates electorales televisados celebrados con motivo de las últimas elecciones generales de España de abril de 2019, en RTVE y Atresmedia, los días 22 y 23 de abril, respectivamente. Metodología: Se realizó una encuesta telefónica, con más de 8.000 llamadas, en las ciudades de Madrid, Barcelona, A Coruña y Vigo, de las que se obtuvieron 734 respuestas completas con un margen de error sobre el total de la muestra inferior al 4%. Resultados: Un 52% de los encuestados visualizó alguno de los debates, de los que casi un 28% consulta información adicional. De este conjunto, un 21% lo hizo a través de redes sociales, aunque la participación activa se situó en menos de la mitad (43,2%). Discusión y conclusiones: Existe una brecha de edad y género en el consumo de información sobre los debates televisados a través de redes sociales. Los internautas prefieren estas redes para informarse pero no participan activamente ni otorgan credibilidad a los datos ofrecidos en ellos. Los temas que suscitan mayor interés entre los usuarios de redes coinciden con los de los medios tradicionales.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. CSO2017-83159- RFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regiona