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Surfers as aquatics rescuers in Portugal and Spain: characteristics of rescues and resuscitation knowledge
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to analyze the rescues carried out by surfers from Portugal and Spain, their knowledge of rescue and resuscitation and their perception and risk behavior while surfing. An online survey was conducted in 2048 surfers from Portugal and Spain, with questions regarding the demographic characteristics, experience, perception and risk behavior of the surfers; rescues attended by the surfers and surfer's knowledge and experience in rescue and resuscitation. Concerning the number of rescues carried out by surfers, 78.5% of the participants had to carry out at least one rescue in their lifetime. A significant association was found between the years of surfing experience, the surfing level and the number of rescues carried out (p < 0.05). Thirty-five-point eight percent of the surfers never attended a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) course and 76.2% had no work experience as a lifeguard. Correspondingly, the vast majority of the surfers analyzed did not have the essential knowledge about rescue and resuscitation. This study provides evidence of the important role that surfers play in saving lives on Portuguese and Spanish beaches. The results suggest that the number of rescues conducted by surfers each year in Portugal and Spain is relevant to reducing the number of fatalities that occur along coast
Aproximación eco-toxicolóxica á contaminación de solo por antibióticos de uso humano
No full textIn the proposed thesis project, 3 aspects related to the accumulation of the antibiotics for human use amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin and trimethoprim on Galician soils will be studied: 1) Damage that antibiotics can cause on the soil microorganisms: they will be carried out by evaluating the toxicity of antibiotics on bacterial communities, the study of changes in the structure of microbial communities (diversity) and the evaluation of functional changes of soil microbial communities in soils contaminated with antibiotics . 2) Development of antibiotic resistance: it will be carried out by studying the increase in tolerance of soil bacterial communities to antibiotics in soils contaminated with antibiotics and in soils contaminated with heavy metals (co-tolerance). 3) Use of bioadsorbents to minimize the negative effects of the accumulation of antibiotics in the soil: this will be done by amending vulnerable soils with different doses of pine bark, crushed mussel shell and biomass ash.En el proyecto de tesis que se propone, se estudiarán fundamentalmente 3 aspectos relacionados con la acumulación de los antibióticos de uso humano amoxicilina, azitromicina, cefuroxima, ciprofloxacino, claritromicina y trimetoprim en los suelos gallegos: 1) Daños que los antibióticos pueden causar sobre los microorganismos del suelo: se realizarán mediante evaluación de la toxicidad de los antibióticos sobre las comunidades bacterianas, el estudio de cambios en la estructura de las comunidades microbianas (diversidad) y la evaluación de cambios funcionales de las comunidades microbianas del suelo en suelos contaminados con antibióticos. 2) Desarrollo de resistencia a antibióticos: se realizará mediante el estudio del incremento de tolerancia de las comunidades bacterianas del suelo a antibióticos en suelos contaminados con antibióticos y en suelos contaminados con metales pesados (co-tolerancia). 3) Uso de bioadsorbentes para minimizar los efectos negativos de la acumulación de antibióticos en el suelo: se realizará mediante la enmienda de suelos vulnerables con distintas dosis de corteza de pino, concha de mejillón triturada y ceniza de biomasa.No proxecto de tese que se propón estudaranse fundamentalmente 3 aspectos relacionados coa acumulación dos antibióticos de uso humano amoxicilina, azitromicina, cefuroxima, ciprofloxacino, claritromicina y trimetoprim nos solos galegos: 1) Danos que os antibióticos poden causar sobre os microorganismos do solo: realizarase mediante a avaliación da toxicidade dos antibióticos sobre as comunidades bacterianas; o estudio de cambios na estrutura das comunidades microbianas (diversidade) e a avaliación de cambios funcionais das comunidades microbianas do solo en solos contaminados con antibióticos. 2) Desenvolvemento de resistencia a antibióticos: realizarase mediante o estudo do incremento da tolerancia das comunidades bacterianas do solo a antibióticos en solos contaminados con antibióticos e en solos contaminados con metais pesados (Co-tolerancia). 3) Uso de bio-adsorbentes para minimizar os efectos negativos da acumulación de antibióticos no solo: realizarase mediante a emenda de solos vulnerábeis con distintas doses de cortiza de piñeiro, cuncha de mexillón triturada e cinza de biomasa.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018–099574-B-C21Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018–099574-B-C22Ministerio de Universidades | Ref. FPU21/04206Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A2021/30
La gestión de las infraestructuras hídricas durante el franquismo (1936-1957): Impacto de la inversión en España y Galicia.
Get PDF[Inicio] El 30 de enero de 1938 el régimen de Franco constituyó en Burgos lo
que hasta el momento era considerado la parte sublevada de España.
Francisco Franco asume la presidencia del gobierno y nombra once ministros con sus respectivos ministerios. Alfonso Peña Boeuf, primer titular del Ministerio de Obras Públicas, será el encargado de comenzar
la planificación de la infraestructura hídrica durante el inicio del régimen. En 1939 publica el Plan General de Obras Públicas, siguiendo el
modelo de planificación fijado en el año 1933. Se trata de un plan cuyo
objetivo principal había sido el reconstruir gran parte de la infraestructura destruida por la guerra, y aumentar la oferta de recursos hídricos a
los territorios donde el desarrollo agrícola suponía la principal fortaleza
territorial. Durante este periodo se realizaron planes regionales enfocados a seguir lo dictado en el Plan General. Ejemplos de ello son el Plan
Jaén, Badajoz y el de Tierra de Campos. En este sentido, también cabe
indicar al Plan de Aprovechamiento de la Cuenca Alta del río Segura,
formulado por el ingeniero Rafael Couchoud Sebastiá (posteriormente
nombrado subdirector General de Obras Hidráulicas en 1959), el cual a
grandes rasgos seguía lo formulado en el “Informe Peña”. Ahora bien,
se introducían novedades respecto a la forma de aprovechar la energía
hidroeléctrica. [...]Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-127140NB-I0
Comparison of the effects of compost versus compost and biochar on the recovery of a mine soil by improving the nutrient content
No full textNumerous studies on the recovery of mine soils focused on the problems caused by metal(loid)s, and did not explore in depth the issue of nutrients and vegetation. In this experiment with soil packed in columns, we studied the capacity of biochar to increase the nutrient supply, pH, total carbon, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity caused by the compost application. We compost alone and in combination with an oak wood-derived biochar. We also attempted to establish a crop of Brassica juncea L. and to verify which treatment produced the best development. The study was carried out at three different depths over the 45-cm length of each cylinder. The treatments applied increased the pH, nutrient, total carbon and total nitrogen values, and the cation exchange capacity. In overall, the most effective treatment consisted of the one using compost + biochar followed by planting B. juncea with only some exceptions towards the end of the experimentation period. The ability of biochar to improve the conditions of the settling pond soil to allow plant cover was demonstrated analysing the biomass of the B. juncea plants, which was higher in the soil treatments combining compost and biochar
Winners and losers from occupational segregation across Europe: the role of gender and migration status
Get PDFUsing measures rooted in welfare economics, this article quantifies the economic consequences arising from occupational segregation by gender and migration status in twelve European countries. We also identify the most inclusive European labor markets by building counterfactual distributions. In particular, we remove cross-country differences in immigrants’ origin, years of residence, and education, thus determining the contribution that these variables make to the geographical disparities. Our results reveal that the economic consequences of segregation are negative for most foreign workers, especially for immigrant women in Italy, Spain, Germany, and Slovenia. Portugal emerges as a reference point because immigrant workers have a better position compared to other countries, which does not seem to arise from their basic individual characteristics. Our analysis highlights the importance of policy actions aimed at improving the occupational sorting of immigrant workers, such as investing in skills development, avoiding occupational downgrading, and incorporating a gender perspective.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2019-104619RB-C41Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2022-137352NB-C4
Estimación de parámetros baseada en datos en simulacións cardiovasculares mediante modelos de orde reducida
No full textOne of the biggest challenges facing medicine today is the development of personalized medicine, which consists in selecting a treatment based on the patient characteristics measured in clinical tests, as, for example, the in-silico evaluation of the coronary arteries obstruction using patient-specific anatomy. In parallel, another area of intense and active research in the medical community is the use of CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) techniques to improve the diagnosis and treatment in cardiovascular medicine. The idea is to exploit the tools that have been developed and refined over the years to perform structural and fluid flow analyses to assess the behavior of the patient’s cardiovascular system in health and disease. These tools need to be adapted to the specificity of the cardiovascular system, which is why these analyses are increasingly carried out by multidisciplinary groups. This CAE methodology can be personalized using patient information obtained from clinical tests, usually anatomical and clinical measurements. This approach allows the hemodynamic assessment in a non-invasive way,
helping the clinician both in the decision-making process and in the personalized treatment planning. The combination of data gathered from patient measurements and numerical simulations is not always straightforward. For some cases, the magnitudes measured by the clinical tests are usually outputs of the numerical simulation, and, consequently, the resolution of an inverse problem (to identify the appropriate values of the numerical simulation inputs) is needed. In the context of cardiovascular simulation, the parameters to estimate are needed to set appropriate boundary conditions for the numerical simulation, that is, they try to replicate the part of the cardiovascular system not included in the simulation. Several methods to estimate the values of the unknown parameters of the numerical simulation (process known as data assimilation) are present in the literature. In this thesis, a novel technique which exploits the properties of POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) and gappy POD (g-POD) to identify solution patterns and filter errors in the input data, is presented. The first step in the method is the construction of the snapshot database with information obtained from cardiovascular simulations. The database is created varying the value of the parameters subject to the estimation process. Once the database is created, the fields of interest in each simulation are stacked in a vector, forming a matrix. Then, the POD procedure is applied to this matrix applying, first, the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and truncating the obtained modes to get a basis of modes that retain the most amount of information. A linear operator is applied to transform the POD modes to pseudo-modes that can be compared to the available patient measurements. Then, the POD coefficients of the reconstructed solution are computed either by projecting patient measurements or by solving a minimization problem with constraints. The POD reconstruction is then used to estimate the model parameters. In the clinical practice, there are measures that are difficult to obtain synchronously. To solve this issue, a procedure to obtain the delay between an experimental measurement and the POD database is also presented. Comparison of the performance of this method against others is carried out using both clinical and artificial data. The method is tested for three different cases: a lumped parameter model, a simplified geometry, and a real aorta artery. In the first case, an error of less than 9% is obtained in all cases studied, being the highest error in an ill-conditioned case with nonlinearities derived from the presence discrete events. In the straight artery case, the error in the approximated parameters is less than 2.5% in the noiseless case, and less of 4% in the cases disturbed with gaussian noise. Finally, for the real aorta artery case, a relative 2-norm error of less than 8% for the flow and less than 5% for the pressure is found between the measured data and the FSI simulation run with the estimated parameters. The results prove that g-POD approximation method is as accurate as other state-of-the-art parameter estimation method while having the same computational cost (measured by the number of model evaluations). However, its implementation is simpler and more flexible, and can handle more complex situations than other commonly used methods. This thesis is structured as follows: In Chapter 1, we introduce the cardiovascular system and its pathologies to present a brief state of the art in cardiovascular simulation in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 and 4 introduce, respectively, the relevant parameter estimation methods in cardiovascular simulation (discussing in detail the Kalman filtering and its main variants) and the use of POD in the context of Reduced Order Models (ROM). The g-POD parameter approximation method is presented in Chapter 5, while in Chapter 6 the method is tested for three different cases: a lumped parameter model, a simplified geometry, and a real aorta artery. Finally, in Chapter 7, the comparison of the g-POD method with the usual parameter estimation method present in literature is carried out, and conclusions and future research lines are then highlighte
Exploración del enfoque educativo STEAM con futuros docentes a través del aprendizaje basado en retos
No full text[Inicio] El impacto en el campo educativo del movimiento maker y la filosofía do it yourself (DIY) ha generado la inserción de nuevos
recursos y metodologías educativas que se fundamentan principalmente en el learning by doing (aprender haciendo) y que otorgan al alumnado un rol activo en la construcción consciente y
colaborativa no solo de su conocimiento, sino también de productos que dan respuesta a problemas relacionados con el mundo real.
En este sentido, STEAM, acrónimo de las disciplinas science (S),
technology (T), engineering (E), art (A) y mathematics (M), se presenta como un enfoque educativo en auge que se fundamenta en
el desarrollo de las vocaciones científico-tecnológicas, al tiempo
que lucha contra el actual declive de los estudios de ciencias y las
desigualdades de género en cuestiones científico-tecnológicas
(Greca, 2018). Además, se fundamenta en la conjugación de estas cinco disciplinas en procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje
transversales e interdisciplinares de manera creativa, colaborativa y contextualizada con el mundo real (Yakman y Lee, 2012). [...
Exploration, exploitation, or ambidexterity? a meta-analysis of SME strategic orientation and performance across different levels of environmental munificence
Get PDFThis study investigates whether small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gain greater performance benefits from focusing on exploration or exploitation than from pursuing an ambidextrous orientation, and examines home-country munificence as a boundary condition. Given their limited resources, SMEs must decide when it is advantageous to commit to a single strategic logic. We introduce the adverse environment-focus paradox, which proposes that the advantages of a focused orientation can be amplified in certain adverse environments but not in others. Drawing on meta-analytic evidence from 3,423 observations across 21 studies and 13 countries, and on prior meta-analyses, we integrate this contingency perspective, advancing theory on how environmental conditions and SMEs strategic orientations interact. Our study invites further inquiry into the fit between the environment and sequential shifting and timing in SMEs to clarify when an SME should fit between them in its organizational lifetime and the potential impact of such shiftin
Monitorización de la protección del muralismo contemporáneo: influencia de la pintura, del tipo del sustrato y del ambiente de exposición
Get PDF[Inicio] En términos generales el muralismo contemporáneo se centra en la realización de pinturas sobre
grandes superficies como muros y fachadas en
centros urbanos. Esta corriente artística se enmarca
en el Street Art o arte urbano, que incluye diferentes tipos de arte, tanto pintura como escultura
u otras formas de expresión (CaPUS glosario). El
Street Art experimentó un notable desarrollo en la
década de los 80, cuando el movimiento del grafiti
se expandió desde Nueva York hacia otras partes del
mundo. En ese período, los grafiteros se enfocaban
en crear firmas ilegales utilizando códigos estilísticos
dirigidos a una audiencia familiarizada con ellos.
Con el tiempo, comenzaron a incorporar nuevas
técnicas y estilos, y su mensaje se orientó hacia un
público más amplio, con la intención de establecer
una comunicación más directa con el ciudadano.
Esta evolución dio lugar a una variedad de expresiones artísticas, incluyendo el muralismo. A pesar
de su proliferación, existe una falta de consenso
en cuanto a la definición de arte urbano desde un
punto de vista artístico, social y legal (Gayo, 2016;
Schacter, 2016; Abarca, 2017) . [...]Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. CNS2022- 135645Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2020-028902-IEuropean Commission | Ref. 588082-EPP-1-2017-1-IT-EPPKA2-K
Bimetallic Pd/CuO nanoparticles obtained by laser re-irradiation in liquids for antibacterial applications
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a major global health problem of the 21st century. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as a promising tool to fight against resistant infections. In this research, we explore bimetallic NPs, as they can give rise to further and improved physicochemical and biological properties. In this work, monometallic Cu/CuO and Pd NPs were synthesized by laser ablation. Afterwards, these NPs were mixed and the resulting colloidal solution was multiply re-irradiated with the aim of producing Pd/CuO bimetallic NPs. All the NPs presented rounded shape and crystalline microstructure. Although the re-irradiated NPs contained both precursor materials, all characterization techniques agreed on the occurrence of an intermetallic alloy of both materials, Cu 3 Pd, that is concluded to be formed as a consequence of the interaction between the laser beam and the mixture of monometallic NPs. With the objective of studying antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, the CuO NPs, Pd NPs and Pd/CuO NPs were immobilized on the surface of titanium discs. Ion release was tracked during the first 24 h and cytotoxicity of the immobilized NPs was as well tested with HFF-1 human fibroblast cell line. Bimetallic Pd/CuO NPs showed a significant inhibitory effect on S. aureus and no toxic impact on fibroblasts.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2023/25Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020–117900RB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021–125150OB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TED2021-131721B-100Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. FPU21/04488Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. EQC2018–004315-PAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RED2018–102803-