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Systematische Konzeption einer App-basierten Nachsorge zur Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements in der berufsdermatologischen, stationären Rehabilitation
No full textPoster über die systematische Konzeption einer App-basierten Nachsorge zur Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements in der berufsdermatologischen, stationären Rehabilitatio
Aktivierung und Stärkung pro-sozialer Präferenzen zur Förderung umweltfreundlichen Verhaltens
Get PDFAgainst the backdrop of global environmental degradation and the need for structural as well as individual change in consumption and production, this dissertation addresses the question of whether and how other-regarding preferences are related to pro-environmental behavior including approval of structural change. In a review of experimental studies on this interface as well as the implementation of own experiments, it is investigated whether – as assumed by some theories –there is a causal and positive relationship between both elements, through which mechanisms, for whom and with under which conditions this link becomes effective. It can be concluded that strengthening and activating other-regarding preferences can lead to more pro-environmental behavior, moderated by various factors such as existing preferences and behavioral costs. From the comparison with interventions for more environmental protection that address people's self-interest, no clear result could be drawn as to which approach is more effective. In an online study with a German sample, we showed that perspective-taking with a person affected by environmental degradation is not sufficient to influence costly behavior, but increases valuation of and perception of oneness to the person – partly depending on who and where this other person is. Further, we showed that people in Germany were less likely to sign a petition for more climate protection if the affected person lived in India rather than Germany. We found preliminary evidence that people with strong racist attitudes began to reject policies when the name of the person involved was of non-German origin, even if the person lived in Germany. In a second experiment in the context of corporate sustainability, neither a discourse around corporate responsibility nor a discourse around a "business case" for sustainability led to greater pro-environmental engagement among participants. At the same time, we were able to show that the "business case" discourse reduced the willingness to bear costs for environmental protection that could not be justified by indirect profits
Understanding Business Model, Business Strategy, and Their Role for Firm Performance in the Era of Digital Transformation: A Mixed Methods Approach
Get PDFTechnological change has been a driving force in the competitive game as technology is recognized as a major factor in determining a firm’s market success. As such, firms need to identify effective ways of managing and exploiting newly emerging technology. To explore the unique properties of new digital technology, and its impact for the firm’s capability of value creation, this dissertation investigates extant insights on the established management concepts of business model and business strategy. This dissertation outlines that the concepts of business model and business strategy need to be complemented by an information systems perspective in order to account for the specific characteristics of digital transformation and the requirements of digital technology management. Drawing on business ecosystem theory and contingency theory, this dissertation provides a typology for business model and business strategy for digital technology management and examines the impact of the identified archetypes for firm performance
Artificial Intelligence Management and Engineering: Ein gestaltungsorientierter Ansatz zur systematischen Entwicklung und Anwendung KI-basierter Informationssysteme
Get PDFKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem wichtigen und viel diskutierten Thema in Wissenschaft und Praxis geworden. Doch trotz der zunehmenden Verbreitung von KI-Technologien in Unternehmen scheinen die realisierten Mehrwerte hinter den Erwartungen zurückzubleiben. Vor diesem Hintergrund vertritt diese Dissertation die These, dass zur Erfüllung der betrieblichen Erwartungen an KI-Technologien eine umfassende und aktive Steuerung verschiedener soziotechnischer Handlungsfelder und somit ein übergreifendes KI-Management notwendig ist. Dabei sollte KI nicht nur als isolierte Technologie, sondern als integraler Bestandteil moderner Informationssysteme betrachtet und verstanden werden. Durch die Verknüpfung von Managementstrategien und ingenieurtechnischen Prinzipien wird in dieser Arbeit ein Ansatz zur ganzheitlichen Steuerung der Entwicklung und Anwendung KI-basierter Informationssysteme gestaltet. Es werden Erkenntnisse darüber geliefert, wie Unternehmen technische, soziale und organisatorische Herausforderungen adressieren und KI-basierte Informationssysteme zur Kostensenkung oder zur Umsatzsteigerung einsetzen können. Mit der Vorstellung eines gestaltungsorientierten KI-Managementansatzes trägt diese Dissertation zur wissenschaftlichen Literatur im Bereich der Wirtschaftsinformatik und des Informationsmanagements bei. Unter Einbezug von realen Anwendungsfällen wird zudem die praktische Anwendbarkeit der Ergebnisse demonstriert. Dadurch werden sowohl Forscher als auch Praktiker unterstützt, die Potenziale von KI in einem umfassenden Kontext zu verstehen und erfolgreich zu nutzen
Spike-based acquisition of grammatical structure: on the importance of low-level brain mechanisms for high-level cognitive skills
Get PDFCognition can be studied across a variety of interfaces. While the 'brain-cognition' interface highlights the aim to build explanatory models for the implementation of cognition in the biological brain, 'low-high' and 'subsymbolic-symbolic' interfaces demonstrate the scope of possible representation and computation types underlying cognition. This thesis aimed at contributing potential connecting links across these interfaces by taking a closer look at the underlying learning mechanisms of human grammar acquisition (i.e. a high-level and possibly symbolic cognitive skill). Motivated by the hypothesis that especially early childhood language acquisition phases are characterised by associative, statistical learning types, the acquisition of isolated and nested non-adjacent grammars was modelled by associative, statistical learning in a spiking recurrent neural network (i.e. a low-level and subsymbolic mechanism). By demonstrating that grammar learning outcomes of the model (i.e. distributed synapse assembly strengths) complied with a variety of grammar acquisition performance patterns of human learners, associative, statistical learning was identified as an essential contributor for successful grammar learning and potentially also language acquisition. Moreover, given that a low-level and subsymbolic mechanism accounted for aspects of high-level human grammar learning, this cognitive skill might potentially be grounded on a subsymbolic basis. Finally, by including core brain components and processing principles into the model (i.e. a generic recurrent neural network, distributed encoding and unsupervised learning), a potential minimal set of neurobiological requirements for non-adjacent grammar learning was identified. Taken together, this thesis provided a connecting link between the fields of psycho- and neurolinguistics and neuroinformatics that was identified by a salient commonality in both, namely the central role of associative, statistical learning. The model especially described how a naive learner might acquire first knowledge about the statistics of the surrounding environment by passive exposure. However, other cognitive mechanisms that potentially build up on the formed low-level knowledge representations might go beyond mere associative, statistical learning. This thesis therefore provided a potential starting point for future research with a focus on understanding in more detail the potential interplay of different cognitive strategies: starting from low-level and subsymbolic learning towards reaching high-level and symbolic cognition
Interdependencies between organisational culture, environmental sustainability and digitalisation in SME
No full textUm den Herausforderungen der Klimakrise und dem technologischen Fortschritt angemessen zu begegnen, hat die Europäische Union Maßnahmen zur Förderung einer ökologisch nachhaltigen, digitalen und resilienten Wirtschaft ergriffen. Insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) weisen häufig eine reaktive Haltung gegenüber der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung auf. Weiterhin bildet die Unternehmenskultur in diesem Kontext eher eine Randerscheinung. Insgesamt sind die entsprechende Forschung und das Management durch eine fehlende integrative Sichtweise und starke Fragmentierung gekennzeichnet. Die vorliegende Dissertation verwendet, integriert und erweitert zentrale Theorien der Wirtschaftsinformatik und der BWL mittels Review, Grounded Theory und Fallstudien-Untersuchungen von drei postulierten bi-direktionalen Hauptpfaden (Interdependenzen) zwischen den Konstrukten ökologische Nachhaltigkeit, Digitalisierung und Unternehmenskultur in KMU. Als Ergebnis bildet die Erweiterung des Belief-Action-Outcome Modells ein erstes holistisches Rahmenwerk. Die Erkenntnisse zu nachhaltig digitalen Unternehmertypen unterstützen die Etablierung der integrativen Sichtweise der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung (Pfad 1). Die Unternehmenskultur wird anhand von acht Dimensionen beschrieben und ihre Rolle als Erfolgsfaktor organisationaler Resilienz sowie Treiber und Barriere für Emissionsreduktionen (Pfad 2) exemplarisch belegt. Weiterhin liefert die Dissertation Erkenntnisse zur Rolle der Unternehmenskultur für den Einsatz nachhaltiger Künstlicher Intelligenz und digitaler Plattformen sowie empirische Belege zum Einsatz von Apps zur Förderung nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Unternehmenskultur (Pfad 3). Somit werden Forschende und Praktiker für die zahlreichen Chancen und Herausforderungen sensibilisiert und dabei unterstützt, Synergieeffekte weitergehend zu erforschen bzw. über organisationale Transformationen auszuschöpfen
Report about the 2nd Workshop on “African Forced Migration Studies in Germany” focusing on Peace and Forced Migration
Get PDFThe second workshop of the series “African Forced Migration Studies in Germany” placed the focus on peace and forced migration. Whereas Forced Migration Studies has, in general, intensively addressed the relationship between conflict and displacement, peace constitutes a neglected area in research. This workshop sought to contribute to filling this gap by exploring meanings of peace in African Forced Migration Studies. The following report summarizes key discussion points and outcomes
Orthogonal substrate functionalization using additive contact lithography
No full textThis work focuses on the orthogonal substrate functionalization by using parallel, additive contact lithography. Orthogonal functionalization of substrates patterned by capillary stamping may yield functional hybrid layers, in which the properties of the stamped pattern and the second component can be coupled. The coupling of functional films can lead to both additive and synergistic effects, allowing the properties of the hybrid film to be targeted for specific applications. Three different examples were investigated for this purpose. Lithiumniobate (LiNbO3), nickel ferrite (Ni2Fe4O4), and poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PFcMA) were each stamped and orthogonally functionalized with various components. While the stamping of LiNbO3 on previously developed stamping techniques, the other two examples involve new developed stamping techniques such as solvothermal stamping and stamping from polymer melts. Microstructured LiNbO3 holey films were generated by direct stamping with a polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) stamp an aqueous solution of lithium acetate (C2H3LiO2) and niobium oxalate hydrate (C10H5NbO2 • 6 (H2O)). Calcination of the stamped precursor film on ITO resulted in pure LiNbO3 without any impurities. Orthogonal modification of the LiNbO3-film with gold nanoparticles via electrodeposition at the positions of the macropores increased the intensity of the second harmonic output by a factor of 5.4. Capillary imprinting with DNHG-derived aerogel stamps combined with a solvothermal synthesis based on ethanol solutions of iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(C5H7O2)3) and nickel(II) acetylacetonate (C10H14NiO4) yielded submicron arrays of nickel ferrite dots on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Then, the ITO substrates functionalized with ordered monolayers of submicron nickel ferrite dots were further orthogonally functionalized with metallic nickel by electrodeposition. The submicron nickel ferrite dots reduced the remanence of the ferromagnetic nickel film by half, while the saturation value of the magnetic moment per area remained largely constant. Furthermore, hybrid stamps made of Ni/MnO2 were generated for capillary microstamping of the stimuli-responsive ferrocene-containing polymer (PFcMA) blended with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the melt. Electrochemical WCA switching reversibly transformed the PFcMA-CNT hybrid microdots from a high-WCA state, in which the PFcMA is reduced, to a low-WCA state, in which the PFcMA is oxidized (the ferrocene units are positively charged), and vice versa. Orthogonal substrate functionalization of the areas around the PFcMA-CNT hybrid microdots shifted the WCA switching range by nearly 50°
Shame and anger differentially predict disidentification between collectivistic and individualistic societies
No full textIn the present research we tested the differential effects of anger versus shame as emotional predictors of ingroup disidentification in one rather collectivistic (Japan) and two rather individualistic societies (Germany, Canada). We tested the idea that individuals cope with socially undesired emotions by disidentifying from their group. Specifically, we predicted that after a group conflict, anger, an undesired emotion in Japan, would elicit disidentification in Japan, whereas shame, an undesired emotion in Canada and Germany, would elicit disidentification in Germany and Canada. Study 1 (N = 378) found that anger, but not shame, was related to disidentification in Japan, whereas shame, but not anger, was related to disidentification in Canada and Germany. Study 2 (N = 171) shows that, after group conflict, Japanese disidentified more when imagining to feel angry, whereas Germans disidentified more when imagining to feel ashamed. Implications for these findings are discussed
Introducing a New Mobile Electroencephalography System and Evaluating Its Quality in Comparison to Clinical Electroencephalography
No full textElectroencephalography (EEG) is a crucial tool in cognitive neuroscience, enabling the study of neurophysiological function by measuring the brain’s electrical activity. Its applications include perception, learning, memory, language, decision making and neural network mapping. Recently, interest has surged in extending EEG measurements to domestic environments. However, the high costs associated with traditional laboratory EEG systems have hindered accessibility for many individuals and researchers in education, research, and medicine. To tackle this, a mobile-EEG device named “DreamMachine” was developed. A more affordable alternative to both lab-based EEG systems and existing mobile-EEG devices. This system boasts 24 channels, 24-bit resolution, up to 6 h of battery life, portability, and a low price. Our open-source and open-hardware approach empowers cognitive neuroscience, especially in education, learning, and research, opening doors to more accessibility. This paper introduces the DreamMachine’s design and compares it with the lab-based EEG system “asalabTM” in an eyes-open and eyes-closed experiment. The Alpha band exhibited higher power in the power spectrum during eyes-closed conditions, whereas the eyes-open condition showed increased power specifically within the Delta frequency range. Our analysis confirms that the DreamMachine accurately records brain activity, meeting the necessary standards when compared to the asalabTM system