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Diversity-Sensitive Learning Systems Engineering: Ein gestaltungsorientierter Ansatz zur Konzeption und Implementierung diversitätssensibler Lernplattformen
Full text linkDigitale Bildung steht zunehmend in der Verantwortung, Lernumgebungen für alle Menschen zugänglich und gerecht zu gestalten. Die Dissertation untersucht, wie digitale Lernplattformen diversitätssensibel gestaltet werden können, um psychologische Barrieren, die aus stereotypen Lerninhalten resultieren, systematisch abzubauen. Auf Basis gestaltungsorientierter Forschung und unter Einbeziehung interdisziplinärer Ansätze aus der Wirtschaftsinformatik und Sozialpsychologie, insbesondere der Theorie der Stereotypenbedrohung und des psychologisch inklusiven Designs, werden zunächst umfassende Anforderungen an diversitätssensible Lernplattformen erhoben. Anschließend erfolgt die Entwicklung und Implementierung konkreter IT-Artefakte, etwa eines gendersensiblen Chatbots und automatisierter Analysetools, die gezielt geschlechts- und ethnisch bedingte Barrieren adressieren. Zudem wird die Übertragbarkeit der entwickelten Lösungen auf andere Anwendungsdomänen, wie die Unternehmenskommunikation, empirisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine diversitätssensible Gestaltung digitaler Lernumgebungen nicht nur zur Förderung von Bildungsgerechtigkeit beiträgt, sondern auch ökonomische Vorteile durch gesteigerte Nutzer:innenbindung und eine breitere Talentakquise ermöglicht. Damit leistet die Arbeit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erweiterung der theoretischen Wissensbasis der Wirtschaftsinformatik und bietet praxisrelevante Leitlinien für die Entwicklung inklusiver IT-Systeme
Perspektiven von Menschen mit Rassismuserfahrungen auf den NSU-Komplex
No full textDer NSU-Komplex beschränkt sich nicht nur auf die Täter:innen und ihr Helfer:innennetzwerk, die in der deutschen Nachkriegsgesellschaft eine beispiellose rassistische, rechtsextrem motivierte Mordserie verübt haben. Er verdeutlicht darüber hinaus die Verschränkung rassistischer Gesellschaftsverhältnisse, die sich im (rassistischen) Agieren der Sicherheitsbehörden, der Medien und der Dominanzgesellschaft im Umgang mit den Taten gezeigt hat. Das Working Paper widmet sich daher explizit den Perspektiven von Menschen mit Rassismuserfahrungen auf den NSU-Komplex, um bestehende Forschungslücken zu füllen und anhand einer qualitativen Forschung herauszufinden, welche Bedeutung der NSU-Komplex für sie konkret hat, wie er auf sie persönlich und im Verhältnis zu Staat und Gesellschaft wirkt, und wie sie ihn darin verorten. Für (potenziell) Betroffene von rechter und rassistischer Gewalt reiht sich der NSU-Komplex in ein Kontinuum der Unsicherheit ein, das sich von den Pogromen und Brandanschlägen der 1980er/90er Jahre bis zu den Anschlägen in Halle und Hanau sowie deren Folgen zieht und bis heute weiterwirkt
Managing Boundaries Between Work and Nonwork Roles: A Multilevel Approach to Boundary Management
No full textToday’s workplaces increasingly blur the boundaries between work and nonwork roles. This boundary blurring highlights the need for effective boundary management. Boundary theory posits that individuals manage the boundaries around their life roles by keeping them separate (i.e., segmentation) or blending them (i.e., integration). Based on this theory, previous research has focused on how inter-individual differences in boundary preferences, behaviors, and fit influence outcomes. This dissertation expands current understanding by developing and testing a multilevel model of boundary management. The model takes a dynamic approach to boundary management, considering daily fluctuations in boundary preferences and behaviors. Moreover, it identifies stable and transient antecedents, emphasizing the role of internal states. Additionally, it explores mechanisms through which boundary fit influences work–nonwork and well-being outcomes. The dissertation comprises six interrelated papers that draw on boundary theory and other well-established theories in the work–nonwork literature. These papers employ diverse methodological approaches, including nine cross-lagged panel, experimental, and experience sampling studies. Paper 1 demonstrates that employees’ perceptions of boundary fit mediate the interactive effects of organizational work–nonwork policies and individual boundary preferences on professional and personal outcomes. Paper 2 provides pioneering empirical evidence of within-person variability in daily boundary preferences. Paper 3 highlights the role of affect in driving shifts in boundary preferences. Paper 4 reveals that daily fluctuations in boundary preferences and behaviors are linked reciprocally with variations in work-to-family guilt. Paper 5 shows that preference–behavior discrepancies and perceptions of boundary misfit mediate the impact of affective experiences on work–nonwork outcomes. Finally, Paper 6 assesses the effects of a boundary fit microintervention, demonstrating its beneficial impact on work–nonwork and well-being outcomes. Overall, this dissertation advances the theoretical understanding of the antecedents, mechanisms, and consequences of boundary management dynamics and offers practical insights to enhance the work–nonwork interface
High Resolution Non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy on surfaces with the fluorite structure
No full textNon-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) high-resolution imaging on the fluorite surfaces is investigated. The principles underlying NC-AFM operation are discussed. The ultra-high vacuum (UHV) NC-AFM experimental setup, system modifications for optimised system performance, are described. A systematic approach based on the RHK Beetle UHV VT AFM system to determine the in-plane crystallographic surface directions in SPM images is presented and demonstrated by determining the [11-2] direction in topographic images of a CeO2(111) film grown on a Si(111) wafer and atomic resolution images of CaF2(111). A qualitative symmetry-based combinatorial approach to unambiguously identify the three sublattices of the CaF2(111) surface and the tip-polarity responsible for atomic contrast is introduced. Additionally, the impact of tip changes on atomic scale NC-AFM contrast is analysed, showing that atomic contrast change arises from either a polarity change of the tip terminating cluster or a polarity-preserving tip change. The morphology and growth mechanism of gold (Au) clusters on the CaF2(111) surface are investigated
Datenfabrik YouTube. Zur Kritik der politischen Ökonomie digitaler Plattformen.
No full textÜber die Funktionsweise von Plattformen gibt es noch immer viele Missverständnisse. Oft wird ausgeblendet, dass die Daten – die Haupteinnahmequelle der Plattformen – hergestellt werden und damit das Produkt unbezahlter und weitgehend unerkannter digitaler Arbeit sind. Analog zum Fabrikwesen und den Werkzeugen der politischen Ökonomie entwickelt Thilo Rösch am Beispiel von YouTube ein Modell, mit dem die Kapitalakkumulation von Plattformen analysiert werden kann. Damit wendet er sich nicht nur an Forschende, sondern auch an Creator*innen und User*innen, die die Mechanismen von YouTube und Co. besser verstehen wollen
Privacy Aware Information Systems Engineering: Konzeption und Implementierung datensensibler KI-Systeme
No full textMit dem zunehmenden Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft rücken nicht nur ihre Potenziale, sondern auch ihre Risiken verstärkt in den Fokus. Insbesondere der verantwortungsvolle Umgang mit sensiblen Daten stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung bei der Gestaltung und Implementierung von KI-Systemen dar. Die Disziplin des Privacy Aware Machine Learning (PAML) bietet hierzu vielversprechende Ansätze, um datengetriebene Lernprozesse zu ermöglichen, ohne sensible Informationen zu kompromittieren. Trotz zahlreicher technischer Verfahren – von Anonymisierung über kryptographische Methoden bis hin zu architektonischen Lösungen wie Federated Learning – findet PAML bislang nur begrenzt Anwendung in der unternehmerischen Praxis. Gründe hierfür liegen in fehlendem domänenspezifischem Wissen, geringer Systemintegration sowie einem unzureichenden Transfer von Forschungsergebnissen in soziotechnische Kontexte. Die vorliegende Dissertation adressiert diese Lücke, indem sie PAML als integralen Bestandteil des Konstruktionsprozesses von KI-Systemen konzeptioniert. Ziel ist es, eine vollumfänglichere Betrachtung von PAML über die technische Dimension hinaus zu schaffen. Dazu werden bestehende Hindernisse identifiziert, praxisnahe Lösungsansätze entwickelt und exemplarisch in konkreten Systemarchitekturen implementiert. Die Arbeit leistet damit einen Beitrag zum verantwortungsbewussten Umgang mit sensiblen Daten in derEntwicklung von KI-Systemen und stärkt das Verständnis von PAML für die Wirtschaftsinformatik
Optimizing reshuffling and retrieval operations in automated warehouses
No full textThis thesis contains the study of totally four problems dealing with the optimization of reshuffling and retrieval operations in automated warehouses. First, we investigate the warehouse reshuffling problem with swap moves as a new type of stacker crane movements, and compare it with the common problem variant with relocation moves, both analytically and experimentally. By exploiting structural properties, we formulate it as a generalized traveling salesman problem and present some heuristics. The second problem we study extends the warehouse reshuffling problem with swap moves by a time limit, and we additionally assume that the final storage assignment is not given as input, but has to be determined. We propose optimality criteria for final storage assignments, and develop construction heuristics as well as a simulated annealing algorithm specialized to cope with the time limit. As a third problem, we explore the optimization of pallet retrieval requests in a warehouse with multiple input/output-points. Different problem variants are considered, and we prove NP-hardness results, identify polynomially solvable cases, propose transformations to the traveling salesman problem, and experimentally assess the gain of optimization. The fourth problem we investigate additionally integrates the subsequent pallet processing into the previous retrieval optimization problem, and we apply robust optimization with budgeted uncertainty sets to hedge against deviations in the pallet processing times. We present dynamic programming algorithms for the worst-case evaluation, identify polynomially solvable cases for the scenario with only a single input/output-point, and develop mathematical models for the general case with an arbitrary number of input/output-points. Overall, this thesis reveals theoretical properties of the considered problems and also offers effective optimization approaches, including exact methods and heuristics
Three Essays on Housing: Affordability, Monetary Policy, and Sustainability
No full textThis dissertation explores the multifaceted role of housing markets in shaping affordability, financial stability, and sustainability. Using granular data from Germany, it analyzes how regulatory interventions, monetary policy, and environmental considerations affect housing outcomes.
The first essay analyzes the rent control introduced in Germany from 2015 onward and finds that while intended to improve affordability, the policy had limited success and unintentionally shifted investment toward unregulated, higher-priced newbuilds, thereby contributing to gentrification. The second essay investigates the impact of negative monetary policy rates on housing markets and reveals that resulting profit pressures on liquidity-rich banks led to excessive lending and local price distortions, highlighting the financial stability risks of unconventional monetary policy. The third essay studies the effects of energy efficiency on housing prices and market liquidity, especially after the 2022 energy crisis. It shows that energy-efficient homes have gained in value and marketability, particularly in environmentally conscious regions.
Collectively, these essays highlight the complex and sometimes unintended consequences of policy interventions in housing markets, providing empirical insights for better-informed, more effective regulation, monetary policy, and sustainable real estate investment
The Geopolitics of Svalbard
Full text linkThis working paper analyzes the geopolitics of Svalbard, an archipelago of 400 islands and skerries with an area of 61,022 km² and a population of 2,993 in the Arctic Circle. It is dominated by military and security policy issues and the territory's special status under the Svalbard Treaty. The official name of the territory is Svalbard (cool coast), but for the region, the name of the main island, Spitsbergen, is also used.
Overall, the Svalbard Treaty was successful and supported the peaceful coexistence of the inhabitants. The development of international law over the past 100 years, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) with the establishment of 200-mile zones as Exclusive Economic Zones and claims to continental shelves resulted in different interpretations of the Svalbard Treaty. However, the treaty itself is also a source of discussions, particularly when it comes to fishing and military use.
For Norway and NATO, the presence of the Russians and the Chinese represents a special situation, while for the Russians, Svalbard lies directly in the passage of the Northern Fleet into the Atlantic. Russia was the first country to use the provisions of the Svalbard Treaty to establish its presence, which still exists today. China has a presence in Ny-Ålesund with the Yellow River Research Station since 2004 and is expanding its Arctic activities. From a security perspective, the SvalSat ground station for satellites and the deep-sea cables are important. Due to the increasing tensions in international relations, the stability of the region is now a subject of geopolitical discourse
The Fleets of the Naval Powers USA and China
Full text linkThis working paper analyzes the strategies of the naval powers China and the United States, which focus on the expansion and modernization of their fleets. The United States' far-reaching control of the Pacific and the so-called first island chain with the US allies Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines limit China's influence. This situation remained stable during the 20th century, but now China's resurgence had also military impact. China is now attempting to push the US Navy back to the so-called second island chain around Guam. Even if the number of ships alone says nothing about combat power, China also has the world's largest navy from the American perspective. By 2030, the Americans expect 435 Chinese military vessels compared to 294 own vessels. While most US ships were built in the 1990s and 2000s, China began most of its ship building after 2010. China will also surpass the United States in firepower by 2027. China's late but rapidly expanding naval construction is also linked to the modernized military doctrine. A special feature are the land-based DongFeng anti-ship long-range missiles and the hypersonic weapons. In addition to the navy, there is also a strong naval militia and coast guard. The Americans are countering this development with new tactics and modern weapons systems. In terms of traditional manned combat ships, the US Navy will not catch up with the Chinese Navy in the next 30 years, but a second fleet of 134 unmanned ships and submarines is planned which could be used for reconnaissance and combat missions. China is working on hypersonic missiles and anti-ship cruise missiles, and the US Navy is currently developing similar systems. The US Navy is also working on laser systems which are fast and powerful enough to destroy Chinese anti-ship missiles. China is trying to catch up with the American lead in laser weapons. Like the US Navy, China is also working on unmanned systems. The US Navy is already deploying its most modern ships to the Pacific and investing in infrastructure and training. This is in addition to a new tactical concept with more dispersed ships equipped with improved sensors, and the deployment of more long-range weapons and unmanned systems. However, most unmanned systems on both sides are still in the development phase, making it difficult to estimate their actual growth and impact. The US Navy dominates the construction of nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed submarines, but China currently has six Jin-class submarines, which now have nuclear missiles capable of attacking the United States from the South China Sea. The US Department of Defense's Replicator program aims to deploy cost-effective and autonomous systems on a scale of several thousand in various domains in the Indo-Pacific, networking all types of unmanned and autonomous systems from underwater systems to satellites. A key problem in long-term planning, in addition to financing and delays in development and construction, is the rapid technological progress that will promote the trend towards unmanned systems and anti-ship missiles, making the future of the traditional navy increasingly questionable