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A semi-2D synthetic storm technique for orbital diversity on earth-space propagation paths
No full textIn this article, new assumptions are introduced into the well-known synthetic storm technique (SST) proposed by Drufuca and further developed by Matricciani, to address the orbital diversity in satellite links. The new approach receives as input information on collocated rain rate recordings and instantaneous estimates of the storm direction and speed; and assumes that the rain event is transversely constant to the storm movement. The achieved improvements are evaluated by analyzing two example measured rain attenuation events “seen” by two Ka-band beacon receivers looking at two different satellites spaced around in azimuth. A study is made of the cross correlation coefficient between rain attenuation series for these two links. Moreover, a methodology is sketched as to how multiple non-GEO satellite constellation availability (for global Internet access at Ka-band) could be evaluated in the frame of the SST.ESA/ESTECEuropean Space Agenc
Fugas e interferencias: VIII International Performance Art Conference: 2023
No full textEstas actas de Fugas e Interferencias VIII International Performance Art Conference 2023 presentan la recopilación de artículos procedentes de los ponentes invitados y de las comunicaciones seleccionadas por el Comité Científico. El conjunto de las ponencias ha sido presentado durante la octava edición del congreso, que tuvo lugar los días 26, 27 y 28 de octubre en la Casa das Campás de Pontevedra y el Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea (CGAC) de Santiago de Compostela. El objetivo de la convocatoria de este congreso de ámbito internacional es centrar el punto de atención en el análisis de los nuevos comportamientos del arte de acción, tanto desde la práctica como desde la reflexión teórica, así como dentro del ámbito del comisariado. De este modo, los artículos seleccionados indagan sobre cuatro de los ejes temáticos que propone el encuentro
Socio-economic impacts of the exposure to Roman ceramics in the inland Iron Age communities of the NW Iberian Peninsula: A quantitative approach
Full text linkHow did the first ever exposure to Roman imported material culture at inland sites affect local material culture practices? What does this reveal about the speed and nature of cross-cultural influence between Roman and Iron Age communities? And about the specific dynamics of integration within the Roman Empire of inland sites? Our ability to address these key questions about the exposure of Iron Age communities to the Roman world is hampered by a research bias in classical archaeology towards the study of ceramics contexts from coastal sites. In this paper we present the first replicable quantified contextualised ceramics data analysis to address these questions, through a study of more than 150,000 sherds from inland sites in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. We conclude that century-long gradual changes in local common wares and amphorae from Iron Age traditions to Roman-inspired forms reflect changing food production and consumption behaviours. This transition is also reflected in an increasing presence of imported Roman goods. Our results suggest very gradual but increasing integration with the Roman world and ceramic data patterns correlate with known events from textual sources: Caesar’s campaign, the Augustan Cantabrian wars, and the Flavian reforms
Weighted cross-entropy for low-resource languages in multilingual speech recognition
Full text linkThis paper addresses the challenge of integrating lowresource languages into multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. We introduce a novel application of weighted cross-entropy, typically used for unbalanced datasets, to facilitate the integration of low-resource languages into pretrained multilingual ASR models within the context of continual multilingual learning. We fine-tune the Whisper multilingual ASR model on five high-resource languages and one low-resource language, employing language-weighted dynamic cross-entropy and data augmentation. The results show a remarkable 6.69% word error rate (WER) reduction for the lowresource language compared to the fine-tuned model without applying our approach, and a 48.86% WER reduction compared
to the original Whisper model. In addition, our approach yields an average WER reduction of 3.29% across the six languages, showing no degradation for the high-resource languages
Language report Galician
Full text linkThis chapter reports on the current state of Language Technology (LT) for Galician. The main conclusion is that there are a limited number of resources, products, and technologies for the Galician language with text-based technologies and services being more mature than those based on speech processing. We start with general facts about Galician, followed by a high-level qualitative description of the LT situation for Galician, and conclude with recommendations for bridging the gap between Galician LT with Spanish and the other co-official languages of Spain
Soil microbial carbon consumption is affected by tree and mammal diversity
No full textTrees, mammals, and microbes relate to soil carbon (C) cycle. Trees capture C, and mammals consume plants and other animals, both contributing to organic remains that are then degraded by soil microbes. This organic C can be stored in soils or released into the atmosphere through microbial mineralization. Yet, the simultaneous effects of mammals and trees on C consumption by soil microbes have not been investigated. For 30 sampling sites in a mixed forest-savanna environment in southern Guyana, we jointly analyzed observational data of mammal and tree communities along with soil organic matter (SOM) composition (using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with attenuated total reflectance, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and CNH elemental analyzer) and soil microbial C consumption (using Biolog EcoPlates). It was found that higher mammal functional richness (FRic) and functional evenness (FEve) were related to reduced overall C consumption by soil microbes (for FRic: regression coefficient (β) = -0.010, standard error (SE) = 0.005, P = 0.034; for FEve: β = -0.012, SE = 0.005, P = 0.010) with the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.359, explaining 36% of the variance in average well color development values, whereas a higher tree richness was associated with a reduced diversity of C sources consumed by soil microbial communities (β = -0.353, SE = 0.172, P = 0.041) with the R2 value of 0.290, explaining 29% of the variance in Shannon diversity index values. Our results indicate that mammal and tree communities have complementary effects on soil microbial C consumption, improving our understanding of the functioning of C cycle in the high-diversity Amazon biome. These findings are crucial in elucidating the intricate connections between above- and belowground biodiversity that influence the accumulation and stabilization of soil organic C.National Science Foundation | Ref. BE/CNH 05 08094Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D 2019/024Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/3
Environmental sustainability reporting: a systematic and bibliometric review of two decades of research
Full text linkEnvironmental sustainability is a global concern for governments, companies, investors and consumers. The efforts made by companies to improve sustainability are reflected in their reports. In this sense, the new European Directive on corporate sustainability reporting pushes for ESG indicators to become key information for managers. This study presents a hybrid literature review that combines bibliometric mapping with a structured review of the most influential contributions on environmental sustainability reporting. The objective is to review the publications to identify academic trends, relevance, relationships and methodological advances on the subject. A total of 257 articles on environmental sustainability reporting were located and analysed from the Scopus and WOS databases from 2005 to May 2024. The paper grouped environmental sustainability reporting research into four clusters: sustainability accounting, sustainability reporting and governance, environmental performance and environmental disclosure. The in-depth review of the most cited contributions highlights the influence of corporate governance, organizational culture and firm characteristics on sustainability reporting practices. This article offers a synthesis of the academic literature and identifies key trends and research gaps to guide future studies and support organizations in enhancing the quality, transparency and strategic value of their environmental sustainability reports
Ferramentas da análise económica: unha introdución
No full textO obxectivo deste volumen consiste en dar a coñecer as ferramentas e técnicas básicas das que dispoñemos para analizar a actividade económica dunha determinada rexión, así como para proceder á medición desa actividade económica, ver como é a sua evolución ao longo do tempo e poder facer comparacións entre rexións. A actividade económica é descrita a partir dos conceptos de produción e de renda, que crean valor engadido. Para a sua análise, necesitamos obter información diversa, o tratamento dos datos e a análise dos resultados. A Contabilidade Nacional de España proporciona información sobre as macromagnitudes como o Produto Interior Bruto e as operacións contables, como as operacións de bens e servizos e as de distribución. Para complementar a información que ofrecen o PIB e a Renda Nacional, utilízanse diversos criterios de distribución da renda, como o persoal, o espacial, o sectorial e o funcional, que permiten valorar o grao de concentración da renda. O índice de concentración de Gini e a representación gráfica de Lorenz son os instrumentos máis frecuentemente usados polos economistas para analizar a distribución da renda. Dentro do sistema de contabilidade nacional, o sistema de Contas permite identificar simultaneamente cada operación, a súa contrapartida, e os grupos de unidades implicadas. Diferéncianse dous ámbitos: contas interiores e contas do resto do mundo. Estas últimas rexístranse na Balanza de Pagos, que describe situacións de déficit ou superávit nunha economía nacional.Xunta de Galici
Anthropogenic changes in the fluxes to estuaries: Wastewater discharges compared with river loads in small rias
No full textThe modification of chemical inputs into estuaries/rias by wastewater discharges is poorly documented. Concentrations and fluxes of nutrient salts, organic matter and trace metals in rivers and wastewaters to the mesotrophic Rias of Ortigueira (38 km2) and Viveiro (27 km2), located on the western Cantabrian coast (Bay of Biscay), were evaluated to assess changes in the land-sea fluxes. Water was sampled monthly during a year in the Mera (6.0 m3 s−1) and Landro (9.4 m3 s−1) rivers flowing into the Rias of Ortigueira and Viveiro, respectively. The urban effluents of Ortigueira (1800 inhabitants; treated sewage) and the Viveiro (7100 inhabitants; municipal treated sewage and untreated industrial wastewaters) were also monitored. Concentrations of chemical compounds and their fluxes were quite similar and close to pristine conditions in both rivers. Nitrate (98% of DIN), the limiting nutrient of ria primary production, was controlled by river flow while phosphate by wastewater discharge. Sewage discharges should not disturb the Ria of Ortigueira. Wastewaters fluxes of phosphate, POC, PON, dissolved Cu and particulate Cd, Cu and Zn into the Ria of Viveiro exceeded those of the Landro River, mainly during summer. Also, untreated wastewater effluents from fish food processing in such small fishing ports can be a source of contamination. The Rias of Ortigueira and Vivieiro are a reference point to evaluate fluvial pristine conditions and wastewater discharges on small estuary-ria receptor systems.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia | Ref. CTM2007-62546- C03Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. CTM2011-28792-C0
La pensión de alimentos a favor de los hijos en el derecho español cambios por alteración sobrevenida de las circunstancias
No full textFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UID/05749/202