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Regionales Pflegekompetenzzentrum – Innovationsstrategie für die Langzeitversorgung vor Ort (ReKo). Infrastrukturanalyse Interventionsregion ReKo. Basiserhebung t0, 2020/2021.
Get PDFIn vielen ländlichen Regionen droht Krankenhäusern aufgrund geringer Fallzahlen und mangelnder Rentabilität das Aus, während gleichzeitig häufig ein Engpass in der Pflegeversorgung besteht. Im Projekt „Regionales Pflegekompetenzzentrum – Innovationsstrategie für die Langzeitversorgung vor Ort“ (ReKo) wird untersucht, wie das Konzept der regionalen Pflegekompetenzzentren dazu beitragen kann, pflegerische Versorgungssicherheit und -qualität in ländlichen Regionen zu unterstützen. Zentrale Bestandteile sind dabei ein differenziertes pflegeorientiertes Case Management sowie ein unterstützendes digitales Ökosystem. Gegenstand der Projekt-Evaluation ist u. a. die Analyse der Infrastruktur in den Regionen. Zugrunde gelegt wird hierbei das Modell des Community Health Assessements, welches für die spezifischen Projektbelange an einigen Stellen angepasst und erweitert wurde
Dinge und Handlungsfähigkeit in der beruflichen Pflege Identifikation soziomaterieller Aspekte als vorbereitende Begriffsarbeit im Rückgriff auf die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie in der Lesart Bruno Latours
Get PDFHintergrund:
Materielle Artefakte bilden die handwerkliche Seite der Pflege ab, welche im Zuge der Professionalisierung der Pflege in den Hintergrund getreten ist (Sandelowski 2003). Mit der zu-künftig erwarteten Technisierung der Pflege durch digitale und robotische Artefakte wird die materielle Seite der beruflich erbrachten Pflege jedoch wieder an Bedeutung gewinnen. Angesichts des demographischen Wandels und der zunehmenden Personalknappheit sind mit den Technologien gewisse Erwartungen verbunden die pflegerische Versorgung sichern zu können. Allerdings bildet das berufliche pflegerische Handeln nicht den Hauptfokus in techno-logischen sowie digitalen Entwicklungs- und Implementierungsprojekten. Dies führt zur Unsichtbarkeit beruflich erbrachten pflegerischen Handelns und damit der beruflich Pflegenden als Stakeholder-Gruppe innerhalb dieser Projekte. Dabei ist es wichtig die Relation von Din-gen und Pflegenden zu untersuchen, um den Handlungsbeitrag der Dinge zur beruflichen Handlungsfähigkeit der Pflegenden als leiborientierte Beziehungsarbeit (Remmers 2014) her-auszuarbeiten. Im Zentrum dieser Untersuchung stehen dabei die etablierten und damit scheinbar banalen Dinge der Pflege, weil sie auf der Mikroebene das materiale Ensemble darstellen, in dem die neuen Technologien zukünftig integriert werden sollen. Dabei dient die-se Arbeit als Annäherung an bzw. Vorbereitung einer pflegewissenschaftlich informierten und in der Forschung angemahnten Begriffsarbeit (Hülsken-Giesler 2019), in dem soziomaterielle Aspekte der beruflichen pflegerischen Handlungsfähigkeit und damit der Agency beruflich Pflegender identifiziert werden.
Ziele:
Das Ziel der Untersuchung bildet die Identifikation von soziomateriellen Aspekten beruflicher pflegerischer Handlungsfähigkeit auf empirischer Basis. Hiermit soll ein Verständnis über die Ausformungen materieller Agency in den Relationen von Pflegenden und den Dingen sowie den von ihnen versorgten Menschen entwickelt werden. Die zu formulierenden soziomateriellen Aspekte dienen damit als vorbereitende Arbeit für die weitere Definition und Beschreibung der soziomateriellen Agency beruflich Pflegender.
Studiendesign und Methoden:
Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine qualitative Studie, welche ethnographische Untersuchungen und teilstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews beinhaltet. Sie weist einen explorativen Charakter auf. Als methodische und theoretische Perspektive bezieht sie sich auf Bruno Latours Verständnis der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (Latour 2014a). Die Interpretation der Beobachtungsprotokolle lehnt sich an dem Konzept der ethnographischen Vignetten nach LeCompte und Schensul an (2013). Die Auswertung der Interviews erfolgt in Form einer qua-litativ-inhaltlich-strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz (2014). Im Studienverlauf sind 19 ethnographische Feldeinsätze in den Handlungsfeldern der stationären Akutpflege und der ambulanten Pflege, inklusive der ambulanten Intensivpflege, sowie 12 Interviews mit beruflich Pflegenden durchgeführt worden.
Ergebnisse:
Die soziomateriellen Aspekte beruflich pflegerischen Handelns erscheinen vielfältig zu sein. Insgesamt ließen sich aus der Zusammenführung von Beobachtungs- und Interviewdaten die Aspekte „Leibsphäre als zu kommunizierender Ansatzpunkt der Dinge“, „Tinkering von Din-gen, Menschen und Räumen als kritisches und unvollständiges Unterfangen“, „Hybridität als Anlass für Sorge um Menschen und (technische) Dinge“, „Qualität soziomaterieller Relationen“, „Fehlender Plug-in-Charakter der Dinge“ sowie „Inskription(en) als Performanz“ interpretieren. Während der erstgenannte Aspekt das Erfordernis an Pflegende die Nutzung der Dinge an und in den Körpern den pflegerisch versorgten Menschen gegenüber proaktiv zu kommunizieren benennt, bezeichnet der zweite Aspekt das Erfordernis zum fortlaufenden Anpassen von Dingen an die Körper der Menschen und umgekehrt auch an die räumlichen Bedingungen. Die Hybridität bezeichnet die enge Kopplung von Ding und Mensch, z.B. im Falle der Verbindung von Mensch und Heimbeatmungsgerät. Diese enge Kopplung begründet dabei in Richtung der Pflegenden ein spezifisches Sorgeverhältnis für beide Entitäten. Hin-sichtlich der Qualität soziomaterieller Relationen lassen sich verschiedene exemplarische Themen interpretieren: Hierzu gehören das Thema des leibkörperlichen Optimums, der ästhetischen Unauffälligkeit und Praktikabilität der Dinge, der Ermöglichung von Autonomie, der relativen Entlastung von Arbeitsaufwand sowie der Ambivalenz von Kontrollgewinn und –verlust. Der Aspekt des fehlenden Plug-in-Charakters wiederum unterstreicht die Bedeutung des professionellen Wissens und der Expertise der Pflegenden, weil die Dinge sie nicht allein handlungsfähig machen können. Zudem erscheint die Inskription als letzter Aspekt eine per-formative Angelegenheit zu sein. Diese erfolgt punktuell in Form der Einarbeitung in den Um-gang mit den jeweiligen Dingen, bedarf aber auch des wiederholten Umgangs mit ihnen.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen:
Die soziomaterielle Agency beruflich Pflegender beruht auf der mutmaßlichen Mitwirkung der materiellen Dinge. Sie verdeutlicht den pflegerischen Arbeitsaufwand und damit auch die Personalintensität der Pflege. Für künftige Entwicklungsprojekte von digitalen und robotischen Technologien sind daher andere Effizienzvorstellungen erforderlich. Mit dieser explorativen Arbeit konnte hierzu eine Annäherung vorgenommen werden. Methodisch hat sich zudem der Nutzwert der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie als heuristischer Ansatz für eine mikrologisch orientierte Pflegeforschung zur Beschreibung von soziomateriellen Konstellationen gezeigt
“Vegan Teachers Make Students Feel Really Bad”: Is Teaching Sustainable Nutrition Indoctrinating?
No full textThe transformation toward more sustainable food choices may be supported by an education for sustainable nutrition. In schools, biology teachers play a key role in educating students as sustainability change makers, as biology lessons provide various opportunities to deal with ESD-topics such as sustainable nutrition. Teachers’ classroom practices may be influenced by their personal choices regarding sustainable nutrition. Additionally, students may see their teachers as role models for sustainable behavior. This presents the risk of students adopting teachers’ beliefs and behaviors without reflection. Teaching sustainable nutrition is therefore in potential conflict with indoctrinating young people toward sustainable diets. To date, no studies have addressed the perceived risk of indoctrination in the context of teaching sustainable nutrition in relation to teachers’ personal beliefs, behaviors, and teaching practices. Therefore, this study explored whether biology teachers themselves perceive a risk of indoctrination when teaching sustainable nutrition, and what methods they use for teaching it in a non-indoctrinating way. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured interviews with seven in-service biology teachers from high schools in Germany. Data for this explorative qualitative study were collected from July to October 2021 using convenience sampling. These were analyzed by qualitative coding and content analysis. The preliminary results of this study show that participants recognize a high risk of indoctrination when teaching sustainable nutrition, primarily due to their own teaching actions, such as deciding whether to reveal their own dietary choices to students. While some participants believed teachers must be restrained, others thought that open communication about personal choices could benefit student decision-making skills. In terms of avoiding indoctrination when teaching sustainable nutrition, participants advocated for student-centered and multi-perspective teaching approaches. Based on the findings, initial implications for further research and teacher training are discussed
A Survey of Domain-Specific Architectures for Reinforcement Learning
No full textReinforcement learning algorithms have been very successful at solving sequential decision-making problems in many different problem domains. However, their training is often time-consuming, with training times ranging from multiple hours to weeks. The development of domain-specific architectures for reinforcement learning promises faster computation times, decreased experiment turn-around time, and improved energy efficiency. This paper presents a review of hardware architectures for the acceleration of reinforcement learning algorithms. FPGA-based implementations are the focus of this work, but GPU-based approaches are considered as well. Both tabular and deep reinforcement learning algorithms are included in this survey. The techniques employed in different implementations are highlighted and compared. Finally, possible areas for future work are suggested, based on the preceding discussion of existing architectures
"Burger.i.doo" - An Innovative Education Game for the Assessment of Sustainability from Meat and Substitute Products in Science Education
Get PDFHow will we be fed in the future? Without a doubt, the recent development has to undergo a change, to stick to the aims of sustainable development. Modern agriculture is in the compulsion of its consumers’ behaviour and the constantly growing amount of food required for feeding the world population. This nutrition is taken into individual responsibility, but to be able to make decisions regarding sustainable nutrition, educational work is required. By determining the environmental impact of different ingredients, Burger.i.doo contributes to the Education of Sustainable Nutrition and empowers its gamers to gain and extend their knowledge about the consumption of capabilities. It is designed for students aged 14 to 18. The aim is to create the most sustainable burger, which is measured in five categories: greenhouse gas emission, water consumption, land use, price and taste, by comparing the different categories of vegan, vegetarian, pescetarian and different meat options of burgers. To evaluate the impact of the game, a survey was conducted. It shows that the key targets of the construction of the game are fulfilled: the gamers had fun, learned about the impact of food on the environment and the game had a positive influence on their environmental consciousness
Skin Toxicity of Selected Hair Cosmetic Ingredients: A Review Focusing on Hairdressers
No full textThe safety assessment of cosmetics considers the exposure of a ‘common consumer’, not the occupational exposure of hairdressers. This review aims to compile and appraise evidence regarding the skin toxicity of cysteamine hydrochloride (cysteamine HCl; CAS no. 156-57-0), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; CAS no. 9003-39-8), PVP copolymers (CAS no. 28211-18-9), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES; CAS no. 9004-82-4), cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA; CAS no. 68603-42-9), and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; CAS no. 61789-40-0). A total of 298 articles were identified, of which 70 were included. Meta-analysis revealed that hairdressers have a 1.7-fold increased risk of developing a contact allergy to CAPB compared to controls who are not hairdressers. Hairdressers might have a higher risk of acquiring quantum sensitization against cysteamine HCl compared to a consumer because of their job responsibilities. Regarding cocamide DEA, the irritant potential of this surfactant should not be overlooked. Original articles for PVP, PVP copolymers, and SLES are lacking. This systematic review indicates that the current standards do not effectively address the occupational risks associated with hairdressers’ usage of hair cosmetics. The considerable irritant and/or allergenic potential of substances used in hair cosmetics should prompt a reassessment of current risk assessment practices
Spatio-temporal Analysis for Semantic Monitoring of Agricultural Logistics
Get PDFManaging agricultural processes with significant logistics sub-processes is a challenge because coordinating a distributed fleet in a dynamic environment is difficult without proper oversight in terms of qualitative and quantitative process information. Digital assistance systems are thought to aid agricultural practitioners by providing process-related information and thus support operational decision-making or even control the logistic flow (semi-)automatically. However, their development is currently stifled by a lack of monitoring capabilities during process execution. This thesis concerns the topic of online process monitoring for ongoing agricultural logistic processes. It discusses how to extract process knowledge from the telemetry of agricultural machines by applying spatio-semantic reasoning techniques. Our method combines spatial analysis for identifying spatial relationships between machines and their environment with semantic inference to derive formal process knowledge through ontological and rule-based reasoning. To test our concepts, we implemented a domain-agnostic semantic mapping framework and applied it in the context of forage maize harvesting. We present custom-made ontological models and rules to represent agricultural environments and to reason about machine actors and their process states. Based on our prototype, we demonstrate how to implement automated process and service tracking in near-real-time. Finally, we discuss the role of online process analytics systems in the context of other agricultural assistance systems for farm and fleet management
The Geostrategy of Computer Chips (Semiconductors)
No full textAfter a long-term dominance of the perspective of the cyberspace as a virtual world, security experts are gaining a more and more physical understanding: who controls the devices and the cables, also controls the data in them. Meanwhile, it was realized that the production of computers and digital devices has critical bottlenecks and that the control of critical elements like rare metals and semiconductors (computer chips, computing chips, microprocessors) as core element of each digital device could be used for geostrategic purposes. Without advanced chips, further progress of digital technology is slowed down or even impossible. For this reason, an intense competition between US and China has taken place. The market analysis shows that US and its Asian allies (Japan, South Korea and Taiwan) dominate most of the chip production steps while China controls the materials needed for the production of the surrounding computers and digital devices, the rare metals. Since 2018, the United States stepwise restricted the export of semiconductors and related manufacturing equipment to China. Amongst other activities, the United States were able to block the selling of the so-called EUV technology to China which makes it in future for China quite difficult or even impossible to produce advanced chips (and thus advanced computers). On 07 Oct 2022, these restrictions were significantly expanded to restrict Chinas ability to obtain advanced computing chips, develop and maintain supercomputers, and manufacture advanced semiconductors. This step could significantly slow down Chinas technological development for years and China is now facing hard strategic choices and decisions
Common Patterns of Hydrolysis Initiation in P-loop Fold Nucleoside Triphosphatases
Get PDFThe P-loop fold nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) hydrolases (also known as Walker NTPases) function as ATPases, GTPases, and ATP synthases, are often of medical importance, and represent one of the largest and evolutionarily oldest families of enzymes. There is still no consensus on their catalytic mechanism. To clarify this, we performed the first comparative structural analysis of more than 3100 structures of P-loop NTPases that contain bound substrate Mg-NTPs or their analogues. We proceeded on the assumption that structural features common to these P-loop NTPases may be essential for catalysis. Our results are presented in two articles. Here, in the first, we consider the structural elements that stimulate hydrolysis. Upon interaction of P-loop NTPases with their cognate activating partners (RNA/DNA/protein domains), specific stimulatory moieties, usually Arg or Lys residues, are inserted into the catalytic site and initiate the cleavage of gamma phosphate. By analyzing a plethora of structures, we found that the only shared feature was the mechanistic interaction of stimulators with the oxygen atoms of gamma-phosphate group, capable of causing its rotation. One of the oxygen atoms of gamma phosphate coordinates the cofactor Mg ion. The rotation must pull this oxygen atom away from the Mg ion. This rearrangement should affect the properties of the other Mg ligands and may initiate hydrolysis according to the mechanism elaborated in the second article
Heritage and Repeat Photography: Techniques, Management, Applications, and Publications
Get PDFRepeat photography, the process of locating the camera position of an old photo and taking a new photo from this position, is utilized to protect our natural heritage, by measuring landscape changes between old and new image, and to conserve and recover our architectural and archaeological heritage, by observing changes between images taken before, during, and after conservation efforts or destructive events. Most importantly, repeat photography—in short, rephotography—is connecting us to our heritage on all levels from personal to global: while rephotographing, we connect with the old image and its creator and—when viewing and comparing the old image and the rephotograph—we connect with the tangible, intangible, and natural heritage shown in the images by observing changes and continuities. In this paper, we review publications and applications employing rephotography. We discuss the organization, retrieval, and presentation of rephotographic compilations, their generation by different image registration techniques, and their conservation as rephotographic heritage. Further, we describe challenges in rephotography, discuss how they differ from standard challenges in photography, computer vision, and image registration and present both analog and digital solutions and tools used in practice by rephotographers to address said challenges