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Chemical Warfare in the Environment-Secondary Metabolites From Starfish (<i>Asterias amurensis</i>) Induce Teratogenicity in Medaka Embryos (<i>Oryzias melastigma</i>)
No full textStarfish saponins, known for their role as feeding deterrents against predators like crabs and fish, have been extensively studied for their antifeedant and cytolytic effects. Recent research suggests that starfish secondary metabolites possess antifouling and antifeedant properties and play a role in biological interactions and various ecological functions. Previous research demonstrated that saponins from starfish exert their toxic effects on fish by interacting with cholesterol in the blood cell membrane. This study investigated the hypothesis that secondary metabolites, other than saponins, from the starfish Asterias amurensis may be harmful to fish eggs, particularly marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) eggs, which share starfish habitat. We systematically separated the secondary metabolites of A. amurensis by a variety of chromatographic methods. Two oligoglycosides related to embryonic teratogenicity were identified, including one previously undescribed tetrasaccharide (1) and one known pyrrole oligoglycoside (2). Their structures were established mainly on the basis of detailed analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong lethality and significantly reduced voluntary movements in medaka embryos, with compound 2 showing more pronounced effects on teratogenicity and heart rates. The main morphological abnormalities observed included delayed head development (DHD), tiny spines (TS), incomplete absorption of oil balls (OB), cardiac abnormalities (CA), and shrunken yolk sacs (SYS). Our findings imply that starfish secondary metabolites may have broader ecological effects, influencing habitat-sharing species in subtle but crucial ways
Effect of ocean dynamic processes on the temporal-spatial pattern of persistent organic pollutants (PCB-153 and BDE-47) in the shelf seas
No full textField observations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in shelf seas presented abnormal phenomena such as high-concentration patches in offshore areas and different vertical profiles of POPs at the same location. We assumed that these phenomena were associated with the presence of bottom cold water mass (BCWM) in shelf seas and used a hydrodynamic-ecosystem-POP coupled model to confirm this hypothesis. Based on model results, with the formation of BCWM during summer, POPs accumulated inside BCWM due to their transport across the thermocline by the sorption to sinking particles. With the intensification of vertical mixing during winter, the release of POPs from BCWM induced high-concentration patches of POPs on the surface layer. Meanwhile, the low water temperature in winter was favorable for the gas deposition of POPs, which led to high surface concentrations of POPs. Because the accumulation of POPs in BCWM depended on the sorption of dissolved POPs by particles, not all types of POPs accumulated in BCWM. Some POPs even accumulated at the sea surface above the BCWM due to large gaseous deposition and weak sorption by particles. Using this feature, we proposed a prediction function for the accumulation of POPs in BCWM
Soil sampling device for repairing wetland suaeda salsa planting substrate
No full text本发明专利涉及土壤修复检测采样的技术领域，具体为湿地碱蓬种植底质修复用土壤采样装置，包括行走机构、取样机构和探测机构；行走机构包括基座和安装在基座左右两侧的多个支腿结构，每个支腿结构外侧面均设有一取样机构；取样机构包括动力单元、取样筒和收纳筒，取样筒为轴向贯通的套筒结构，动力单元一端安装于取样筒内，动力单元包括伸出和回缩两个状态，动力单元在伸出状态向回缩状态切换这个过程中，动力单元的底部将其正下方的土壤吸入取样筒内；本发明使用时只需要每次画一个点位，就能对其附近的多个固定距离延伸点位进行同时采样，提升了采样效率，并且由于施工人员在湿地上面行走较为困难，本采样装置能够自行在湿地上表面行走
A heteropore covalent organic framework for highly selective enrichment of aryl-organophosphate esters in environmental water coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS determination
No full textThe identification of an increasing number of aryl organophosphate esters (aryl-OPEs) in environmental samples has led to growing attention recently. Due to the potential adverse effects on human health and environment, development of new analytical methods for sensitive and selective determination of aryl-OPEs in complex matrices is urgently needed. Here, a novel analytical method for the identification and determination of trace amounts of aryl-OPEs in water samples is developed by using melamine sponge@heteropore covalent organic framework (MS@HCOF) based on vortex-assisted extraction (VAE) prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The MS@HCOF was rationally designed and synthesized through an in-situ growth strategy and exhibited superior selectivity toward aryl-OPEs compared with that of MS@singlepore COF (MS@SCOF) due to steric effect. A systematic optimization was conducted on important parameters of VAE, resulting in the successful extraction of nine aryl-OPEs in just 6 min. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/ N = 10) were within the ranges of 0.001-0.027 and 0.005-0.091 ng/L for nine aryl-OPEs, respectively. The validated method was proven applicable to real water samples, i.e., the recoveries were 65.3-119.5 % for seawater, 59.4-112.9 % for effluent, and 76.0-117.4 % for tap water. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms were explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT results revealed that a notable selective enrichment capacity of MS@HCOF towards aryl-OPEs stems from 7C-7C conjugation and hydrogen bonding. The established method benefits from the advantages of high selectivity and sensitivity for the ultra-trace determi-nation of aryl-OPEs
Molecular Imprinting-Based SERS Detection Strategy for the Large-Size Protein Quantitation and Curbing Non-Specific Recognition
No full textMolecular imprinting-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (MI-SERS) sensors have shown remarkable potential from an academic standpoint. However, their practical applications, especially in the detection of large-size protein (>= 10 nm), face challenges due to the lack of versatile sensing strategies and nonspecific fouling of matrix species. Herein, we propose a Raman reporter inspector mechanism (RRIM) implemented on a protein-imprinted polydopamine (PDA) layer coated on the SERS active substrate. In the RRIM, after large-size protein recognition, the permeability of the PDA imprinted cavities undergoes changes that are scrutinized by Raman reporter molecules. Target proteins can specifically bind and fully occupy the imprinted cavities, whereas matrix species cannot. Then, Raman reporter molecules with suitable size are introduced to serve as both inspectors of the recognition status and inducers of the SERS signal, which can only penetrate through the vacant and nonspecifically filled cavities. Consequently, changes in the SERS signal exclusively originate from the specific binding of target proteins, while the nonspecific recognition of matrix species is curbed. The RRIM enables reproducible quantitation of the large-size cyanobacteria-specific protein model (>= 10 nm), phycocyanin, at the level down to 2.6 x 10-3 mu g L-1. Finally, the practical applicability of the RRIM is confirmed by accurately analyzing crude urban waterway samples over 21 min without any pretreatment
Molecularly imprinted metal-organic frameworks assisted cloth and paper hybrid microfluidic devices for visual detection of gonyautoxin
No full textMarine algal toxin contamination is a major threat to human health. Thus, it is crucial to develop rapid and onsite techniques for detecting algal toxins. In this work, we developed colorimetric cloth and paper hybrid microfluidic devices (mu CPADs) for rapid detection of gonyautoxin (GTX1/4) combined with molecularly imprinted polymers. In addition, the metal -organic frameworks (MOFs) composites were applied for this approach by their unique features. Guanosine serves as a dummy template for surface imprinting and has certain structural advantages in recognizing gonyautoxin. MOF@MIPs composites were able to perform a catalytic color reaction using hydrogen peroxide-tetramethylbenzidine for the detection of GTX1/4. The cloth -based sensing substrates were assembled on origami mu PADs to form user-friendly, miniaturized colorimetric mu CPADs. Combined with a smartphone, the proposed colorimetric mu CPADs successfully achieved a low limit of detection of 0.65 mu g/L within the range of 1-200 mu g/L for rapid visual detection of GTX1/4. Moreover, the GTX1/4 of real shellfish and seawater samples were satisfactorily detected to indicate the application prospect of the mu CPADs. The proposed method shows good potential in the low-cost, stable establishment of assays for the rapid detection of environmental biotoxins
Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) in global aquatic environments: A review
No full textThe vast majority of processes in the carbon and nitrogen cycles are driven by microorganisms. The nitritedependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (N-DAMO) process links carbon and nitrogen cycles, offering a novel approach for the simultaneous reduction of methane emissions and nitrite pollution. However, there is currently no comprehensive summary of the current status of the N-DAMO process in natural aquatic environments. Therefore, our study aims to fill this knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive review of the global research trends in N-DAMO processes in various aquatic environments (excluding artificial bioreactors). Our review mainly focused on molecular identification, global study sites, and their interactions with other elemental cycling processes. Furthermore, we performed a data integration analysis to unveil the effects of key environmental factors on the abundance of N-DAMO bacteria and the rate of N-DAMO process. By combining the findings from the literature review and data integration analysis, we proposed future research perspectives on N-DAMO processes in global aquatic environments. Our overarching goal is to advance the understanding of the NDAMO process and its role in synergistically reducing carbon emissions and removing nitrogen. By doing so, we aim to make a significant contribution to the timely achievement of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets
Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ<SUP>15</SUP>N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS
No full textSignificant differences in environmental conditions between nearshore and offshore coral reefs lead to different symbiotic zooxanthellae density (ZD) of corals. From the perspective of energy supply, different ZD lead to different energy provided by the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae to the coral host. However, few studies have conducted a comparative analysis of coral trophic status (i.e., autotrophic photosynthesis of zooxanthellae and heterotrophic feeding of the host) between nearshore and offshore reefs. In this study, 70 coral samples of Favia palauensis were collected from the nearshore Sanya reefs, and offshore Xisha, Nansha reefs in the South China Sea (SCS). The ZD, delta N-15 of seawater particulate organic matter (delta N-15(POM)), host tissue (delta N-15(h)), zooxanthellae (delta N-15(z)) and the difference between delta N-15(h) and delta N-15(z) (i.e., triangle Nh-z 15 = delta N-15(h)-delta N-15(z)) were measured and statistically analyzed. The purpose is to elucidate the differences in the energy maintenance mechanisms of corals between nearshore and offshore reefs. Results show that ZD is significantly positively correlated with delta N-15(z) in all three reefs (p < 0.05). Corals in nearshore Sanya have higher autotrophic abilities than corals from offshore Xisha and Nansha reefs. By contrast, corals in offshore reefs are more dependent on heterotrophic feeding of the host to obtain energy. Our research demonstrate that corals can adjust their trophic status, especially improve their heterotrophic feeding intensity to meet energy needs under different environmental conditions. This dynamic adjustment of energy supply patterns is of great significance to improve coral's environmental adaptability.Plain Language Summary Coral reefs are mainly divided into nearshore fringing reefs, barrier reefs and offshore atolls according to geographical distribution. Therein, ambient seawater in nearshore reefs are significantly affected by human activities and has relatively higher nutrient levels. In contrast, corals in offshore atolls are less affected by human activities as they are far away from the mainland, but they will be potentially affected by abnormal natural conditions. Different environmental conditions lead to significant differences in the physiological parameters of corals, such as symbiotic zooxanthellae density (ZD). From the perspective of energy supply, different ZD may lead to different energy provided by the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae to the coral host. However, few studies have conducted a comparative analysis of coral trophic status between nearshore and offshore reefs. Based on the delta N-15 labeling technology, we find that corals in nearshore fringing reefs have higher autotrophic abilities than corals from offshore reefs. By contrast, corals in the offshore reefs are more dependent on heterotrophic feeding of the host to obtain energy. This means that corals can adjust their trophic status to meet energy needs under different environmental conditions. This dynamic adjustment of energy supply patterns is of great significance to improve coral's environmental adaptability
The Sources and Atmospheric Processes of Strong Light-Absorbing Components in Water Soluble Brown Carbon: Insights From a Multi-Proxy Study of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in 10 Chinese Cities
No full textHumic-like substances (HULIS) are significant contributor to the light absorption of water-soluble brown carbon (WSBrC), which contains certain strong light-absorbing chemical components that are not well understood, impeding the assessment of WSBrC's climate impact. China as the hotspot regions with high loading of WSBrC characterized by high light-absorbing capacity, here, we investigated the sources and atmospheric processes (delta C-13-Delta C-14), molecular composition (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry), and light absorption properties (UV spectrophotometry) of HULIS in PM2.5 from 10 Chinese cities. HULIS-C was major contributor to the light absorption coefficient (70.5 +/- 6.6%) of WSBrC at 365 nm, which was more enriched with fossil sources (48.0 +/- 9.0% vs. 30.3 +/- 13.9%) but depleted in C-13 (delta C-13: -25.6 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand vs. -22.4 +/- 1.0 parts per thousand) relative to non-HULIS-C. This suggests that the fossil components in HULIS are more recalcitrant to oxidative aging and exhibit higher light-absorbing capacity, while the non-fossil organic carbon is more likely to be oxidatively bleached into small, colorless, and highly polar molecules (i.e., non-HULIS). Aromatic components are the major strong light-absorbing fossil components in HULIS, dominantly originating from coal combustion (>77%). Non-negative matrix factorization model showed that aromatic molecules from coal combustion have higher molecular weight and lower oxidation levels than biomass burning, potentially making them to be photo-recalcitrant compounds. Our finding that coal combustion-derived BrC maybe more persistent in the atmosphere and has greater long-term impact on climate than BrC derived from biomass burning is an important consideration in climate models and mitigation policies