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Comparison of vertebrate skin structure at class level: A review
No full textThe skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism. Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that holds the body together, covers and protects it, and provides communication with its environment. It is also the body's primary line of defense, especially for anamniotes. All vertebrates have multilayered skin composed of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The vital mission of the integument in aquatic vertebrates is mucus secretion. Cornification began in apmhibians, improved in reptilians, and endured in avian and mammalian epidermis. The feather, the most ostentatious and functional structure of avian skin, evolved in the Mesozoic period. After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds continued to diversify, followed by the enlargement, expansion, and diversification of mammals, which brings us to the most complicated skin organization of mammals with differing glands, cells, physiological pathways, and the evolution of hair. Throughout these radical changes, some features were preserved among classes such as basic dermal structure, pigment cell types, basic coloration genetics, and similar sensory features, which enable us to track the evolutionary path. The structural and physiological properties of the skin in all classes of vertebrates are presented. The purpose of this review is to go all the way back to the agnathans and follow the path step by step up to mammals to provide a comparative large and updated survey about vertebrate skin in terms of morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, and immunology.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-113646GA-I00TUBITAK-BIDEB-2211 Scholarship ProgramThe Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | Ref. 116Z359Ege University Research Council | Ref. 12-Fen-011Ege University Research Council | Ref. 12-fen-06
A versatile algorithm for the treatment of open boundary conditions in Smoothed particle hydrodynamics GPU models
Get PDFAn open boundary algorithm for weakly compressible Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) numerical models is presented. Open boundary conditions are implemented by means of buffer regions whereby physical quantities are either imposed or extrapolated from the fluid region using a first-order accurate SPH interpolation. A unique formulation has been developed which can be used for inflow, outflow, and mixed open boundary conditions. The extrapolation process from the fluid domain encompasses quantities such as velocity, density, pressure and also free-surface elevation. The algorithm has been parallelized for both CPU and general-purpose on graphics processing units (GPGPU) and it has been tested against the 2-D reference solutions of flow past a cylinder and open channel flow. Finally, its capability to simulate 2-D and 3-D complex flows such as water waves and flow past a surface-piercing extraterrestrial submarine is demonstrated
Zum phraseologischen Status der festen Vergleiche
No full textA expresión por medio de comparacións (sexan fixas ou inventadas) é un fenómeno observado na maioría das linguas estudadas. O modelo de igualdade e diferenza no que se basean as comparacións constitúe un universal semántico e conceptual, é dicir, un principio universal de organización da información. A existencia de estereotipos e dun pensamento común dentro dunha comunidade lingüística leva á formación deste tipo de unidades. Nesta achega analízanse as funcións e características semánticas destas unidades, en especial, os diferentes graos de idiomaticidade (a saber: colocación, idiomaticidade parcial e total) que pode presentar un corpus de comparacións fixas. Analízanse, así mesmo, características formais, en particular, estrutura e composición. Todos os exemplos están tomados do galego e do alemán.Der Ausdruck mittels Vergleiche - seien dies feste oder frei erfundene Vergleiche - ist ein in den meisten erforschten Sprachen beobachtetes Phänomen. Das Modell von Identität und Ungleichheit, auf das sich Vergleiche stützen, stellt ein bekanntes begrifflich-semantisches Universale dar, d.h. ein universales Prinzip der Informationsorganisation. Die Existenz von Stereotypen und gemeinsamem Glauben innerhalb einer Sprachgemeinschaft führt zur Bildung solcher Einheiten. In diesem Vortrag werden Funktionen und semantische Charakteristika solcher Einheiten analysiert, besonders die verschiedenen Idiomatizitätgrade (nämlich Kollokation, Teilidiomatizität und Idiomatizität), die ein Korpus von festen Vergleichen aufweisen kann. Zusätzlich werden formale Merkmale untersucht, im Besonderen Struktur und Gliederung. Alle Beispiele werden aus dem Galizischen und dem Deutschen herangezogen.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. PGIDITO2PXIA204O4A
Mujer, sirena, alegoría: las metamorfosis de lo femenino en el imaginario románico de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela
Get PDFLos operadores de plataformas digitales y la DAC7: Mucho más que una obligación de información
No full textGlobal patterns and controls of nutrient immobilization on decomposing cellulose in riverine ecosystems
No full textKey Points
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) immobilization was measured on organic matter (cotton) in 100 rivers and riparian zones representing 11 biomes
Elevated temperature in riparian zones and phosphate in rivers increased immobilization, and consequently accelerated decomposition
N and P immobilization was strongly linked by microbial stoichiometry despite widely varied surface‐water nutrient ratiosMicrobes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low‐nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization are poorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low‐nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, and were strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature‐dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter.Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e InnovaciónU.S. Department of Energy | Ref. DE‐AC05‐00OR22725Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canad
Iconicidad y realismo. Una estética de la frontera en la obra de Jaime Hernández
Get PDFEl presente estudio profundiza en la obra de Jaime Hernández y analiza su capacidad para combinar de manera equilibrada aspectos aparentemente contrapuestos. Así, lo fantástico convive con el costumbrismo, al mismo tiempo que se reivindica simultáneamente la pertenencia de la comunidad latina a las identidades mexicana y estadounidense, y se muestran con sencillez realidades complejas. Dentro de las virtudes de su trabajo se prestará especial atención a la habilidad de Hernández para crear personajes femeninos realistas, cuyas personalidades son un ejemplo de diversidad y riqueza de texturas, logradas tanto desde el guion como desde el apartado gráfico. Su innovadora manera de retratar la diversidad encuentra una correlación en el dibujo, de modo que las protagonistas lucen físicos reales que, además, irán cambiando con el paso del tiempo. Estas nuevas representaciones del cuerpo y la feminidad, que al mismo tiempo que se muestran verosímiles y fieles a lo real, también se convierten, en ocasiones, en auténticos íconos de la cultura pop: imágenes poderosas cuyo éxito reside, en gran medida, en el dominio técnico de la línea por parte de Jaime Hernández y en su capacidad para sintetizar lo real en su forma esencial.This study delves into the work of Jaime Hernandez and analyzes his ability to combine seemingly opposing aspects in a balanced manner. Thus, the fantastic coexists with custom painting, while simultaneously vindicating the Latino community’s belonging to the Mexican and American identities, and showing complex realities with simplicity. Among the virtues of her work, special attention will be given to Hernandez’s ability to create realistic female characters, whose personalities are an example of diversity and richness of textures, achieved both from the script and the graphic section. His innovative way of portraying diversity finds a correlation in the drawing, so that the protagonists have real physiques that, in addition, will change with the passage of time. These new representations of the body and femininity, which at the same time show themselves to be plausible and faithful to reality, also become, at times, authentic pop culture icons: powerful images whose success resides, to a great extent, in Jaime Hernandez’s technical mastery of the line and his ability to synthesize the real in its essential form
Creation of educational resources for the development of creativity
No full textEl presente proyecto de innovación docente tiene como objetivo fomentar el desarrollo de la creatividad en la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Infantil y Primaria, mediante el diseño y aplicación de recursos educativos digitales e interdisciplinares. La propuesta se sustenta en metodologías activas, trabajo colaborativo y procesos de co-diseño pedagógico entre docentes y estudiantes. A través de la creación de materiales, la experimentación en el aula y la reflexión crítica sobre las prácticas desarrolladas, el alumnado adquirió mayor autonomía, capacidad expresiva y competencia creativa aplicada a contextos escolares reales. La evaluación, basada en instrumentos mixtos y análisis de contenido, evidenció mejoras significativas en la autopercepción de la creatividad, el uso de herramientas digitales y la integración de propuestas didácticas innovadoras. Los resultados ponen de relieve la importancia de consolidar modelos formativos que conciban la creatividad como dimensión central de la identidad docente.This innovation project aims to foster creativity in the initial training of Early Childhood and Primary Education teachers through the design and implementation of digital and interdisciplinary educational resources. The proposal is based on active learning methodologies, collaborative work, and co-design processes between teachers and students. Through resource creation, classroom experimentation, and
critical reflection, students developed greater autonomy, expressive ability, and creative competence applicable to real educational contexts. The evaluation, supported by mixed methods and content analysis, showed significant improvements in students’ self-perception of creativity, use of digital tools, and integration of innovative teaching practices. The results highlight the importance of consolidating
training models that understand creativity as a core dimension of teacher identity
Direct synthesis of α‐aryl‐α‐trifluoromethyl alcohols via nickel catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling
Get PDFA nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2−Csp3 bond forming process.University of BolognaAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PD2020-115789GB-C22Università degli Studi di Bologna CRUI-CARE AgreementPRIN-2017project 2017 W8KNZ
Traduçom de qualidade e galego de qualidade: a propósito do tratamento tradutivo das denominaçons vernáculas de organismos na prosa ficcional
No full textNo presente trabalho analisamos o tratamento tradutivo dispensado às denominaçons vernáculas inglesas de grupos de animais em vários trechos das ediçons espanhola (1972) e alemá (1974) do romance juvenil The Mystery of the Nervous Lion, de Nick West (1971),
bem como oferecemos as correspondentes versons galegas, por nós produzidas a partir de pressupostos tradutológicos e lingüísticos que aqui declaramos e explicamos. A obra referida, nunca publicada em galego-português, pertence à série estado-unidense de livros
juvenis «(Alfred Hitchcock and) The Three Investigators», a qual foi parcialmente traduzida e editada em Portugal, e que se revela ámbito potencialmente muito fértil para os estudos de traduçom