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Spatiotemporal variation of land surface temperature and its driving factors in Xinjiang, China
No full textLand surface temperature (LST) directly affects the energy balance of terrestrial surface systems and impacts regional resources, ecosystem evolution, and ecosystem structures. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located at the arid Northwest China and is extremely sensitive to climate change. There is an urgent need to understand the distribution patterns of LST in this area and quantitatively measure the nature and intensity of the impacts of the major driving factors from a spatial perspective, as well as elucidate the formation mechanisms. In this study, we used the MOD11C3 LST product developed on the basis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to conduct regression analysis and determine the spatiotemporal variation and differentiation pattern of LST in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020. We analyzed the driving mechanisms of spatial heterogeneity of LST in Xinjiang and the six geomorphic zones (the Altay Mountains, Junggar Basin, Tianshan Mountains, Tarim Basin, Turpan-Hami (Tuha) Basin, and Pakakuna Mountain Group) using geographical detector (Geodetector) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The warming rate of LST in Xinjiang during the study period was 0.24 degrees C/10a, and the spatial distribution pattern of LST had obvious topographic imprints, with 87.20% of the warming zone located in the Gobi desert and areas with frequent human activities, and the cooling zone mainly located in the mountainous areas. The seasonal LST in Xinjiang was at a cooling rate of 0.09 degrees C/10a in autumn, and showed a warming trend in other seasons. Digital elevation model (DEM), latitude, wind speed, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and sunshine duration in the single-factor and interactive detections were the key factors driving the LST changes. The direction and intensity of each major driving factor on the spatial variations of LST in the study area were heterogeneous. The negative feedback effect of DEM on the spatial differentiation of LST was the strongest. Lower latitudes, lower vegetation coverage, lower levels of precipitation, and longer sunshine duration increased LST. Unused land was the main heat source landscape, water body was the most important heat sink landscape, grassland and forest land were the land use and land cover (LULC) types with the most prominent heat sink effect, and there were significant differences in different geomorphic zones due to the influences of their vegetation types, climatic conditions, soil types, and human activities. The findings will help to facilitate sustainable climate change management, analyze local climate and environmental patterns, and improve land management strategies in Xinjiang and other arid areas
Potential roles of lipases and antioxidases on longevity under nutrient restriction in two Argopecten scallops with distinct lifespans
No full textNutrient restriction (NR) extends lifespan in many species. High latitudes are characterized by cold-water temperature and food limitations, where bivalves may mimic NR like vertebrates, which could result in a prolonged life expectancy. The long-lived Peruvian scallop (7-10 years) distributes naturally at relatively higher latitudes than the annual bay scallop. However, the relationship and the mechanism underlying the food availability and lifespan are unclear in bivalves. In this study, the genetic response to NR was first investigated in bivalves with distinct lifespans. Peruvian scallops persistently responded to NR mainly via metabolic pathways, but that began to play roles in bay scallops after 56 days. Significant down-regulated expression of long-chain saturated fatty acid synthetase in both two scallops and increased expression of SCD5 and LIPN2 in Peruvian scallops might contribute to MUFA accumulation under NR. SOD1 was more highly expressed in Peruvian scallops than in bay scallops under NR, and strong autophagy was detected only in Peruvian scallops. Peruvian scallops presented much lower MDA levels and higher SOD1 activities than bay scallops. These findings help us understanding the role of lipases and antioxidases in longevity of bivalves, and provide potential biomarkers for breeding long-lived larger scallops
Bifunctional sludge-derived redox carbon dots with photoelectron storage and delivery properties for ammonia production by photosensitized Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
No full textCombining the light-harvesting capabilities of photosensitizers with microbial catalysis shows great potential in solar-driven biomanufacturing. However, little information is available about the effects of photosensitizers on the photoelectron transport during the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process. Herein, redox carbon dots (CDs-500) were prepared from sludge via the pyrolysis-Fenton reaction and then used to construct a photosynthetic system with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The MR-1/CDs-500 photosynthetic system showed a 5.9-fold increase in ammonia production (4.9 mmol(NH3)g(-1)(protein)h(-1)) with a high selectivity of 94.0 %. The photoelectrons were found to be stored in CDs-500 and transferred into the cells. During the inward electron transport, the intracellular CDs-500 could be used as the direct photoelectron transfer stations between outer membrane cytochrome c and DNRA-related enzymes without the involvement of CymA and MtrA. This work provides a new method for converting waste into functional catalysts and increases solar-driven NH3 production to a greater extent
Bifunctional sludge-derived redox carbon dots with photoelectron storage and delivery properties for ammonia production by photosensitized Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
No full textCombining the light-harvesting capabilities of photosensitizers with microbial catalysis shows great potential in solar-driven biomanufacturing. However, little information is available about the effects of photosensitizers on the photoelectron transport during the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process. Herein, redox carbon dots (CDs-500) were prepared from sludge via the pyrolysis-Fenton reaction and then used to construct a photosynthetic system with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The MR-1/CDs-500 photosynthetic system showed a 5.9-fold increase in ammonia production (4.9 mmol(NH3)g(-1)(protein)h(-1)) with a high selectivity of 94.0 %. The photoelectrons were found to be stored in CDs-500 and transferred into the cells. During the inward electron transport, the intracellular CDs-500 could be used as the direct photoelectron transfer stations between outer membrane cytochrome c and DNRA-related enzymes without the involvement of CymA and MtrA. This work provides a new method for converting waste into functional catalysts and increases solar-driven NH3 production to a greater extent
Development of fluorescent probes with specific recognition moiety for hydrogen polysulfide
No full textHydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n > 1) is an important component of reactive sulfur species (RSS), which is an important substance for maintaining the redox balance in cells. However, limited recognition moieties are available for hydrogen polysulfide probe design. In this study, we have constructed a small library containing several organic molecules to explore a new specific recognition moiety for H2Sn fluorescent probe design. To validate the discovery, two fluorescent probes, 7 and BCC, were further developed based on coumarin and its derivative. The probes exhibited desirable specificity for H2Sn monitoring, which can be used for detecting H2Sn in solution and cells. The new specific recognition moiety for H2Sn fluorescent probe design discovered in this work has certain guiding significance for development of H2Sn probes exploring biological roles in the future
镉对菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）的毒性效应及种间异同比较研究
No full text镉（Cd）是全球海域的典型重金属污染物，对海洋生物健康构成潜在威胁。本研究通过系统评估全球海域Cd污染的空间异质性及其风险，揭示了不同区域的Cd污染分布特征，强调应关注低浓度Cd暴露和物种差异的影响。以菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）全软组织为研究对象，在环境相关Cd浓度下进行实验室暴露，利用离子组学、代谢组学和转录组学的多组学技术，探讨离子稳态变化、代谢物响应及基因表达调节之间的关系，揭示了Cd胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔的毒性效应。联合分析结果表明，硒（Se）参与菲律宾蛤仔体内Cd解毒过程。因此，进一步采用离子组学、qRT-PCR及组织病理学等方法，阐明了Cd和Se（3和30 μg/L）对菲律宾蛤仔鳃和消化腺的复合毒性。鉴于不同物种在应对Cd胁迫时具有物种差异，本研究进行了基于同源基因的种间异同比较，探索不同物种对Cd的适应性策略，为海洋环境中Cd及其复合污染的风险评估提供科学依据。研究结果如下：
1. Cd在全球海水环境的污染特征及风险评估
本研究基于已发表文献构建的环境浓度数据集（采样时间：2010-2023年），系统地评估了全球海域Cd污染的分布特征及其风险。结果显示，Cd在全球海域的分布具有明显的空间异质性，5.80%记录的海水Cd浓度超过WHO建议的最大可接受浓度（3 μg/L）。污染热点区域主要分布在印度、巴基斯坦和印度尼西亚沿岸海域，这些区域由于人类活动干扰，Cd污染形势最为严峻，严重威胁当地海洋生态系统。此外，本研究构建了Cd对海洋生物的毒物兴奋效应框架，定量了Cd的最低诱导刺激响应浓度为1.01 μg/L，最大刺激响应为对照水平的169.49%，表明即使Cd浓度低于预测无效应浓度（8.74 μg/L），也能诱导显著的生物效应。研究表明，全球5.54%Cd浓度位于毒物兴奋效应作用区间。SHAP分析结果显示，物种是影响毒物兴奋效应权重的最主要变量。Meta分析进一步显示，紫贻贝、褐牙鲆、菲律宾蛤仔等物种在毒物兴奋效应中表现出较高的敏感性。因此，毒理学研究和生态风险评估应关注低浓度Cd暴露的生物学效应，并探讨不同物种间的适应性策略和敏感性差异，为制定科学的环境保护策略提供理论依据。
2. 基于多组学的Cd对菲律宾蛤仔的毒性效应研究
根据环境相关浓度设定Cd暴露浓度（5和50 µg/L），暴露菲律宾蛤仔21 d。利用离子组学、代谢组学和转录组学方法，研究了Cd对菲律宾蛤仔的毒性效应。结果显示，Cd与锌（Zn）、锶（Sr）、Se和钼（Mo）之间存在显著的负相关关系。50 μg/L Cd暴露组的蛤仔中，铜（Cu）、Zn、Sr、Se和Mo的浓度显著降低。结合转录组学分析发现ATP结合盒转运蛋白B1（ABCB1）和金属硫蛋白（MT）等与转运和解毒相关的基因参与必需元素稳态的调控。环境相关浓度（5或50 μg/L）Cd暴露会显著改变蛤仔体内多巴胺-β-羟化酶（DBH）、神经连接蛋白（NLGN）、硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖1（CSPG1）和缺口受体1（Notch 1）等与突触传递相关的基因表达，诱导神经毒性。基因集富集分析结果显示，50 μg/L的Cd能干扰肽酶的蛋白质水解作用，并降低翻译效率。代谢组学分析发现，Cd抑制了蛤仔的脂质代谢，蛤仔上调糖酵解和三羧酸循环以满足增加的能量需求。此外，蛤仔通过调节游离氨基酸，包括丙氨酸和谷氨酸，及渗透调节物牛磺酸和龙虾肌碱等的含量，以应对Cd胁迫导致的渗透压调节紊乱。KEGG富集分析发现，5 µg/L Cd暴露干扰硒半胱氨酸代谢和硒氨基酸代谢两种与Se代谢相关的途径，表明菲律宾蛤仔可能通过调节元素Se参与的代谢过程以适应Cd胁迫环境。
3. Cd、Se及其复合暴露对菲律宾蛤仔鳃和消化腺的毒性效应研究
根据环境相关浓度设立Cd单独暴露组（5和50 μg/L Cd）、Se单独暴露组（3和30 μg/L Se）和复合暴露组（5 μg/L Cd + 3 μg/L Se、5 μg/L Cd + 30 μg/L Se、50 μg/L Cd + 3 μg/L Se和50 μg/L Cd + 30 μg/L Se），暴露菲律宾蛤仔21 d。利用离子组学、qRT-PCR和组织病理切片探究Cd和Se对菲律宾蛤仔靶器官（鳃和消化腺）的毒性效应。结果表明，低浓度Se（3 μg/L）即可导致蛤仔消化腺中Se的显著富集。Cd和Se的暴露以组织特异性方式影响蛤仔鳃和消化腺中渗透压调节、能量代谢和突触传递功能。鳃中与Cd和Se存在交互作用的元素，以与渗透压调节相关的钠（Na）、镁（Mg）和钾（K）为主；消化腺中，则以与解毒相关的镍（Ni）、Cu和Zn为主。50 μg/L Cd暴露组的蛤仔通过上调蛋氨酸-γ-裂合酶（CTH）和MT的表达以促进消化腺中Cd的解毒。3 μg/L Se暴露组的蛤仔消化腺中过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）上调表达以缓解氧化应激，并下调硒磷酸合成酶（SEPHS）的表达以降低无机Se的转化。Ca转运基因在蛤仔消化腺和鳃的组织特异性表达，导致Cd在两个组织中差异性累积。Cd和Se的复合暴露毒性效应与它们的摩尔比密切相关，50 μg/L Cd + 3 μg/L Se（摩尔比为11.71）复合暴露组的菲律宾蛤仔组织病理损伤程度、氧化应激水平和解毒需求均显著高于Cd或Se单独暴露组，甚至高于50 μg/L Cd + 30 μg/L Se暴露组，说明高浓度Cd与低浓度Se共存能加剧毒性效应，应警惕自然环境中这种复合污染现象引起的潜在生态风险。
4. Cd暴露下物种间毒性效应的比较分析
本部分研究通过对天津厚蟹（Helice tientsinensis）、星状海葵（Nematostella vectensis）、鹿角杯形珊瑚（Pocillopora damicornis）、菲律宾蛤仔和斑马鱼（Danio rerio）5个物种在Cd暴露下的同源基因进行比较转录组分析，揭示了不同物种对Cd的特异性和保守性响应模式。这些物种的共同适应性策略主要体现为调控细胞修复。天津厚蟹通过上调AMPK和Notch信号通路中的基因表达，促进能量代谢和细胞分化以应对Cd的毒性。星状海葵通过上调Ras信号通路、溶酶体和轴突再生等通路中基因表达，增强细胞修复和清除功能。鹿角杯形珊瑚通过激活Toll和Imd信号通路中基因的表达，增强免疫响应水平。菲律宾蛤仔通过重构渗透压稳态、增强抗氧化能力和DNA修复功能，抵抗Cd暴露引起的渗透压紊乱、氧化应激和DNA损伤。斑马鱼则不仅刺激Toll信号通路中基因的表达增强免疫响应，还上调突触囊泡循环和钙信号通路中的基因表达，提高信号转导效率。其中，鹿角杯形珊瑚对Cd暴露的敏感性最强。保守性分析结果发现底物受体和清道夫受体通过介导内吞与ABC转运蛋白的协同作用，以及乙酰化修饰，共同构成了天津厚蟹、星状海葵、鹿角杯形珊瑚、菲律宾蛤仔和斑马鱼应对Cd胁迫的重要保守性适应策略。这些发现为理解不同物种在Cd暴露下的适应性调控提供了新的视角，并揭示了不同物种的保守性响应模式，为Cd污染的生态风险评估和生物监测提供了重要依据
Development of a high-spatial-resolution annual emission inventory of greenhouse gases from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020
No full textOpen straw burning has been widely recognized as a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), posing critical risks to atmospheric integrity and potentially exacerbating global warming. In this study, we proposed a novel method that integrates crop cycle information into extraction and classification of fire spots from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020. By synergizing the extracted fire spots with the modified fire radiative power (FRP) algorithm, we developed high-spatial-resolution emission inventories of GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Results showed that the northern Sanjiang Plain, eastern Songnen Plain, and eastern Liao River plain were areas with high intensity of open straw burning. The number of fire spots was evaluated during 2013-2017, accounting for 58.2 % of the total fire spots observed during 2001-2020. The prevalent season for open straw burning shifted from autumn (pre-2016) to spring (post-2016), accompanied by a more dispersed pattern in burning dates. The 2-decade cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O were quantified at 198 Tg, 557 Gg, and 15.7 Gg, respectively, amounting to 218 Tg of CO2-eq (equivalent). Significant correlations were identified between GHG emissions and both straw yield and straw utilization ( p < 0.01 ). The enforcement of straw-burning bans since 2018 has played a pivotal role in curbing open straw burning and has reduced fire spots by 51.7 % on an annual basis compared to 2013-2017. The novel method proposed in this study considerably enhanced the accuracy in characterizing spatiotemporal distributions of fire spots from open straw burning and quantifying associated pollutant emissions
Development of a high-spatial-resolution annual emission inventory of greenhouse gases from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020
No full textOpen straw burning has been widely recognized as a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), posing critical risks to atmospheric integrity and potentially exacerbating global warming. In this study, we proposed a novel method that integrates crop cycle information into extraction and classification of fire spots from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020. By synergizing the extracted fire spots with the modified fire radiative power (FRP) algorithm, we developed high-spatial-resolution emission inventories of GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Results showed that the northern Sanjiang Plain, eastern Songnen Plain, and eastern Liao River plain were areas with high intensity of open straw burning. The number of fire spots was evaluated during 2013-2017, accounting for 58.2 % of the total fire spots observed during 2001-2020. The prevalent season for open straw burning shifted from autumn (pre-2016) to spring (post-2016), accompanied by a more dispersed pattern in burning dates. The 2-decade cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O were quantified at 198 Tg, 557 Gg, and 15.7 Gg, respectively, amounting to 218 Tg of CO2-eq (equivalent). Significant correlations were identified between GHG emissions and both straw yield and straw utilization ( p < 0.01 ). The enforcement of straw-burning bans since 2018 has played a pivotal role in curbing open straw burning and has reduced fire spots by 51.7 % on an annual basis compared to 2013-2017. The novel method proposed in this study considerably enhanced the accuracy in characterizing spatiotemporal distributions of fire spots from open straw burning and quantifying associated pollutant emissions
Base-driven dehydrohalogenation coupled with catalytic hydrodehalogenation as a novel strategy for rapid dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds containing aliphatic C-X bonds
No full textThe type of C-X bonds had a considerable effect on catalytic dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs). DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) contain aliphatic C-Cl bonds, aromatic C-Cl bonds, and vinylic C-Cl bonds in their molecules, and thus catalytic dehalogenation of DDT, DDD, and DDE over Pd/C was investigated in this study. It was found that the halogen atom removal rates of DDT and DDD over Pd/C were significantly lower than that of DDE. Moreover, the hydrodehalogenation (HDH) of aromatic C-Cl bonds and vinylic C-Cl bonds were found to be more favorable compared with that of aliphatic C-Cl bonds. The mechanism of this phenomenon was studied with the aid of the hybrid B3LYP/6-311 + +G* * method. Theoretical calculations indicated that the Egap between LUMO and HOMO was the major cause for the sluggish HDH of DDT and DDD over Pd/C. Furthermore, alkali metal hydroxides with stronger basicity had more advantageous in converting aliphatic C-Cl bonds in DDT into vinylic C-Cl bonds in DDE via the dehydrohalogenation (DHX) reaction in n-butanol. Based on these studies, base-driven DHX coupled with Pd/C-catalyzed HDH was developed for the rapid dehalogenation of DDT and DDD. Firstly, DDT and DDD in n-butanol were converted into DDE and DDMU via the NaOH-driven DHX reaction within 20 min and 40 min. Subsequently, DDE and DDMU in n-butanol-water (1:1, V/V) were completely hydrodehalogenated into DPE catalyzed by Pd/C (25 mg) within 30 min and 25 min. This provided vital guidance for efficient dehalogenation of HOCs containing aliphatic C-X bonds
A method for breeding fast-growing strains of unicinctus unicinctus based on intestinal flora
No full text本发明提供一种基于肠道菌群的单环刺螠速生品系选育方法，属水产新品种创制领域。通过对比同批次生长速率差异个体中肠道菌群的异同，筛选出与速生相关的特殊菌群。以此作为指标选育速生群体。本发明的选育方法与常规迭代选育相比，选育速度大幅加快，可实现无创筛选，为单环刺螠新品系的选育和新品种开发提供了新途径