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Die Rezeption des germanischen Choraldialekts in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Eine musikwissenschaftliche und kirchengeschichtliche Studie zu Begriff und Gegenstand
Get PDFDer germanische Choraldialekt war während dreier Dezennien ein Forschungsgegenstand, der über die Musikwissenschaft hinausreichte. Er wurde liturgiewissenschaftlich, missionstheologisch und kulturkundlich, ja selbst identitätspolitisch rezipiert und war in der katholischen und in der evangelischen Liturgie beheimatet. Markus Zimmer zeichnet das Entstehen dieser Forschungsrichtung nach und beschreibt Konflikte, die daraus für die Choralrestauration erwuchsen. Auch wird erklärt warum bald nur noch Fachleute darüber Bescheid wussten.
Im Zentrum der Untersuchung stehen das Schaffen von Michael Hermesdorff (Trier), Peter Wagner (Fribourg) und Ephrem Omlin (Engelberg), das Schweizer Benediktinerantiphonar sowie die Kiedricher Choralschule mit ihrer noch heute gepflegten Gesangspraxis
Institutionen der Gelehrsamkeit und dichten ‚bey Gelegenheit’. Ein Beitrag zum literarischen Leben im Osnabrück der Frühen Neuzeit
Get PDFIn der Barockforschung ist inzwischen anerkannt, dass die Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit – und hier vor allem die Gelegenheitsdichtung, die Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist – in besonderer Weise von außerliterarischen Bedingungen und Voraussetzungen sowie vom sozialen Beziehungsgeflecht bestimmt ist. Das belegen die bis heute trotz Kriegs- und sonstiger Verluste massenweise erhaltenen Dokumente, die aufgrund ihrer Menge bisher meist nur – wenn überhaupt – für einzelne Städte bzw. Regionen erfaßt und erschlossen worden sind. Mit dieser Arbeit wurde erstmalig der Versuch unternommen, die in Osnabrück noch vorhandenen Drucke für den Zeitraum 1615 bis 1793 bibliographisch zu erfassen sowie deren Autoren und AdressatInnen den für die frühneuzeitliche Literaturproduktion einschlägigen Institutionen Osnabrücks zuzuordnen
Three experimental investigations of individual decision-making behaviour
Get PDFThis dissertation is a collection of three experimental investigations of individual decision-making behaviour. The first chapter focusses on the endowment effect and investigates whether acquiring bundles of goods in dictinct steps has an impact on the endowment effect. The second chapter is motivated by the replication crisis. It has been found that a substantial number of experimental findings in social sciences have failed to replicate. This chapter addresses this topic by conducting an online replication experiment of five influential behavioural patterns in risky decision-making. The third chapter investigates the normativity of the independence axiom of Expected Utility Theory motivated by a classic experiment reported by Slovic and Tversky (1974). This chapter focusses on designing and implementing an updated version of Slovic and Tversky's (1974) design to be in line with modern standards in experimental economics and extends it to the second version of the Allais Paradox (common ratio effect)
Developmental Plasticity of the Amphibious Liverwort Riccia fluitans
Get PDFThe colonization of land by ancestors of embryophyte plants was one of the most significant evolutionary events in the history of life on earth. The lack of a buffering aquatic environment necessitated adaptations for coping with novel abiotic challenges, particularly high light intensities and desiccation as well as the formation of novel anchoring structures. Bryophytes mark the transition from freshwater to terrestrial habitats and form adaptive features such as rhizoids for soil contact and water uptake, devices for gas exchange along with protective and repellent surface layers. The amphibious liverwort Riccia fluitans can grow as a land form (LF) or water form (WF) and was employed to analyze these critical traits in two different habitats. A combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies was conducted to characterize and compare WF and LF morphologies. A complete phenotypic adaptation of a WF plant to a terrestrial habitat is accomplished within 15 days after the transition. Stable transgenic R. fluitans lines expressing GFP-TUBULIN and mCherry proteins were generated to study cell division and differentiation processes and revealed a higher cell division activity in enlarged meristematic regions at LF apical notches. Morphological studies demonstrated that the R. fluitans WF initiates air pore formation. However, these pores are arrested at an early four cell stage and do not develop further into open pores that could mediate gas exchange. Similarly, also arrested rhizoid initial cells are formed in the WF, which exhibit a distinctive morphology compared to other ventral epidermal cells. Furthermore, we detected that the LF thallus has a reduced surface permeability compared to the WF, likely mediated by formation of thicker LF cell walls and a distinct cuticle compared to the WF. Our R. fluitans developmental plasticity studies can serve as a basis to further investigate in a single genotype the molecular mechanisms of adaptations essential for plants during the conquest of land
Moral Agency, Rules, and Temporality in People Who Are Diagnosed With Mild Forms of Autism: In Defense of a Sentimentalist View
No full textThe origin of moral agency is a much-debated issue. While rationalists or Kantians have argued that moral agency is rooted in reason, sentimentalists or Humeans have ascribed its origin to empathic feelings. This debate between rationalists and sentimentalists still stands with respect to persons with mental disorders, such as individuals diagnosed with mild forms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), without intellectual impairment. Individuals with ASD are typically regarded as moral agents, however their ability for empathy remains debated. The goal of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of moral actions in people with ASD, by finding arguments for the origin of their moral actions, supporting either the sentimentalist or the rationalist view of the dispute. We propose to revisit the debate using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to study the autobiographies of individuals with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) and Asperger Syndrome (AS). While conducting the systematic analysis of 10 autobiographies, we re-examined both the rationalist and the sentimentalist positions, considering the links between empathic feelings and moral agency. The investigation of the temporal dimensions of emotional experiences, an aspect overlooked by previous research, indicated that individuals with ASD empathize with others, but in different ways as compared to neurotypicals. A relationship between emotional experience and the type of moral agency exhibited by individuals with forms of ASD was established. As a consequence, our analyses support the sentimentalist stance on moral action
Applying the Dynamic Dual Pathway Model of Approach Coping to Collective Action Among Advantaged Group Allies and Disadvantaged Group Members
Get PDFWe apply the dynamic dual pathway model of approach coping to understanding the predictors of future collective action among a sample of advantaged group allies and disadvantaged group members who were attending a protest. We propose that problem-focused approach coping (i.e., group efficacy beliefs) would be a stronger predictor of future collective action among disadvantaged compared to advantaged group members, and emotion-focused approach coping (i.e., group-based anger) would be a stronger predictor of future collective action among advantaged compared to disadvantaged group members. Data was collected from LGBTIQ+ and heterosexual people (N = 189) protesting as part of the 2019 Christopher Street Day Parade in Cologne, Germany. We found that increased group efficacy predicted intentions to engage in future collective action for the rights of sexual minorities among LGBTIQ+ but not heterosexual participants. Increased group-based anger was a predictor of future collective action intentions regardless of which group the participants belonged to. Our findings extend the dynamic dual pathway model by applying it to a sample of advantaged group allies and disadvantaged group members attending a protest using a multiple perspectives approach
Muttersprache
Get PDFWenige Begriffe wirken so selbstverständlich wie der Begriff Muttersprache. Jeder Mensch hat eine Muttersprache, das scheint sich von selbst zu erklären. Sie ist so etwas wie unsere sprachliche Heimat, die Sprache, die wir spielerisch gelernt haben, mit Geborgenheit und engen Beziehungen verbinden, mit der eigenen Mutter, der Familie. Warum, so mag sich die eine oder der andere beim Überfliegen des Inventars der Migrationsbegriffe gefragt haben, taucht dieser Begriff hier auf? Welchen Bezug hat er zu Debatten über Migration? Und was könnte daran kontrovers sein? Tatsächlich ist der Begriff mit allerhand Vorstellungen behaftet, die – nicht nur, aber auch und insbesondere – im migrationsgesellschaftlichen Kontext problematisch sind. Das hängt mit den Sprachvorstellungen zusammen, die das Selbstbild der modernen Nationalstaaten prägen. Die darin verfestigten Normalitätsannahmen über Sprache(n), die Sprachkompetenzen von Menschen und die Sprachverhältnisse einer Gesellschaft bilden auch die Matrix für einen diskriminierenden Gebrauch des Muttersprachbegriffs in der Migrationsgesellschaft
Vorwort der Herausgeber
No full textInformationen zum Inhalt von Band 27 / 2020 des Osnabrücker Jahrbuch Frieden und Wissenschaf
Ernterückstandsmanagement nach Herbstspinat zur Minderung von Stickstoffverlusten über die Sickerwasserperiode im Winter
No full textIn open-field vegetable production, high quantities of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and N-rich crop residues often remain in the field at harvest. After the harvest of crops in autumn, this N can lead to considerable nitrate (NO3-) losses during the subsequent winter leaching period. In four field trials, different tillage depths (3–4, 10, 30 cm) and dates (early autumn, late autumn, early spring) were investigated to reduce N losses after growing spinach in the autumn. In a further treatment, the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was directly applied to the crop residues. Potential N losses were calculated by a balance sheet approach based on Nmin concentration (0–90 cm), measured N mineralization and N uptake by catch crops. By postponing the tillage date
from early to late autumn or spring, resprouting spinach stubbles acted as a catch crop, reducing N losses by up to 61 kg ha-1. However, if the spinach biomass collapsed, the N losses increased by up to 33 kg ha-1 even without tillage. The application of DMPP as well as the tillage depth were less effective. Overall, postponing tillage to spring seems to be the most promising approach for reducing N losses during the off-season
Synthesis and Energy Storage Performance of Novel Redox-Active Polymers
No full textThe lithium-ion battery is the most preferred choice for energy storage, for example, in electric vehicle batteries and electronic devices. These commonly utilized transition metal-based cathodes and graphite anodes. However, replacing the active materials with organic, redox-active materials is of great interest since these organic batteries are excelling in charging speed and cycling stability. Therefore, in the present thesis, the synthesis and characterization of potential organic electroactive materials, mainly polymers, are investigated. Concerning the structure of the polymers, linear polymers, three-dimensional / crosslinked polymers, as well as dendrimers, were chosen. The electroactive subunits include viologen, imide, triphenylamine, porphyrin, and ferrocene, either as homopolymer or copolymer, as well as active materials like graphene oxide (GO) or electrolytes. The characterization of the structures was performed by means of NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The electrochemical properties of products were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Electrodes were prepared by drop-casting a solution of the polymers onto a current collector, and the (dis)charge performance was investigated. To enhance the conductivity of the layers, composites of the polymers with GO were prepared. Since the performance depends on the electrolyte composition, different types of solvents and salts were used and compared. The capacities in a thin film of pure polymers and dendrimers were much smaller than in the composite film with rGO. These performances are based on the molecular self-assembly of polymers and dendrimers on individual GO sheets yielding colloidal polymer/dendrimer@GO and efficient GO/rGO transformation electrocatalyzed by polymers and dendrimers. However, the stability and capacity of some polymers and dendrimers such as P2, P5, P6 and G2 were not optimal in this type of composite film. Moreover, the peak potential in the positive charge range assigned to the nitrogen centre of triphenylamine and porphyrin was found to decrease after the first scan, which is probably due to a dissolution of the film. Therefore different methods were used to composite polymer or dendrimer with GO such as reducing GO before mixing. As noticed that the redox behaviour of amine and ferrocene are reversible, but the stability of radical cation species is not stable in organic solvent after oxidation. Besides the preparation of electrodes by drop-casting, the layer-by-layer process was used by alternate dipping between cationic polymer solution and anionic GO or Poly(sodium p-styerenesulfonate) (PSS) solution. PSS acts as a counter ion for the polymer, which changes the moving species in the electrolyte from anion to cation. As noted that a large cation (TBA+) shows lower capacity compared to small cations (Li+, K+). Apart from the CV, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to monitor layer growth