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Microclimatic measurements in Berlin from the Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin from 2024
No full textThe dataset contains 5 minute data of the Berlin stations from the FU Microclimate network (FUMiNET). This measurement network has been continuously built up since 2017 and is used for scale-dependent research of the urban climate of Berlin, which was funded by the 'Urban Climate under Change' Project (https://www.uc2-program.org/), BMBF. The stations reflect the urban structure and are located at sites which are typical of the Berlin urban area. The stations measure at a height of 2m the temperature and humidity. The data package contains data for the year 2024. For each of the stations there is a file with packed data in CSV format. In a full description contained in a pdf file, the locations are explicitly described.Der Datensatz enthält Messwerte im fünf Minuten Takt des 'FU- Microclimate network' (FUMiNET) aus dem Berliner Stadtgebiet. Dieses Messnetz wurde kontinuierlich seit dem Jahr 2017 aufgebaut und dient der skalenübergreifenden Erfoschung des Stadtklimas von Berlin, welches durch das BMBF 'Stadtklima im Wandel Projektes' (https://www.uc2-program.org/) gefördert wurde. Die Stationen sind so aufgebaut, dass die Stadtstruktur von Berlin gut abgebildet wird. Gemessen wird die 2m Temperatur und Feuchte. Im Datenpaket sind die Daten des Jahres 2024 enthalten. Zu jeder der Stationen gibt es eine Datei mit gepackten Daten im CSV Format. In einer Gesamtbeschreibung als eine pdf Datei sind die Standorte expliziert beschrieben
A sufficient criterion for divisibility of quantum channels
Get PDFWe present a simple, dimension-independent criterion which guarantees that some quantum channel Φ is divisible, i.e., that there exists a non-trivial factorization Φ = Φ1Φ2. The idea is to first define an “elementary” channel Φ2 and then to analyze when is completely positive. The sufficient criterion obtained this way—which even yields an explicit factorization of Φ—is that one has to find orthogonal unit vectors x, x⊥ such that where is the Kraus subspace of Φ and is its orthogonal complement. Of course, using linearity this criterion can be reduced to finitely many equalities. Generically, this division even lowers the Kraus rank which is why repeated application—if possible—results in a factorization of Φ into in some sense “simple” channels. Finally, be aware that our techniques are not limited to the particular elementary channel we chose
Highly Emissive Hexa-peri-benzocoronene-fluoranthene Hybrid as Easily Processable and Stable OLED Material
No full textWe report the synthesis of a fluorescent polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon dye with a "symmetry-broken" core, derived from the
related hexa-peri-benzocoronene core with a fluoranthene subunit.
The fluorophore is composed of a pure carbon skeleton without
heteroatoms and exhibits remarkable photoluminescence properties
with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 67% in toluene,
exceeding that of the parent hexa-peri-benzocoronene by a factor of
30. The single crystal X-ray structure reveals the distorted polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon structure, which is responsible for the
optoelectronic properties, as supported by density functional theory
calculations. We show that the new fluorescent dye can be readily
used for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes without
extensive optimization, whereby solubility in a variety of solvents and
successful film formation are decisive
Holistic forecasting for future pandemics: a review of pathogens, models, and data
Get PDFPandemics challenge the capacity and resilience of healthcare systems around the world. A rapid and effective response to the sudden spread of a pathogen is therefore key to minimising the burden of a disease. Epidemic forecasting generates possible future scenarios of disease spread that can inform the decision-making process of public health authorities, leading to the timely implementation of efficient control strategies. Here, we provide an overview of the pathogens that possess the potential to cause future pandemics, the different models, and the data sources that can be employed to generate prognoses about their spread. Existing efforts focus mainly on one or two different sources, failing to account for multiple factors that influence disease transmission. We discuss recent developments that can lead us towards a holistic forecasting system capable of integrating different data sources, which, we argue, is needed to make reliable predictions and ensure a timely response by public health authorities at a global scale
Refining the radii and analysing the internal structures and atmospheric lifetimes of TOI-238 b and TOI-1685 b
Get PDFStudying the composition of exoplanets is one of the most promising approaches to observationally constrain planet formation and evolution processes. However, this endeavour is complicated for small exoplanets by the fact that a wide range of compositions are compatible with their observed bulk properties. To overcome this issue, we identify triangular regions in the mass–radius space where part of this intrinsic degeneracy is lifted for close-in planets, since low-mass H/He envelopes would not be stable due to high-energy stellar irradiation. Planets in these Hot Water World triangles need to contain at least some heavier volatiles and are therefore interesting targets for atmospheric follow-up observations. We perform a demographic study to show that only few well-characterised planets in these regions are currently known and introduce our CHEOPS GTO programme aimed at identifying more of these potential hot water worlds. Here, we present CHEOPS observations for the first two targets of our programme, TOI-238 b and TOI-1685 b. Combined with TESS photometry and published RVs, we use the precise radii and masses of both planets to study their location relative to the corresponding Hot Water World triangles, perform an interior structure analysis, and study the possible lifetimes of H/He and waterdominated atmospheres under these conditions. We find that TOI-238 blies, at the 1σ level, inside the corresponding triangle. While a pure H/He atmosphere would have evaporated after 0.4–1.3 Myr, it is likely that a water-dominated atmosphere would have survived until the current age of the system, which makes TOI-238 ba promising candidate for a hot water world. Conversely, TOI-1685 b lies below the mass–radius model for a pure silicate planet, meaning that even though a water-dominated atmosphere would be compatible both with our internal structure and evaporation analysis, we cannot rule out the planet being a bare core
Multimodale Analysen in soliden Tumoren zur Exploration der Tumorheterogenität und Biomarkerevaluation
Get PDFObwohl die Krebsmedizin – getrieben von den rasanten Fortschritten der Molekularbiologie – in den letzten zwei Dekaden zahlreiche beeindruckende Durchbrüche in der Entwicklung innovativer Therapiekonzepte erzielte, verbesserte sich die Prognose der Patienten mit soliden Tumoren kaum. Nach anfänglich erfolgreichem Therapieansprechen entwickelten die meisten soliden Tumore Resistenzen und die Patienten verstarben bedauerlicherweise an ihrer Krebserkrankung. Die Tumorheterogenität gilt als wesentlicher Faktor für die Ausbildung von Resistenzen. Entsprechend war ein Schwerpunkt der hier vorliegenden Arbeit die profundere Exploration der Tumorheterogenität.
In den Studien konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass nicht nur das duktale Adenokarzinome des Pankreas, sondern auch Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches eine äußerst heterogene Immunlandschaft aufweisen, was dabei helfen sollte, die immuntherapeutischen Konzepte bei diesen zwei Entitäten feiner zu adjustieren. Die Verortung von Mutationen in spezifische Tumorkompartimente des Plattenepithelkarzinoms könnte dazu genutzt werden, die Pathogenese dieses Tumors besser zu verstehen. Die beachtliche Heterogenität molekularer Subtypen in Harnblasenkarzinomen stellt eine gewichtige Implikation für subtyp-geleitete Therapiekonzepte dar, wohingegen der nachgewiesenermaßen gesteigerte und tumorbiologisch relevante Informationsgehalt eines drei- gegenüber eines zweidimensionalen Ansatzes in zukünftigen Studien zur Tumorheterogenität Beachtung finden sollte.
Der zweite Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit behandelte Tumorbiomarker, mit dem Ziel, die Patienten präziser hinsichtlich ihrer Prognose und ihres Therapieansprechens stratifizieren zu können und hierbei auch auf komplexe Technologien und innovative statistische Verfahren zurückzugreifen. Mit PD-L1 im Harnblasenkarzinom und TTF-1 im pulmonalen Adenokarzinom konnten zwei neue prognostische Biomarker identifiziert werden. In einer umfangreichen mIF-basierten Analyse gelang außerdem die Identifizierung prognostisch-relevanter komplexer zellulärer Signaturen im Harnblasenkarzinom. Darüber hinaus wurde durch die Entwicklung eines mikroskalierten Ansatzes im NSCLC die Grundlage für zukünftige proteomische Analysen an großen klinischen Kohorten gelegt und die Möglichkeit eröffnet, diese auch an kleinen Gewebeproben wie Biopsien anzuwenden
Verborgene Abschriften des christlichen Jahrhunderts: Macht und globale Güter im frühneuzeitlichen Japan
No full textThis essay employs James Scott’s (1990) concepts of hidden and public transcripts to explore shifting power relations during the Iberian encounter with early modern Japan. Introduced by Charles Boxer (1951), the term ‘Christian Century’ is sometimes used to refer to the dynamic period of contact between Europe and Japan between 1543 (the first recorded arrival of Europeans in Japanese waters) and 1639 (the expulsion of all Iberian merchants and missionaries from the archipelago). This was Japan’s first global moment, a time of intense cultural contact with Europe and new links with India, Southeast Asia, coastal Africa and the Americas. While the dynamism of the period makes the phrase ‘Christian Century’ inapt in certain respects, it will be used here (without scare quotes) as a convenient label. The question of the nature of power is central to my discussion. Japanese archaeologists and premodern historians often work with a view of power which, in the terminology of Michael Mann, is both intensive and authoritative. Intensive power “refers to the ability to organize tightly and command a high level of mobilization or commitment from the participants”, while authoritative power is “actually willed by groups and institutions” comprising “definite commands and conscious obedience” (Mann 1986: 7–8). Such a view of power is arguably appropriate for the ‘absolutist’ regime of the early modern Tokugawa era (1603–1868), but can hardly be applied to the Kofun period (250–700) when an early state first appeared in the Japanese Islands. For instance, the influential proposal made by archaeologist Yukio Kobayashi in the 1950s that the distribution of a particular type of bronze mirror in the third century reflected the spread of state power now seems like a clear over-interpretation (cf. Edwards 2006). In Mann’s (1986) IEMP model of the sources of social power (ideological, economic, military and political) situated within overlapping networks, the bronze mirrors analysed by Kobayashi were a source of ideological power, but the extent to which they also supported economic, military and political power remains an open question
Water Electrooxidation Kinetics Clarified by Time-Resolved X-Ray Absorption and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for a Bulk-Active Cobalt Material
Get PDFWater oxidation, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is the anodic process in electrocatalytic production of hydrogen and further green fuels. Transition-metal oxyhydroxides with bulk-phase OER activity of the complete material or amorphized near-surface regions are of prime application interest, but their basic electrochemical properties are insufficiently understood. Here the timescale of functional processes is clarified by time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for a thickness-series of cobalt oxyhydroxides films (about 35–550 nm). At the outer material surface, an electric double-layer is formed in microseconds followed by clearly cobalt-centered redox-state changes of the bulk material in the low millisecond domain and a slow chemical step of O2-formation, within hundreds of milliseconds. Conceptually interesting, the electrode potential likely controls the OER rate indirectly by driving the catalyst material to an increasingly oxidized state which promotes the rate-limiting chemical step. Rate constants are derived for redox chemistry and catalysis from EIS data of low-thickness catalyst films; at higher thicknesses, catalyst-internal charge transport limitations become increasingly relevant. Relations between electrochemically active surface area, double-layer capacitance, and redox (pseudo-)capacitance are discussed. These results can increase the power of EIS analyses and support knowledge-guided optimization of a broader class of OER catalyst materials
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Giftwirkung des Methylalkohols auf den tierischen Organismus
No full textDigitalisat der Ausgabe von 1912, erschienen 202