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Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education: Development of an experimental unit to investigate the viscosity of mucus in Cystic Fibrosis by reducing disulfide bonds.
No full textMukoviszidose ist durch hochviskosen, schwer abtransportierbaren Schleim in den Atemwegen gekennzeichnet, dessen Eigenschaften wesentlich durch Disulfidbrücken in Mucinen bestimmt werden. Deren Reduktion kann die Viskosität senken und bietet damit einen authentischen Kontext zur Behandlung zentraler chemischer Inhalte wie Redoxreaktionen, Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen und Stoff-Teilchen-Konzepte im Chemieunterricht. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde eine experimentelle Lehr-Lerneinheit für die Sekundarstufe II entwickelt, die ein Modellexperiment auf Basis eines Chitosan-Liponsäure-Hydrogels nutzt, um die Reduktion von Disulfidbrücken und deren Einfluss auf die Viskosität erfahrbar zu machen: Lernende analysieren die Schleimviskosität im Kontext eines vernetzten biologisch-medizinischen Systems, formulieren Hypothesen, variieren experimentelle Parameter und interpretieren Ergebnisse theoriegeleitet. Eine begleitende empirische Untersuchung erfasst, in welchem Umfang die Schülerinnen und Schüler Scientific-Inquiry-Prozesse sowie Merkmale systemischen Denkens im Rahmen des komplexen Themas Mukoviszidose zeigen. Die Ergebnisse dienen der didaktischen Bewertung der Wirksamkeit systemisch orientierter Lehr-Lern-Formate im Chemieunterricht
Intersectional inequalities in health in Germany: The effects of sex, education, and migration
No full textBackground
Persisting health inequalities for females, those with less education, and those with migration background have been documented in Germany and Europe, but few studies have used intersectional methods to assess the combined effect of these identities on self-rated health (SRH).
Methods
Using baseline data from 191,836 German National Cohort (NAKO) participants, we created three intersectional exposure variables combining binary sex, level of education, and migration variables (any migration, Turkish, and ethnic German resettler backgrounds). We used multinomial logistic regression to produce relative risk (RR) ratios for poor SRH as compared to good SRH while controlling for age, household size, and study site. We assessed additive interaction by computing two- and three-way relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) measures.
Results
Compared to university-educated non-migrant males, the RR of poor SRH increased as the number of disadvantaged identities increased. Among those without university and with any migration background, males had a RR of 2.27 (95% CI 2.11-2.45) and females a RR of 2.59 (95% CI 2.42-2.77). Inequalities were most extreme for females without university who were Turkish (RR 5.86, 95% CI 4.98-6.89) or resettlers (RR 3.44, 95% CI 2.89-4.10). We found several significant superadditive RERI effects. The total RERI for having any migration background, being female, and not being university educated was 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.84), indicating that the interaction of these identities was associated with a 65% increase in risk in addition to the separate risk of each identity. The RERI for Turkish females without university was especially notable, indicating a 369% increase in risk (Total RERI 3.69, 95% CI 2.65-4.72).
Conclusions
We found intersectional inequalities in SRH by sex, education, and migration. The interaction between disadvantaged identities increased the risk of poor SRH beyond the added risk of each individual identity.
Key messages
• We found intersectional inequalities in health by sex, education, and migration. The interaction of these identities increased the risk of poor health beyond the separate risk of each identity.
• Future research should explore how intersectional inequalities may affect the progression towards worse health over time. Policymakers should be aware of nuanced differences between subgroups
Introducing the Perfluorinated Cp* Ligand to Coordination Chemistry
No full textThe perfluorinated Cp* anion [C5(CF3)5]− is the extremely electron deficient counterpart of the well-studied Cp* ligand [C5(CH3)5]−. Although its first synthesis took place as early as 1980, the perfluorinated Cp* remained a synthetic dead end for decades, due to its low reactivity. Here, the preparation and full characterization of its first coordination complex [Rh(COD)(C5(CF3)5)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) is presented. This allowed for extraordinary insights on the bonding situation between a metal and an electron-poor Cp ligand and revealed [C5(CF3)5]− as the weakest bound Cp ligand known.
The weakly bonding character of the perfluorinated Cp* is demonstrated by the quantitative and even reversible substitution by toluene to the cationic [Rh(COD)(PhMe)][C5(CF3)5] complex. Also the metallocenes [M(C5H5)(C5(CF3)5)] (M = Fe, Ru) are studied with respect to an unprecedented substitution lability of the perfluorinated Cp* ligand. Their photolysis in
MeCN not only yields [M(C5H5)(MeCN)3][C5(CF3)5], but also reveals a unique photo/thermoswitchability by the back-reaction to the corresponding ruthenocene.
The low nucleophilicity and high oxidative resistance of [C5(CF3)5]− is further demonstrated by the coexistence with electrophilic and oxidizing cations and its introduction into the group of weakly coordinating carbanions (WCCAs). The prepared salts comprise hydride-accepting
[(C6H5)3C]+, valuable Ag(I) reagents, oxidizing [Fe(C5H5)2]+ or [N(p-C6H4Br)3]+ and Brønsted acidic [H(m,m-NC5H3F2)2]+.
The preparation of the first complete series of coinage metal Cp coordination compounds with [M(C5(CF3)5)(PtBu3)] (M = Cu, Ag, Au) demonstrates the ability of the perfluorinated Cp* to stabilize metal centers by its extreme oxidative resistance. The binding modes between metal and ligand range from η3 to η1 and illustrate the coordinative versatility of [C5(CF3)5]−.
The impact of the perfluorinated Cp* ligand on the redox chemistry of metal complexes is demonstrated by the synthesis of the extremely electron deficient ferrocene [Fe(C5H5)(C5(CF3)5)]. Oxidation potentials of E1/2 = +1.35 V (vs. Fc/Fc+) represent the highest reported values obtained for any ferrocene. The corresponding stable and storable ferrocenium [Fe(C5H5)(C5(CF3)5)][AsF6] is the strongest organometallic oxidant to date and even capable of C-H activation.
Finally, the rhodocenium salt [Rh(C5(CH3)5)(C5(CF3)5)][BF4] is prepared. The surprisingly high reduction potentials E1/2 = −0.90 and −1.46 V (vs. Fc/Fc+) combined with the coordinative flexibility of [C5(CF3)5]− allow for the twofold reduction by decamethylcobaltocene [Co(C5(CH3)5)2]. The reported [Co(C5(CH3)5)2][Rh(C5(CH3)5)(C5(CF3)5)] not only represents the first structurally characterized 4d metallocene anion, but also shows an unprecedented coexistence with a metallocene cation
HHL Algorithm for Tensor-Decomposable Matrices
No full textWe use the HHL algorithm to retrieve a quantum state holding the algebraic normal form (ANF) of a Boolean function. Unlike the standard HHL applications, we do not describe the cipher as an exponentially big system of equations. Rather, we perform a set of small matrix inversions which correspond to the Boolean Möbius transform. This creates a superposition holding information about the ANF in the form |⟩=1∑2−1=0|⟩, where is the coefficient of the ANF and C is a scaling factor. The procedure has a time complexity of ̃ () for a Boolean function with n-bit input. We also propose two approaches by which some information about the ANF can be extracted from such a state. Next, we use a similar approach, the Dual Boolean Möbius transform, to compute the preimage under the algebraic transition matrix. We show that such a matrix is well-suited for the HHL algorithm when the attacker gets oracle access in the Q2 setting to the Boolean function
UPF1 shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm independently of its RNA-binding and ATPase activities
No full textThe ATP-dependent RNA helicase Up-frameshift 1 (UPF1) is an essential protein in mammalian cells and a key factor in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a translation-dependent mRNA surveillance process. UPF1 is mainly cytoplasmic at steady state but accumulates in the nucleus after inhibiting CRM1-mediated nuclear export by leptomycin B (LMB), indicating that UPF1 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Consistent with its dual localization, there is evidence for nuclear functions of UPF1, for instance, in DNA replication, DNA damage response, and telomere maintenance. However, whether any of UPF1's biochemical activities are required for its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling remains unclear. To investigate this, we examined two UPF1 mutants: the well-described ATPase-deficient UPF1-DE (D636A/E637A) and a newly generated RNA-binding mutant UPF1-NKR (N524A/K547A/R843A). Biochemical assays confirmed that the UPF1-NKR mutant cannot bind RNA or hydrolyze ATP in vitro but retains interaction with UPF2, UPF3B, and SMG6. Overexpression of UPF1-NKR exerted a dominant-negative effect on endogenous UPF1 and inhibited NMD. Subcellular localization studies revealed that UPF1-DE accumulates in cytoplasmic granules (P-bodies), even in the presence of LMB, whereas UPF1-NKR shuttles normally. This indicates that UPF1's shuttling does not require its RNA-binding or ATPase activities. Notably, the UPF1-DE.NKR double mutant restored nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and prevented accumulation in P-bodies, suggesting that the shuttling defect of UPF1-DE arises from its tight binding to RNA. Overall, our findings demonstrate that UPF1's shuttling is independent of its ATPase and RNA-binding activities, with RNA binding itself being a key determinant of its cytoplasmic retention
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Cytochrome c Oxidase: Heme a Controls the Protonation Dynamics of E286
No full textComplex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, or cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), contributes to the proton motive force necessary for ATP synthesis. CcO can slow the formation of reactive oxygen species and is key to physiology and drug development. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying its proton-pumping function remain elusive. The redox state of CcO's metallic cofactors is intimately connected to structural changes and proton pumping via proton-coupled electron transfer. Time-resolved UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy are used to investigate the effects of the electronic backreaction triggered by photolyzing the CO-inhibited 2-electron reduced state, R2CO, in the aa3 oxidase from Cereibacter sphaeroides. An intermediate is identified, in which the binuclear center matches the redox state of the catalytic intermediate E (one-electron reduced state), with a rise time of ≈2 μs. The electron transfer induces structural changes that lead to E286 deprotonation, with a time constant of 13 μs. Thus, it is inferred that transient reduction of heme a alone drives E286 deprotonation. E286 is reprotonated with a time constant of 72 ms when CO rebinds. The results support the view that transient heme a reduction in the physiological E state modulates the electrostatic environment, triggering proton transfer toward the proton-loading site
Is one additional phone call enough? - Effectiveness of additional human support to reduce dropout from an internet-based intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized-controlled trial
No full textBackground
Internet-Based Interventions (IBIs) are effective treatments for mental disorders, but their implementation faces challenges, particularly in addressing high dropout rates. Adding more human support or guidance might reduce treatment dropout rates in IBIs, but it may also limit scalability. Therefore, small, easy-to-implement, guidance-based add-on interventions are warranted to reduce dropout rates. This study tests if offering one additional brief phone contact reduces treatment dropout rates in an IBI for depressive symptoms with written guidance.
Methods
We analyze data from N = 394 individuals participating in an IBI for depression. The intervention comprises seven CBT-based modules with module-wise written semi-standardized feedback from psychotherapists (guided IBI). Previous research applying the same IBI in adults with self-reported symptoms of depression found increased dropout rates after the second module. In the study group, therapists offered an additional brief phone call after the second module (n = 206). In the control group, no additional phone calls were offered (n = 188). We present descriptive statistics regarding the intervention course for both groups. We conducted a logistic regression to examine the preventive effect of the additional phone call on treatment dropout.
Results
Pooled dropout rates in the study group were 30.5 % (n = 63), and in the control group 36.1 % (n = 68), with a risk difference of about 6 % points favoring the study group. The odds ratios ranged from 1.25 to 1.33, and the relative risks ranged from 1.08 to 1.10. However, all confidence intervals overlap zero, indicating that all effect estimates are statistically non-significant.
Conclusion
We tested a strategy of additional human contact to reduce treatment dropout rates in a guided IBI for depressive symptoms. All estimates descriptively favored the study group, but were small and non-significant. Further research is needed to determine how additional contact can be employed to reduce treatment dropout
Event-based analysis of weather-related fire brigade operations in the response area of the dispatch center Ansbach
No full textExtreme Wettersituationen führen immer wieder zu einem abrupten Anstieg eingehender Notrufe in Leitstellen der Feuerwehren. Datenbasierte Vorhersagemodelle für wetterbedingte Feuerwehreinsätze könnten dem Führungspersonal in der Leitstelle dabei helfen, präventive Maßnahmen besser zu planen und umzusetzen. Für die Entwicklung solcher Modelle ist wichtig, die relevante Wettergefahren und deren Auswirkungen auf das Einsatzgeschehen zu kennen. Deshalb wurde eine ereignisbasierte Analyse wetterbedingter Feuerwehreinsätze im Zuständigkeitsgebiet der Leitstelle Ansbach durchgeführt. Diese Analyse liefert wertvolle Einblicke in die Häufigkeit und Eigenschaften von Ereignissen mit erhöhtem Einsatzaufkommen. Gewittersituationen stehen im Zusammenhang mit 53% der analysierten Ereignisse und führen oft zu einer hohen stündlichen Einsatzzahl auf kleiner Fläche innerhalb kurzer Zeit. Im Vergleich dazu verursachen großflächige Stürme und Starkregen insgesamt ähnlich viele Einsätze, diese verteilen sich jedoch auf größere Flächen und längere Zeiträume. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse wird im nächsten Schritt die Entwicklung von Modellen zur Einsatzvorhersage durchgeführt.Extreme weather conditions repeatedly lead to a sudden increase in incoming emergency calls at fire brigade dispatch centers. Data-driven prediction models for weather-related fire brigade operations could support command staff in planning and implementing preventive measures more effectively. For the development of such models, it is essential to identify the relevant weather hazards and their impacts on operational activity. Therefore, an event-based analysis of weather-related fire brigade operations in the response area of the Ansbach Dispatch Center was conducted. This analysis provides valuable insights into the frequency and characteristics of events associated with increased operational demand. Thunderstorm situations account for 53% of the analyzed events and often result in a high hourly number of operations concentrated in small areas within short periods of time. In comparison, large-scale storms and heavy rainfall generate a similar total number of operations, but these are distributed across larger areas and longer time frames. Based on these results, the next step will be the development of models for operation forecasting
Ion mobility–mass spectrometry of palytoxin-like compounds produced by Ostreopsis cf. ovata
No full textPalytoxin (PLTX) and its analogues from Ostreopsis cf. ovata are significant health concerns. They show potent vasoconstrictive properties, often causing seafood poisoning. PLTX analogues have chiral centers, resulting in many isomers, making their separation by liquid chromatography and identification/characterization by mass spectrometry challenging. This study explores for the first time the ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) behavior of these compounds to address these analytical challenges. Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) and traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) were used and compared. Additionally, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) and molecular dynamics simulation were employed to explain unexpected results. TIMS provided higher resolution, distinguishing isomeric ions generated in the electrospray source by losing water molecules from different toxin sites. Computational studies offered theoretical insights into the ion mobility of triply charged calcium and sodium adduct ions, suggesting a folded conformation. DTCCSN2 (collisional cross section using DTIMS and nitrogen as buffer gas) values were obtained for PLTX (standard), ovatoxin-a, and ovatoxin-b from microalgae samples in Sant Andreu de Llavaneres (Barcelona, Spain). These values were comparable (ΔCCSs < 2%) to those measured with TWIMS calibrated using PLTX (standard). The study provides 102 CCS values from DTIMS and TWIMS data for adducts and fragment ions of PLTX analogues, which can be used as reference values in databases for toxin screening in complex samples
История интерьера церкви Сан-Пьетро в Перудже
No full textDie vorliegende Dissertationsschrift untersucht das Phänomen der Kirchenumgestaltungen in Italien. In systematischer Form erfasst sie die Tatsache, dass die Innenräume italienischer Kirchen nach ihrer Ersteinrichtung immer wieder zum Gegenstand umfassender Umgestaltungskampagnen geworden sind.
In diesem Zuge legt die Schrift zunächst eine Theorie und Methodologie der Kircheninnenraumforschung vor. Hauptthemen bilden dabei die räumliche Disposition, die zumeist künstlerische Ausgestaltung der Oberflächen der Raumhülle und der Einrichtungsgegenstände sowie das Phänomen der Umgestaltung eines vorbestehenden Kirchbaus.
Anschließend erfolgt eine exemplarische Untersuchung der Kirche S. Pietro in Perugia, die die gesamte Fortdauer ihrer ca. 1000 Jahre andauernden Existenz hinweg erfasst. Zu jeder der in S. Pietro erfolgten Umgestaltungskampagnen (je nach Zählung sind es ungefähr sechs bis acht) sowie zur Ursprungsgestalt der Kirche und zum Phänomen der späteren Fiktion einer noch in das Frühchristentum zurückreichenden Existenz werden außerdem auf breitester Ebene Vergleichsuntersuchungen mit anderen Bauten und der Entwicklung der Kircheninnenräume in unterschiedlichsten mittel- und norditalienischen Regionen vorgelegt. Die vorliegende Schrift liefert damit auch einen ersten Überblick über die Kircheninnenraumgeschichte in Italien.
Von zentraler Bedeutung ist dabei auch das Phänomen der frühwissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit italienischer Kirchen- und Heiligengeschichte. Publikationen wie Ferdinando Ughellis „Italia Sacra“ und die lokale Guidenliteratur haben nämlich sowohl weitere (Um-)Gestaltungen von Kircheninnenräumen mitbestimmt als auch die moderne Forschung nachhaltig beeinflusst. So werden auch heute noch immer wieder fehlerhafte Datierungen und Rekonstruktionen tradiert, die die frühmodernen Forschung seit dem 17. Jahrhundert als vermeintlich gesicherte Wahrheiten etabliert hat.
Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Erforschung der Baugesetzgebung und der überregionalen Netzwerkbildung der Cassinensischen Kongregation, der neben S. Pietro in Perugia lange Zeit fast sämtliche weitere Benediktinerklöster Italiens angehört haben.
Außerdem liefert die Arbeit neue Erkenntnisse zur Ursprungsgestalt bzw. zu späteren Umgestaltungen der berühmten ehemaligen Altarbilder von S. Pietro, also von Meo da Sienas ursprünglich doppelseitigem Dorsale im Frankfurter Städel und von Pietro Peruginos Himmelfahrtsaltar.
Zusätzlich legt die vorliegende Schrift umfassende Editionen sowohl zu mittelalterlichen Quellen als auch zu Schriften der frühmodernen Forschung vor, die der Wissenschaft bisher nur schwer oder sogar nur in handschriftlicher Form in einem einzigen Archiv zugänglich waren.
Schließlich wird in einem eigenen Doppelband ein sehr umfangreicher Bildteil vorgelegt, der nicht nur den Kircheninnenraum von S. Pietro im Detail vorstellt. Vielmehr gibt er auch einen Überblick über die romanische Architektur in Umbrien und zu Kirchenumgestaltungen im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert in Mittel- und Norditalien. Da in diesem Zuge viele, teils auch sehr prominente Kircheninnenräume und ihre Ausstattung erstmals umfassend und in Farbe dokumentiert werden, können die Bildbände auch als Ausgangspunkt zu weiteren Untersuchungen der Kircheninnenraumforschung dienen.This dissertation examines the phenomenon of church remodelling in Italy. In a systematic form, it records the fact that the interiors of Italian churches have repeatedly become the subject of extensive transformation campaigns following their initial construction.
In this context, the book first presents a theory and methodology of the research of church interiors. The main topics are the spatial disposition, the mostly artistic design of the surfaces of the interior shell and the furnishings as well as the phenomenon of remodelling a pre-existing church building.
This is followed by an exemplary examination of the church of S. Pietro in Perugia over the entire duration of its approximately 1000-year existence. For each of the remodelling campaigns carried out in S. Pietro (depending on the count, there are around six to eight), as well as on the original form of the church and the phenomenon of the later fiction of an existence dating back to early Christianity, comparative studies with other buildings and the development of church interiors in various central and northern Italian regions are also presented on a broad level. This publication thus also provides the first overview of the history of church interiors in Italy.
The phenomenon of early scholarly interest in the history of the Italian church and saints is also of central importance. Publications such as Ferdinando Ughelli's ‘Italia Sacra’ and the local guidebook literature have had a lasting influence on further (re)designs of church interiors as well as on modern research. Even today, erroneous dating and reconstructions that early modern research has established as supposedly certain truths since the 17th century are still being passed on.
A further focus of the work is the investigation of the building legislation and the supra-regional network formation of the Cassinese Congregation, to which almost all other Benedictine monasteries in Italy besides S. Pietro in Perugia belonged for a long time.
The work also provides new insights into the original form and later remodelling of the famous former altarpieces of S. Pietro, i.e. Meo da Siena‘s original double-sided dorsal in the Frankfurt Städel and Pietro Perugino's Ascension Altarpiece.
In addition, this publication presents comprehensive editions of both medieval sources and writings from early modern research, which were previously only accessible to scholars with difficulty or even only in manuscript form in a single archive.
Finally, a very extensive illustrated section is presented in a separate double volume, which not only presents the church interior of S. Pietro in detail. It also provides an overview of Romanesque architecture in Umbria and of church remodelling in the 16th and 17th centuries in central and northern Italy. As many churches, some of them very prominent, and their furnishings are documented comprehensively and in colour for the first time, the illustrated volumes can also serve as a starting point for further research into church interiors.La presente tesi di dottorato analizza il fenomeno della ristrutturazione delle chiese in Italia. In forma sistematica, essa rileva il fatto che gli interni delle chiese italiane, dopo la loro prima sistemazione, sono stati ripetutamente oggetto di campagne di ristrutturazione su larga scala.
In questo contesto, la tesi presenta innanzitutto una teoria e una metodologia di ricerca sugli interni delle chiese. I temi principali sono la disposizione spaziale, la decorazione prevalentemente artistica delle superfici dell’involucro dello spazio e degli arredi, nonché il fenomeno della ristrutturazione di un edificio ecclesiastico preesistente.
Segue poi un’analisi esemplare della chiesa di S. Pietro a Perugia, che copre l’intero arco della sua esistenza millenaria. Per ciascuna delle campagne di ristrutturazione effettuate a S. Pietro (secondo i conteggi, sono circa sei–otto), nonché per la forma originaria della chiesa e il fenomeno della successiva finzione di un’esistenza risalente al primo cristianesimo, vengono inoltre presentati studi comparativi su ampia scala con altri edifici e lo sviluppo degli interni delle chiese nelle più diverse regioni dell’Italia centrale e settentrionale. Il presente scritto fornisce quindi anche una prima panoramica della storia degli interni delle chiese in Italia.
Di fondamentale importanza è anche il fenomeno dell’interesse scientifico precoce per la storia delle chiese e dei santi italiani. Pubblicazioni come l’Italia Sacra di Ferdinando Ughelli e la letteratura guida locale hanno infatti influenzato sia ulteriori (ri)progettazioni degli interni delle chiese sia la ricerca moderna. Ancora oggi vengono tramandate datazioni e ricostruzioni errate, che la ricerca dell’età moderna ha stabilito come verità presunte dal XVII secolo.
Un altro punto centrale del lavoro è lo studio della legislazione edilizia e della rete sovraregionale della Congregazione Cassinese, alla quale, oltre a S. Pietro a Perugia, hanno appartenuto per lungo tempo quasi tutti gli altri monasteri benedettini d’Italia.
Inoltre, il lavoro fornisce nuove informazioni sulla forma originale e sulle successive trasformazioni delle famose ex pale d’altare di S. Pietro, ovvero la dorsale originariamente bifacciale di Meo da Siena conservata allo Städel di Francoforte e l’altare dell'Ascensione di Pietro Perugino.
Inoltre, il presente scritto presenta edizioni complete sia di fonti medievali che di scritti della ricerca dell’età moderna, che finora erano difficilmente accessibili alla scienza o addirittura disponibili solo in forma manoscritta in un unico archivio.
Infine, in un doppio volume a sé stante viene presentata una sezione illustrativa molto ampia, che non solo presenta in dettaglio l’interno della chiesa di S. Pietro. Fornisce anche una panoramica dell’architettura romanica in Umbria e delle ristrutturazioni delle chiese nel XVI e XVII secolo nell’Italia centrale e settentrionale. Poiché in questo contesto molti interni di chiese, alcuni dei quali molto importanti, e il loro arredamento sono documentati per la prima volta in modo completo e a colori, i volumi illustrati possono anche servire come punto di partenza per ulteriori studi sulla ricerca degli interni delle chiese