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Improving WAF detection capabilities through machine learning algorithms in open‐source technologies
Get PDFThe number of companies offering their services online has grown enormously in recent years. Customer confidence in these web applications is, therefore, vital. However, the number of attacks on these sites has also multiplied exponentially, requiring the use of new tools to prevent and defend against them. In this scenario, web application firewalls (WAFs) are emerging as one of the main defenses against website attacks. Their goal is to block those requests that could be considered malicious. Most WAFs are based on filtering requests using regular expressions; nevertheless, this approach has many difficulties in dealing with issues such as detecting zero‐day vulnerabilities or replay attacks and requires frequent and exhaustive updates. Thanks to advances in machine learning techniques, it is now possible to simplify the update process and combine manually configured rules with learned rules. In this work, we present a solution for the open‐source WAF Shadow Daemon that incorporates a machine learning module for attack detection. The proposed solution improves the detection capability of Shadow Daemon while keeping the latency of the detection process within limits that allow for pleasant interaction with users.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2022/04Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. BOND2 PID2023-148214OB-C2
Geographic biases undermine environmental representativeness of European biodiversity data
Get PDFBiases and gaps in biodiversity data lead to significant disparities in species descriptions and distribution patterns across taxonomic groups. Although various modelling approaches can help address these gaps, they require the available data to be environmentally representative. In this study, we use data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to examine geographical biases, data gaps, and spatial completeness patterns in species distribution records for the 20 main classes of terrestrial organism in Europe—the world's oldest region for taxonomic and natural history research. By identifying spatial units with complete inventories for each class, we assess their quantity, distribution, and capacity to represent the environmental variability of the European subcontinent. Our results reveal high spatial heterogeneity and substantial variation among taxa in the number of well-surveyed units. Vertebrates and vascular plants have several times more well-surveyed cells than invertebrates and mosses. In terms of environmental representativeness, the findings highlight the uncoordinated and opportunistic accumulation of biodiversity data and the urgent need for improved coverage. This situation raises concerns about the reliability of current biodiversity data for accurately characterizing species distributions and limits the effectiveness of species distribution models. Given the scale and urgency of the biodiversity crisis, waiting for complete and reliable data before taking conservation action is not a viable option
Seasonality of phytoplankton cell size and the relation between photosynthesis and respiration in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain)
Get PDFThe Ría de Vigo is a dynamic and productive upwelling ecosystem. We measured 14C incorporation (TO14CP) and gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (DCR), net production (NCP) and size-fractioned chlorophyll a (chl a) fortnightly from May 2012 to May 2013 in the euphotic layer of the Ría. Our aim was to improve the depiction of plankton metabolism in the Ría and to test the general hypothesis that community structure determines the degree of heterotrophy in planktonic ecosystems. Higher primary production was measured after upwelling episodes and during the spring bloom, when the community was dominated by microphytoplankton (>70% chl a>20μm). Lower primary production was observed during summer stratification periods (~65% chl a>20μm), and during the pico- and nanophytoplankton-dominated winter (~25% chl a>20μm). Coupling between phytoplankton photosynthesis and biomass varied seasonally, mainly driven by environmental conditions. DCR was 3 times lower and 8 times less variable than GPP, and its variability was mainly driven by the changes in chl a. The integrated metabolic balance was autotrophic most of the year, despite the negative NCP rates at depth. There was an inverse relationship between the DCR:GPP ratio and the percentage of microphytoplankton (% chl a>20μm) only in the summer. However, DCR:GPP and DCR:chl a ratios were similar in winter and spring, despite the seasonal differences in primary production and size structure. The similar TO14CP:NCP and chl a:DCR relations in spring (>70% chl a>20μm) and winter (~25% chl a>20μm), and the differences in summer (>70% chl a>20μm) confirm cell size independence in trophic functioning. We conclude that respiration variability is relevant for the metabolic balance in the Ría, and that the degree of heterotrophy is not systematically related to phytoplankton size over the scales of our study
Condenas femeninas en la domus Augusta: entre el adulterium y el crimen político
No full textEste estudio examina los juicios y condenas de mujeres en Roma, con especial atención a la época imperial y a las integrantes de la domus Augusta. Aunque las fuentes muestran la existencia de procesos contra mujeres desde los orígenes de la ciudad, a partir del Principado se advierte un cambio en la naturaleza de las acusaciones y en la severidad de las penas. El adulterio y el destierro, vinculados de manera recurrente al delito de maiestas, se convierten en elementos centrales en los casos que afectaron a mujeres de la élite. El análisis revela la configuración de una tipología específica de castigos, más estrictos que los previstos en la lex Iulia de adulteriis, y en ocasiones con resultado capital. Estos desarrollos se relacionan con la importancia de la castidad femenina en la estabilidad política y dinástica, así como con la influencia social y simbólica de las mujeres imperiales en el poder romano.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. JDC2022-050025-
Da problematización dos modelos organizativos multinacionais á autogestión: o caso dunha empresa recuperada polos traballadores e unha cooperativa de plataforma.
No full textSelf-managed cooperative organisations offer insightful case studies for exploring more democratic and ecological ways of organising, but their study also requires recognising the tensions and challenges with which these organisations may be confronted. For this reason, I have decided to study how such alternative organisations are constructed over time and how they navigate such tensions without failing at an economic or political level. To do so, I have responded to the following three research questions in this PhD:
RQ1: In what ways do self-managed cooperatives – such as worker-recovered enterprises (WREs) and platform cooperatives – navigate their dependence on mainstream structures while democratically constructing the alternative organisations they aspire to create?
RQ2: How do self-managed cooperatives negotiate and manage the ongoing internal and external tensions and challenges inherent in cooperative organising as they develop over time?
RQ3: What alternative organisational practices and models emerge through the ongoing processes of constructing and sustaining self-managed cooperatives?
To answer these questions, I have chosen a qualitative methodology and a case study (elaborated on in Chapter 4) to examine the construction of two self-managed cooperative organisations from their inception until December 2024. These are an alternative cooperative delivery platform (CoopCycle), and a worker-recovered enterprise (Scop-Ti) that was formed as a cooperative to prevent the closure of a French tea and infusions factory when the former owners wanted to move production to Eastern Europe.
The objectives of this enquiry are threefold: to contribute to the call for criticism and engagement in the field of organisation studies (Parker and Parker 2017; Spicer and Alvesson, 2025) by studying cases of alternative organisations that aim to create and develop more democratic workplaces; to respond to calls for empirical sites in CMS (Spicer and Alvesson, 2025), including employee buyouts such as WREs (Di Stefano et al., 2024) and platform cooperatives (Bunders and De Moor, 2024); and lastly, to contribute to practical knowledge that can support more democratic, ecological and egalitarian organisational practices in new forms of self-managed organisations such as WREs and platform cooperatives.
The investigation of the case studies and their construction process, as well as their navigation of tensions and the alternatives that emerge from this process, has provided several key contributions to the subfield of alternative organisations and to the study of platform cooperatives and WREs.Las organizaciones cooperativas autogestionadas ofrecen casos prácticos muy interesantes para explorar formas más democráticas y ecológicas de organización, pero su estudio también requiere reconocer las tensiones y los retos a los que pueden enfrentarse estas organizaciones. Por este motivo, he decidido estudiar cómo se construyen estas organizaciones alternativas a lo largo del tiempo y cómo gestionan estas tensiones sin fracasar a nivel económico o político. Para ello, en esta tesis doctoral he respondido a las tres preguntas de investigación siguientes:
RQ1: ¿De qué manera las cooperativas autogestionadas, como las empresas recuperadas por los trabajadores y las cooperativas de plataforma, gestionan su dependencia de las estructuras dominantes mientras construyen democráticamente las organizaciones alternativas que aspiran a crear?
RQ2: ¿Cómo negocian y gestionan las cooperativas autogestionadas las tensiones y los retos internos y externos inherentes a la organización cooperativa a medida que se desarrollan a lo largo del tiempo?
RQ3: ¿Qué prácticas y modelos organizativos alternativos surgen a través de los procesos continuos de construcción y mantenimiento de las cooperativas autogestionadas?
Para responder a estas preguntas, he elegido una metodología cualitativa y de estudio de casos (elaborado en el capítulo 4) para examinar la construcción de dos organizaciones cooperativas autogestionadas desde sus inicios hasta diciembre de 2024. Se trata de una plataforma cooperativa alternativa (CoopCycle) y una empresa recuperada por los trabajadores (Scop-Ti) que se constituyó como cooperativa para evitar el cierre de una fábrica francesa de té e infusiones cuando los antiguos propietarios quisieron trasladar la producción a Europa del Este.
Los objetivos de esta investigación son tres: contribuir al llamamiento a la crítica y al compromiso en el campo de los estudios sobre la organización (Parker y Parker 2017; Spicer y Alvesson, 2025) mediante el estudio de casos de organizaciones alternativas que tienen como objetivo crear y desarrollar lugares de trabajo más democráticos; responder a las peticiones de sitios empíricos en CMS (Spicer y Alvesson, 2025), incluyendo las adquisiciones por parte de los empleados, como las WRE (Di Stefano et al., 2024) y las cooperativas de plataforma (Bunders y De Moor, 2024); y, por último, contribuir al conocimiento práctico que pueda apoyar prácticas organizativas más democráticas, ecológicas e igualitarias en nuevas formas de organizaciones autogestionadas, como las empresas recuperadas y las cooperativas de plataforma.
La investigación de los casos prácticos y su proceso de construcción, así como su navegación por las tensiones y las alternativas que surgen de este proceso, ha aportado varias contribuciones clave al subcampo de las organizaciones alternativas y al estudio de las cooperativas de plataforma y las empresas recuperadas.As organizacións cooperativas autoxestionadas ofrecen casos prácticos moi interesantes para explorar formas máis democráticas e ecolóxicas de organización, pero o seu estudo tamén require recoñecer as tensións e os retos aos que poden enfrontarse estas organizacións. Por este motivo, decidín estudar como se constrúen estas organizacións alternativas ao longo do tempo e como xestionan estas tensións sen fracasar a nivel económico ou político. Para iso, nesta tese doutoral hei respondido ás tres preguntas de investigación seguintes:
RQ1: De que maneira as cooperativas autoxestionadas, como as empresas recuperadas polos traballadores e as cooperativas de plataforma, xestionan a súa dependencia das estruturas dominantes mentres constrúen democraticamente as organizacións alternativas que aspiran a crear?
RQ2: Como negocian e xestionan as cooperativas autoxestionadas as tensións e os retos internos e externos inherentes á organización cooperativa a medida que se desenvolven ao longo do tempo?
RQ3: Que prácticas e modelos organizativos alternativos xorden a través dos procesos continuos de construción e mantemento das cooperativas autoxestionadas?
Para responder a estas preguntas, elixín unha metodoloxía cualitativa e de estudo de casos (elaborado no capítulo 4) para examinar a construción de dúas organizacións cooperativas autoxestionadas desde os seus inicios ata decembro de 2024. Trátase dunha plataforma cooperativa alternativa (CoopCycle) e unha empresa recuperada polos traballadores (Scop-Ti) que se constituíu como cooperativa para evitar o peche dunha fábrica francesa de té e infusións cando os antigos propietarios quixeron trasladar a produción a Europa do Leste.
Os obxectivos desta investigación son tres: contribuír ao chamamento á crítica e ao compromiso no campo dos estudos sobre a organización (Parker e Parker 2017; Spicer e Alvesson, 2025) mediante o estudo de casos de organizacións alternativas que teñen como obxectivo crear e desenvolver lugares de traballo máis democráticos; responder as peticións de sitios empíricos en CMS (Spicer e Alvesson, 2025), incluíndo as adquisicións por parte dos empregados, como as WRE (Dei Stefano et ao., 2024) e as cooperativas de plataforma (Bunders e De Moor, 2024); e, por último, contribuír ao coñecemento práctico que poida apoiar prácticas organizativas máis democráticas, ecolóxicas e igualitarias en novas formas de organizacións autoxestionadas, como as empresas recuperadas e as cooperativas de plataforma.
A investigación dos casos prácticos e o seu proceso de construción, así como a súa navegación polas tensións e as alternativas que xorden deste proceso, achegou varias contribucións crave ao subcampo das organizacións alternativas e ao estudo das cooperativas de plataforma e as empresas recuperadas
Mineromedicinal waters of the Miñoto Ribeiro Way
No full textObjetivos: Buscar y censar las aguas mineromedicinales de los balnearios, termas y fuentes existentes en los ayuntamientos gallegos del Camino Miñoto Ribeiro. Asesorar a los ayuntamientos para que analicen las aguas de sus fuentes de las que aún no se sabe su composición, con el fin de saber si son mineromedicinales. Metodología: Llevamos a cabo un primer censo de esas aguas de dos maneras: revisión bibliográfica y consulta a los ayuntamientos del Camino Miñoto Ribeiro, recogiendo el tipo de aguas que son y sus propiedades y aplicaciones. Posteriormente recorrimos los ayuntamientos hablando con la gente que nos ha informado, o le comunicó al ayuntamiento, que hay aguas “que curan” en su zona. Resultados: En algunos ayuntamientos hay balnearios y termas muy conocidas. Y en casi todos hay fuentes, unas conocidas por la población y otras no tanto. Hemos encontrado fuentes que no están en la bibliografía conocida, gracias a las personas de los lugares que recorrimos, pero aún nos faltan algunas por localizar.Objectives: To search for and census the mineral-medicinal waters of the spas, thermal baths and fountains existing in the Galician municipalities of the Camino Miñoto Ribeiro. To advise the municipalities so that they analyse the waters of their fountains whose
composition is not yet known, in order to find out if they are mineral-medicinal. Methodology: We carried out a first census of these waters in two ways: a bibliographic review and consultation with the town councils along the Miñoto Ribeiro Way, collecting the type
of water they are and their properties and uses. We then visited the town councils speaking to people who had informed us, or who
had informed the town council, that there were waters “that heal” in their area. Results: In some municipalities there are well-known spas and thermal baths. And in almost all of them there are fountains, some known by the population and others not so much.
We have found fountains that are not in the known bibliography, thanks to the people of the places we visited, but we still have some to locate
Acute effects of foam rolling on blood flow measured by ultrasonography in soccer players
Get PDFIn recent years, foam rolling (FR) has become a popular device for recovery to increase range of motion and decrease pain after sport practice and competition. However, there is little evidence about the underlying physiological effects of FR, specifically in blood flow parameters. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze acute effects of FR on blood flow parameters (maximal velocity and maximal volume) measured by Doppler ultrasonography in soccer players. Twelve soccer players were assessed in 3 different situations: pre-FR intervention, immediately after FR intervention, and 30 minutes after FR intervention. The femoral artery was measured in the dominant leg with subjects in horizontal lying position. Before the intervention, subjects completed one familiarization session with FR. The FR intervention consisted of 2 sets, each with 45 seconds of FR and 15 seconds of rest between sets with a high-density foam roller in quadriceps, hamstrings, and iliotibial band. Results showed a significant increase in both maximal velocity (p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.81) and maximal volume (p = 0.001; ES = 1.73) after intervention in comparison with pretest, but after 30 minutes, there were no significant differences. Therefore, this increase of the blood flow could promote important advantages for postexercise recovery, suggesting an acute effect that may contribute to the understanding of local physiological mechanism of FR
Effects of strength training in patients with COPD: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms causing persistent, often progressive airflow obstruction. Strength training is a therapeutic option to prevent and/or reverse muscle dysfunction in COPD patients. Objective: to analyze the literature on the effects of strength training in COPD patients.
Methods
A systematic review from the last ten years was conducted in August 2024 across PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Medline and CINAHL databases. The search included studies examining resistance training for upper and lower limbs. Methodological quality was analyzed using the PEDro scale and the RoB2 was used for risk of bias.
Results
Six randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion, obtaining an excellent or good methodological quality. Most repeated variables were exercise capacity, quality of life and muscle strength, finding statistically significant positive results in all of them.
Conclusions
Strength training appears to be safe and effective for COPD treatment, with improvements in exercise capacity, activities of daily living, muscle strength, lung function, quality of life and inflammatory levels. However, scientific evidence on this topic is scarce, and future high-quality, long-term studies are necessary to establish standardized protocols and assess the sustained benefits of strength training in COPD patients
Paratext, title-pages and grammar books
Get PDF[Inicio] This paper presents a pragma-linguistic analysis of title-pages in eighteenthcentury grammar books, following the approach taken in a new body of cross- 5
disciplinary research that combines textual theory, book history and historical
sociolinguistics (Meurman-Solin & Tyrkkö 2013). The title-page has been
described by typographers as ‘the single most important feature of a book’,
and by book historians as ‘the most prominent innovation in book design that
is directly attributed to the printer’ (see comments in Smith 2000: 11). From the 10
perspective of textual theory, title-pages stand out as an especially rich source in
AQ1 a book’s paratext (Genette 1999). During the eighteenth century, the commercial
function of title-pages developed strongly, with a greater emphasis on the textual
(rather than the visual) features, in order to fulfil the purpose of persuading the
reader to buy the book (Suhr 2011: 141). The eighteenth century is also the time 15
when books about the English language came to be considered a marketable
commodity for those with social and political aspirations: to write and to speak
‘proper’ and ‘correct’ English was key to success. Eighteenth-century grammar
books in which rules about language were prescribed became vital ‘instruments
of literacy’ in the changing print culture and the changing society of the time 20
(McIntosh 1998: 169). [...]Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. FFI2011-25683Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. RYC-2011-07863Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. FFI2013-44065-PXunta de Galicia | Ref. GPC2014/06
Novel multifunctional biosurfactant obtained from corn as a stabilizing agent for antidandruff formulations based on Zn pyrithione powder
Get PDFThe cosmetic industry provides a wide variety of shampoos to treat dandruff, containing insoluble ingredients such as Zn pyrithione. However, the solubility of this active ingredient is quite limited in both water and oil media; thus, antidandruff formulations must include a large amount of chemically synthesized stabilizing ingredients to avoid their precipitation. In this work, the stabilization of Zn pyrithione in O/W emulsions using a biosurfactant (BS) extract and Tween 80 is studied. The study includes an incomplete factorial design based on the tea tree oil/water ratio and both surfactant and biosurfactant concentrations. The formulations are characterized in terms of particle size, stability after 30 days, and solubility of Zn pyrithione. The formulation that provided the most favorable results contains Tween 80 (5%) and BS extract (2.5%), with an O/W ratio of 0.01. This provides the smallest particle size (40.5 μm), good stability after 30 days (91.0%), and the highest solubility of Zn pyrithione (59%). The results obtained enable the use of the combination of BS extract and Tween 80 as bio/surfactants of antidandruff shampoo formulations, along with another antiseptic agent such as tea tree oil. Furthermore, this is the first work where a biosurfactant is considered to be a stabilizing agent in antidandruff formulations.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2015-68904Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. IJCI-2016-27445Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte | Ref. FPU15/0020