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Long-Term Fertilization Contributes to Carbon Saturation in Neutral-To-Alkaline Soils but not in Acidic Soils
No full textThe study investigated the adsorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on Chinese soils from four long-term experiments involving five treatments: (1) no fertilization (control), (2-4) inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization (N, NP, and NPK), (5) NPK plus manure (NPKM). The results showed that DOC adsorption followed a modified Langmuir isotherm model effectively (R-2 = 0.912 similar to 0.991). The maximum adsorption capacity (Q(max)) (i.e. saturation deficits) generally increased with increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) due to fertilization in Luvic Phaeozem, Haplic Gypsisols, and Eutric Cambisols. However, it decreased significantly in acidic soils (Haplic Acrisols) from 15.59 g/kg for control, to 13.96, 13.03, 9.30 and 8.02 g/kg for N, NP, NPK and NPKM, respectively. Moreover, long-term fertilization, particularly with organic fertilization (e.g. NPKM), resulted in an increase of carbon (C) saturation by 1.42 g/kg (5.52%) in Luvic Phaeozem, 9.27 g/kg (44.29%) in Haplic Gypsisols, and 3.75 g/kg (27.66%) in Eutric Cambisols; however, there was a slight decrease by 1.70 g/kg (-7.49%) in Haplic Acrisols. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed that clay content and soil available iron (AFe) might be the crucial factors controlling C deficits, and subsequently, C saturation, along with current SOC. In conclusion, long-term fertilization contributed to C saturation in neutral-to-alkaline soils, but not in acidic soils. Thus, further attention should be paid to the long-term effects of fertilization on C saturation
Sulfides in waters could be converted to pyrites through mineralization with Fe/MgO/Ni(II) promotion
No full textCurrent sulfide removal techniques are generally associated with secondary pollution. In this work, Fe/MgO/Ni (II) system was constructed to remove sulfide from waters thoroughly by transforming it into stable pyrite (FeS2). The transformation could be finished quickly through the promotion of Ni2+ at all pH conditions, and the optimal Ni/Fe molar ratio was 1.0. The FeS2 could be formed in 360 min and the reaction was finished at 600 min when the initial concentration of sulfide and Ni2+ was 181.95 mg/L and 164.52 mg/L, respectively. The highest content of SO42- was merely 2.06 %, while the content of S2O32- /SO32- increased with reaction (56.99 %-67.21 %) in the whole process. The content of sulfide and Ni2+ in the solution were not detected after reaction. The mineralization process was not affected by sodium salt addition, however, it was greatly affected by calcium salt, where the ascensional range of S2O32-/SO32- and SO42- was 50.03 %-70.06 % and 9.84 %-14.76 %, respectively, and the content of sulfide on Fe/MgO was only 14.66 %. Higher temperature would produce more SO42- and H+. The rapid formation mechanism of FeS2 was mainly through Ni2+ substituting Fe in FeS to form Ni-doped FeS precursors that reacted with polysulfide and then promoted the nucleation of FeS2, in the meantime, the reaction to form S2O32-/SO32-, SO42-, Ni(OH)2 and H+ also were generated in this process. This study provides a new insight for the efficient treatment of sulfide containing wastewater
CsIL-20, a tongue sole interleukin-20, negatively mediates leucocyte activity and antibacterial defense
No full textInterleukin-20 (IL-20), as an essential member of IL-10 family, plays vital roles in mammalian immunological response such as antimicrobial, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and immune diseases. In teleost, the study about immune antimicrobial function of IL-20 is largely scarce. In this article, we revealed the expression profiles and the immunological functions of the IL-20 (CsIL-20) in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. CsIL-20 is composed of 183 amino acid residues, with seven cysteine residues and a typical IL-10 domain which comprises six alpha-helices and two 13-sheets, and shares 34.4-71.2 % identities with other teleost IL-20. CsIL-20 was constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues and regulated by bacterial invasion, and the recombinant CsIL-20 (rCsIL-20) could bind to different bacteria. In vitro rCsIL-20 could interact with the membrane of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), leading to the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and acid phosphatase activity in PBLs. In line with In vitro results, In vivo rCsIL-20 could obviously suppressed the host immune against bacterial infection. Furthermore, knockdown of CsIL-20 in vivo could markedly enhance the host antibacterial immunity. Collectively, these observations offer new insights into the negative effect of CsIL-20 on antibacterial immunity
Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for the Adsorption Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water
No full textThe increasing health risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment highlight the importance of implementing effective removal techniques. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are inadequate for removing persistent organic pollutants. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of removing PFASs from water through adsorption techniques. However, there is still constructive discussion on the potential of MOFs in adsorbing and removing PFASs for large-scale engineering applications. This review systematically investigates the use of MOFs as adsorbents for the removal of PFAS in water treatment. This primarily involved a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to understand the adsorption mechanisms of MOFs and to identify factors that enhance their efficiency in removing PFASs. We also explore the critical aspects of regeneration and stability of MOFs, assessing their reusability and long-term performance, which are essential for large-scale water treatment applications. Finally, our study highlights the challenges of removing PFASs using MOFs. Especially, the efficient removal of short-chain PFASs with hydrophilicity is a major challenge, while medium- to long-chain PFASs are frequently susceptible to being captured from water by MOFs through multiple synergistic effects. The ion-exchange force may be the key to solving this difficulty, but its susceptibility to ion interference in water needs to be addressed in practical applications. We hope that this review can provide valuable insights into the effective removal and adsorption mechanisms of PFASs as well as advance the sustainable utilization of MOFs in the field of water treatment, thereby presenting a novel perspective
Quantum phase synchronization via exciton-vibrational energy dissipation sustains long-lived coherence in photosynthetic antennas
No full textThe lifetime of electronic coherences found in photosynthetic antennas is known to be too short to match the energy transfer time, rendering the coherent energy transfer mechanism inactive. Exciton-vibrational coherence time in excitonic dimers which consist of two chromophores coupled by excitation transfer interaction, can however be much longer. Uncovering the mechanism for sustained coherences in a noisy biological environment is challenging, requiring the use of simpler model systems as proxies. Here, via two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments, we present compelling evidence for longer exciton-vibrational coherence time in the allophycocyanin trimer, containing excitonic dimers, compared to isolated pigments. This is attributed to the quantum phase synchronization of the resonant vibrational collective modes of the dimer, where the anti-symmetric modes, coupled to excitonic states with fast dephasing, are dissipated. The decoupled symmetric counterparts are subject to slower energy dissipation. The resonant modes have a predicted nearly 50% reduction in the vibrational amplitudes, and almost zero amplitude in the corresponding dynamical Stokes shift spectrum compared to the isolated pigments. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms for protecting coherences against the noisy environment.
Photosynthesis in biological systems occurs in a noisy environment that reduces the lifetime of coherences in the excitation energy transfer. Here the author demonstrate that long-lasting coherences are protected by quantum phase synchronization, realized in dimers by exciton-vibrational coupling where energy dissipation occurs predominantly in resonant anti-symmetric collective modes
An exonuclease I-assisted quencher-free 2-aminopurine aptasensor based on a multipath paper-based device for ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin
No full textA quencher-free multipath microfluidic paper-based analytical device (mu PAD) was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin based on exonuclease I (Exo I)-assisted signal enhancement of 2-aminopurine (2-AP). Here, Exo I, a single-stranded DNA-specific nuclease, was introduced to fully liberate 2-AP mononucleotides to greatly enhance biosensing sensitivity. 2-AP, a fluorescent adenine analogue embedded in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), was employed as the detection signal source. The fluorescence of 2-AP is strong in the mononucleotide state, while it can have low fluorescence and even no fluorescence in ssDNA and dsDNA, respectively. The 2-AP fluorescence probe included 2-AP DNA and kanamycin aptamer. When kanamycin was present, binding occurred between kanamycin and the aptamer, leading to ssDNA, which was further digested by Exo I. In this case, free 2AP mononucleotides were liberated, indicating strong fluorescence. In addition, the captured kanamycin was released for binding with the new aptamer, which resulted in the formation of a binding-hydrolysis-release cycle with the aid of Exo I. Under optimal conditions, this mu PAD exhibited sensitive and multipath detection of kanamycin at concentrations as low as 1.26 x 10-14 M with a wide range of 10- 13-10- 7 M. Furthermore, satisfactory results were achieved for analysing spiked kanamycin in milk and honey samples. This strategy is a very promising tool for monitoring antibiotics and evaluating the safety of animal-derived foods
Decadal variation and temporal stability of the macrobenthic community in the Bohai Sea, China
No full textBiodiversity in the Bohai Sea is threatened by climate change and human activities. An analysis based on decadal macrobenthic community data was conducted to assess the ecological health. These findings revealed the temporal and spatial variations in species composition and biodiversity, which were primarily influenced by depth, temperature and dissolved oxygen content. The community structure in 2014 exhibited a 70 % dissimilarity compared to other years, and biodiversity was lower in 2014. The dominant species showed a trend towards miniaturization. Abundance-biomass comparison curves indicated that community disturbance improved by implementing various policies. Overall, communities in the Bohai Sea remained stable, except in the Bohai Strait (BH), where synchronous fluctuations with an increasing trend were observed. Enhancing biodiversity and addressing the risks associated with losing single species are essential for maintaining community stability. The community also displayed synchronous tendencies in Laizhou Bay, emphasizing the need for continued long-term monitoring
High internal phase emulsions stabilized by fluorescent phycocyanin for improved stability and bioaccessibility of β-carotene
No full textBACKGROUNDHigh internal phase emulsions (HIPE) are distinguished from ordinary emulsions by higher oil-phase percentage and better storage stability. Recently, HIPE stabilized with protein-based particles has received more attention. However, organic precipitation, chemical cross-linking and thermal denaturation are often needed to stabilize emulsions with natural proteins, and there is an urgent need to reduce the pollution of organic reagents.RESULTSHIPE loaded with beta-carotene stabilized by phycocyanin was prepared under mild conditions. It demonstrated strong stability in terms of temperature and storage, as evidenced by its 94.17% retention rate and 81.06% bioavailability. This stability was ascribed to the efficient defense against heat and UV rays, which was probably associated with the oil-droplet environment and interfacial protection of phycocyanin. It is speculated that the possible main interaction site between phycocyanin and sorbitol exists near amino acids 110 to 120 of the B chain. The hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction between them make the phycocyanin fully adsorbed on the oil-water interface when sorbitol is stable, forming a strong oil-water structure, which increases the stability of the emulsion.CONCLUSIONThe outstanding fluorescence characteristics provide a feasible alternative for fluorescent emulsions to distribute and trace active compounds in vitro. HIPE loaded with beta-carotene might have potential as a 3D printing material for edible functional foods. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry
The response of soil carbon mineralization losses to changes in rainfall frequency is seasonally dependent in an estuarine saltmarsh
No full textAltered rainfall distribution patterns resulting from climate change have substantial effects on soil carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems particularly in water-limited regions. However, how rainfall redistribution affects soil C mineralization (CO2 and CH4 fluxes) in humid regions such as of the coastal saltmarshes remain unclear. We conducted mesocosm experiments in an estuarine saltmarsh in the Yellow River Delta of China, where we simulated three rainfall frequency scenarios (high-frequency, medium-frequency and low-frequency) with the same total rainfall amount in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes were measured before and after rain frequency treatment during a 40-day period for each season. The decrease in rainfall frequency significantly reduced the mean soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes during the dry season, but had no effect on either flux during the wet season. The seasonal variation in the response of soil C mineralization to rainfall frequency changes could be explained by the changes in antecedent soil water and salinity conditions, soil C substrate, microbial activities and diversity. Thus, the effects of changes in rainfall frequency on soil C mineralization are regulated by season, and should be considered when predicting the future C balance of coastal wetland ecosystems. Furthermore, the shift in precipitation frequency distribution towards increasing heavy rainfall events during the dry season in this region will have a great effect on soil C losses, potentially feeding back into the soil C budget and stability in this estuarine saltmarsh
Multi-scenario Simulation and Spatial-temporal Analysis of LUCC in China's Coastal Zone Based on Coupled SD-FLUS Model
No full textIncreased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources. Thus, conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change (LUCC) is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones. System dynamic (SD)-future land use simulation (FLUS) model, a coupled simulation model, was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone. This model encompasses five scenarios, namely, SSP1-RCP2.6 (A), SSP2-RCP4.5 (B), SSP3-RCP4.5 (C), SSP4-RCP4.5 (D), and SSP5-RCP8.5 (E). The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100. Subsequently, the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term (2035), medium term (2050), and long term (2100). Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000-2020. Among these changes, the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease. By 2100, land use predictions exhibit high accuracy, and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios. In summary, the expansion of production, living, and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent. Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence, benefiting ecological land protection. Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands. Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production, while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage. Lastly, in Scenario E, the conflict between humans and land intensifies. This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development, utilization, and management of coastal areas in China. The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed, long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions