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From Antiretroviral to Antibacterial: Deep-Learning-Accelerated Repurposing and In Vitro Validation of Efavirenz Against Gram-Positive Bacteria
Get PDFThe repurposing potential of Efavirenz (EFV), a clinically established non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, was comprehensively evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial effect either alone or in combination with other antibacterial agents on several Gram-positive clinical strains showing different antibiotic resistance profiles. The binding potential assessed by an in silico study included Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and WalK membrane kinase. Despite the relatively high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) limiting the use of EFV as a single antibacterial agent, it exhibits significant synergistic activity at sub-MIC levels when paired with various antibiotics against Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus. EFV showed restored sensitivity of β-lactams against Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). It increased the effectiveness of antibiotics tested against Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). It also helped to overcome the intrinsic resistance barrier for several antibiotics in Enterococcus spp. In silico binding studies aligned remarkably with experimental antimicrobial testing results and highlighted the potential of EFV to direct the engagement of PBPs with moderate to strong binding affinities (pKa 5.2–6.1). The dual-site PBP2 binding mechanism emerged as a novel inhibition strategy, potentially circumventing resistance mutations. Special attention should be paid to WalK binding predictions (pKa = 4.94), referring to the potential of EFV to interfere with essential regulatory pathways controlling cell wall metabolism and virulence factor expression. These findings, in general, suggest the possibility of EFV as a promising lead for the development of new antibacterial agents
High-rise syndrome in cats (part 1): epidemiology and risk factors
Get PDFObjectives
High-rise syndrome (HRS) is one of the most common causes of trauma in cats; however, significant inconsistencies remain in the literature regarding the relationship between fall height and injury severity, as well as epidemiological patterns, including seasonal variations and architectural risk factors. Given these discrepancies, the aim of the present two-part study was to analyse a substantial population of cats to clarify these unresolved questions, providing a comprehensive assessment of injury patterns, survival rates and risk factors associated with feline high-rise falls.
Methods
This retrospective analysis included 1125 cases of cats treated for HRS at the Freie Universität Berlin’s small animal clinic between 2004 and 2013. Eligible cases involved cats falling from at least the second floor of new buildings or the first floor of older buildings. Collected data encompassed breed, sex, age, weight, timing of accident, prior treatment, fall height, impact surface and environmental factors. The first part of this study focuses on epidemiological patterns and risk factors, while the second will analyse injury severity correlations.
Results
European Shorthair cats accounted for 82% of cases, with an average age of 2.3 years and an average weight of 4.1 kg. Falls were evenly distributed between sexes. Seasonal peaks occurred in summer (77%) and most incidents took place at night (62.1%). The average fall height was in the range of 8–15 m, with the majority of cats landing on hard surfaces (74.2%). Repeat incidents (two separate falls) were documented in 1.4% of cases.
Conclusions and relevance
This study, with the largest sample of feline HRS cases, highlights the influence of seasonal, temporal and environmental factors on fall risks. The findings offer a critical basis for preventive strategies, including owner education, use of window barriers and prompt veterinary care, to mitigate the incidence and severity of HRS
Cemented vs. Screw-Retained Implant-Supported Monolithic Lithium Disilicate Single Crowns: 10-Year Data from a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Get PDFAbstract
Objective
This study investigated the survival probability of screw-retained monolithic lithium disilicate hybrid-abutment crowns compared to cemented lithium disilicate crowns on
monolithic lithium disilicate hybrid abutments over a 10-year period. Differences in bio
logical and technical complication rates as well as their impact on patient satisfaction and
oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were assessed.
Materials and Methods
A total of 30 patients with 40 implants were included in the study. Two study designs were
combined: an unpaired sample, in which each patient received one implant restored ei
ther with a screw-retained or a cemented crown, and a "split-mouth" design, in which
patients received a screw-retained crown on one side and a cemented crown on the con
tralateral side. Evaluations included implant survival rates, technical and biological
complications, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), as
sessed using validated instruments such as the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oral
Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.4.2).
Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests were conducted to evaluate survival times,
while group differences in continuous variables were tested using Welch's-t-test or the
Kruskal-Wallis test, and differences in categorical variables were assessed using Fisher's
exact test. The significance level was set at ɑ = 0.05. A linear regression model, with data
transformation, was used to analyze the temporal progression of OHIP scores.
Results
The implant survival rate was 100 % in both groups. No biological complications were
observed, either at the implant or restoration level. Additionally, no adverse events were
reported at the surgical or peri-implant levels, confirming uneventful osseointegration and
functionality of all CONELOG BL implants up to 120 months post-implantation. In the
cemented group, two technical complications were observed in the form of debonding
from the titanium base. No technical complications were reported in the screw-retained
group. There were no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences between screw
retained and cemented bone-level implant-supported single crowns made of pressed,
monolithic lithium disilicate (LiS₂) in terms of survival probability or technical and biologi
cal complications. Both treatment options led to a significant improvement in patient
satisfaction and OHRQoL after implantation. After several years, a slight, statistically non
significant decline in satisfaction was noted. However, the values remained substantially
better than before treatment.
Conclusion
Both screw-retained monolithic lithium disilicate hybrid-abutment crowns and cemented
lithium disilicate crowns on hybrid abutments demonstrated comparable outcomes in
terms of survival probability and the Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS) in this
randomized controlled pilot study over a 10-year follow-up period. Neither treatment op
tion differed significantly in terms of patient satisfaction or oral health-related quality of life
(OHRQoL). Both screw-retained and cement-retained restaurations are well-suited for
implant-supported single-tooth restorations.Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit von verschraubten
monolithischen Lithiumdisilikat-Hybrid-Abutment-Kronen im Vergleich zu zementierten
Lithiumdisilikat-Kronen auf monolithischen Lithiumdisilikat-Hybrid-Abutments über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren. Unterschiede in den biologischen und technischen Komplikationsraten sowie deren Einfluss auf die Patient:innenzufriedenheit und die
mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (OHRQoL) wurden bewertet.
Material und Methoden
In die Studie wurden 30 Patient:innen mit insgesamt 40 Implantaten eingeschlossen.
Zwei Studiendesigns wurden kombiniert: eine unverbundene Stichprobe, bei der jede:r
Patient:in ein Implantat erhielt, das entweder verschraubt oder zementiert versorgt wurde, sowie ein „Split-Mouth“-Design, bei dem Patient:innen kontralateral eine verschraubte und eine zementierte Krone erhielten. Bewertet wurden die Überlebensrate der Implantate, technische und biologische Komplikationen, die Patient:innenzufriedenheit sowie die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (OHRQoL) anhand validierter Instrumente wie der visuellen Analogskala (VAS) und dem Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Die
statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit R (Version 4.4.2). Kaplan-Meier-Analysen mit Log Rank-Test wurden zur Überlebenszeitanalyse durchgeführt, während Gruppenunter schiede bei kontinuierlichen Variablen mit dem Welch's-T-Test bzw. Kruskal-Wallis-Test
und bei kategorialen Variablen mit dem Fisher-Exact-Test geprüft wurden. Das
Signifikanzniveau wurde auf ɑ = 0,05 festgelegt. Für die Analyse der zeitlichen Entwicklung der OHIP-Werte wurde eine lineare Regression nach Transformation der Daten verwendet.
Ergebnisse
Die Implantatüberlebensrate betrug 100 % in beiden Gruppen. Es wurden keine biologischen Komplikationen beobachtet, weder auf Implantat- noch auf Restaurationsebene.
Zudem traten keine unerwünschten Ereignisse auf chirurgischer oder periimplantärer
Ebene auf, was eine komplikationslose Einheilung und Funktion aller CONELOG BL Implantate bis zu 120 Monate nach der Implantation belegt. In der Gruppe der zementierten Versorgungen traten zwei technische Komplikationen in Form von Dezementierungen von der Titan-Klebebasis auf. In der Gruppe der verschraubten Versorgungen wurden keine technischen Komplikationen festgestellt.
Es bestand kein statistisch signifikanter oder klinisch relevanter Unterschied zwischen
verschraubten und zementierten Bonelevel-Implantat-basierten Einzelkronen aus gepresstem, monolithischem Lithiumdisilikat (LiS₂) hinsichtlich
Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit sowie technischer und biologischer Komplikationen. Beide Versorgungsarten führten zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Patient:innenzufriedenheit und der mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach der Implantation. Nach mehreren Jahren war ein leichtes, statistisch nicht signifikantes Absinken der Zufriedenheit erkennbar, jedoch blieben die Werte deutlich besser als vor der Behandlung.
Schlussfolgerung
Sowohl verschraubte monolithische Lithiumdisilikat-Hybrid-Abutment-Kronen, als auch
zementierte Lithiumdisilikat-Kronen auf Hybrid-Abutments zeigten in dieser randomisierten, kontrollierten Pilotstudie über einen Nachuntersuchungszeitraum von 10 Jahren vergleichbare Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit und des FIPS.
Beide Versorgungsarten unterschieden sich nicht signifikant hinsichtlich Patient:innenzufriedenheit und mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (OHRQoL) und sind beide für eine implantatgetragene Einzelzahnversorgung geeignet
Ice-thermal feedback-driven temperature variability on the Tibetan Plateau
Get PDFDespite globally parallel changes in insolation intensity, the nature and causes of Holocene stadial-interstadial transitions and relevant cycles remain mysterious. Particularly, the ice-thermal feedbacks caused by the ice sheet on the Tibetan Plateau have pronounced effects in the interannual surface-heat anomaly and local-to-remote atmospheric circulations. However, its long-term variations and impacts in terms of melt-freeze dynamics remain mysterious. Our results are based on decadal resolved difference between two oxygen isotope records during the past 12,000 years from Donggi Cona Lake, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. They indicate surface-heat anomaly-caused air-temperature variabilities, which were about −3 °C in springs 9,500 years ago and 2 °C in autumns afterwards on average, independent from insolation strength. We find that increasing autumn air-temperature variability generated large-scaled vertical convections over the Plateau 4,500 years ago. Since then, the recent Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing centre formed with the noted increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission. The predicted increasing autumn air-temperature with greenhouse effect portends future higher atmospheric sensitivity. We anticipate Holocene ice-ages to be tipping points of the coupled surface-atmosphere climate changes
Hemostaseological aspects in the context of cardiac arrest and their impact on clinical outcome
Get PDFHintergrund: Ein refraktärer Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand geht trotz Fortschritten in der klini-
schen Versorgung mit einer erhöhten Mortalität einher. Die extrakorporale Reanimation
(ECPR) bietet eine vielversprechende Therapieoption für betroffene Patient*innen. Die
Frage, welche Patient*innen von einer ECPR profitieren, wird aufgrund der heterogenen
Datenlage von Expert*innen jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Laut neueren Studien ist eine
Hyperfibrinolyse nach erfolgter Wiederbelebung mit einer schweren Hypoxie und
schlechten Prognose assoziiert.
Fragestellung: Die Hyperfibrinolyse als Surrogatmarker für eine Hypoxie wurde im Rah-
men der ECPR-Evaluation bisher nicht untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich
daher mit der Frage, inwieweit die rasche Analyse der Hämostase mittels Rotationsthrom-
belastometrie (ROTEM®) eine zusätzliche Entscheidungshilfe für den Einsatz einer
ECPR bieten kann.
Methodik: Im Rahmen der retrospektiven, monozentrischen Studie wurden reanimations-
bezogene und laborchemische Parameter sowie ROTEM®-Analyseparameter (z. B. ma-
ximum lysis, ML) von 57 Patient*innen mit refraktärem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand bezüglich
ihrer prognostischen Wertigkeit untersucht. Zudem wurde analysiert, ob sich die frühen
ROTEM®-Variablen der Gerinnselfestigkeit (Amplitude 5 / 10 Minuten nach extrinsischer
Gerinnungsaktivierung, EXTEM A5, A10) zur Frühdiagnose der Hyperfibrinolyse eignen.
Als schlechtes Outcome wurde ein Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) Score von ≥
3 oder der Tod an 30. Tag definiert. Eine ML ≥ 15 % wurde als Hyperfibrinolyse definiert.
Ergebnisse: Die bei 63,2 % Patient*innen beobachtete Hyperfibrinolyse ging mit höheren
Laktat- und niedrigeren pH-Werten einher. Ein Kreislauf wurde bei 33 Patient*innen mit
ECPR und bei neun Patient*innen mit konventioneller Reanimation etabliert. 28 der 42
Reanimierten zeigten am Tag 30 ein schlechtes Outcome. Eine Hyperfibrinolyse trat in
der Gruppe mit schlechtem Outcome signifikant häufiger auf als in der Gruppe mit guter
Prognose (75 %; vs. 7,1 %; p < 0,001). In der Receiver-Operating-Characteristics-(ROC)-
Analyse zeigte die ML eine bessere prädiktive Wertigkeit (AUC 0,85; p < 0,001) für ein
schlechtes Outcome als der initiale Laktat-
, (AUC 0,71; p = 0,04) oder pH-Wert (AUC
0,78; p = 0,003]. Das Verhältnis von EXTEM A5 zur Laktat-Konzentration sagte die Hy-
perfibrinolyse in der ROC-Analyse zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt vorher (AUC 0,89; p
<0,001).
Zusammenfassung 2
Schlussfolgerung: Die bei einem refraktären Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand häufig auftretende
Hyperfibrinolyse geht mit erhöhten Hypoxiemarkern und einem schlechten Outcome ein-
her. Die Kombination der EXTEM A5- und Laktat-Werte ist ein neuer Ansatz zur Frühdi-
agnose der Hyperfibrinolyse, was für die Implementierung von ROTEM® in den ECPR-
Entscheidungsprozess spricht. Das Fehlen einer Hyperfibrinolyse könnte als Marker für
eine qualitativ hochwertige Reanimation und als Argument für den Einsatz der ECPR trotz
einer langen Reanimationszeit dienen.Background: Despite advances in clinical care, refractory cardiac arrest is associated with
increased mortality. Extracorporeal resuscitation (ECPR) offers a promising treatment option for affected patients. The variability of the recent research has led to ongoing debate
among experts regarding the question which patients benefit from ECPR. Recent studies
showed that hyperfibrinolysis following successful resuscitation is associated with severe
tissue hypoxia and a poor prognosis.
Research question: Hyperfibrinolysis as a potential marker of tissue hypoxia has not been
investigated in the setting of ECPR. The present dissertation addresses the question
whether rapid analysis of hemostasis using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) offers an additional decision-making support during ECPR-evaluation.
Methods: In this retrospective, monocentric study, resuscitation-related and laboratory
data and ROTEM® analyses (f. e. maximum lysis, ML) of 57 patients with refractory cardiac arrest were examined to evaluate their prognostic value. In addition, the early available ROTEM® variables of clot strength (amplitude 5 / 10 minutes after extrinsic coagulation activation, EXTEM A5, A10) were assed for their capacity to detect hyperfibrinolysis
earlier. Poor outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of
≥ 3 or death at day 30. ML ≥ 15 % was defined as hyperfibrinolysis.
Results: Hyperfibrinolysis was observed in 63.2 % of patients and was associated with
higher lactate and lower pH levels. A circuit was established in 33 patients with ECPR
and in nine with conventional cardiac reanimation. 28 of 42 resuscitated patients had a poor outcome on day 30. Hyperfibrinolysis occurred significantly more frequently in the
poor outcome group than in the good outcome group (75 %; versus 7.1 %; p < 0.001). In
the receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis, ML showed a better predictive
value (AUC 0.85; p < 0.001) for a poor outcome than the initial lactate (AUC 0.71; p =
0.04) or pH level (AUC 0.78; p = 0.003]. The ratio of EXTEM A5 to lactate level showed
a good predictive value (AUC of 0.89; p < 0.001) for the early diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis.
Conclusion: Hyperfibrinolysis is common in refractory cardiac arrest and is associated
with elevated hypoxia markers and poor outcome. The combination of EXTEM A5 and
lactate represents a new approach for early diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis and supports
the implementation of ROTEM® in the ECPR decision-making process. The absence of
hyperfibrinolysis could be interpreted as a marker of effective conventional reanimation
and provide a rationale for initiating ECPR despite a prolonged low flow time
HARMLESS Early Warning System for Advanced Materials
Get PDFAdvanced Materials (AdMa) play a crucial role for numerous strategies that address global challenges. They are being developed fast, making it increasingly challenging for regulation to keep pace with innovation. Existing frameworks, which are either not designed for AdMa or lack adequate filtering to identify AdMa of high concern, do not (yet) effectively support regulatory preparedness. The HARMLESS Early Warning System (EWS), in contrast, is a practically applicable tool for screening plenty of materials in a reasonable time. It is organized in two tiers, each underpinned by a specific methodology and facilitated by a dedicated online tool. The initial Tier 0 categorizes the materials using the Advanced Materials Earliest Assessment (AMEA) tool. Tier 1 first screens materials asking only 15 questions and is ideal for data-poor materials at early innovation stages. These questions cover issues related to human/ environmental exposure and hazard, sustainability and applicability of existing regulations. In a more elaborated version, experimental testing based on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) is suggested. As outcome, the user is provided with 1) material-related concerns, 2) prioritization of AdMa and 3) recommendations for (regulatory) follow-up actions. Data from two industrial case studies is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the HARMLESS EWS
Comparing Ecohydrological Characteristics of European Kettle Holes and Prairie Potholes for Effective Conservation and Management
Get PDFThe last glaciation period, known as the Wisconsin glaciation in North America and the Weichselian glaciation in North Central Europe (NCE), sculpted distinctive landscape features across these regions, including kettle holes in NCE and prairie potholes in the North America’s Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). These depressions, formed by retreating glaciers, hold significant hydrological and ecological importance, and conservation interest. The primary aim of this review article is to compare the similarities and differences between kettle holes in NCE and prairie potholes in the PPR, particularly concerning their ecohydrological characteristics, which have not been thoroughly compared or documented. By clarifying these distinctions, we can gain a better understanding of their unique features. This, in turn, enables wetland scientists to propose tailored management strategies to policymakers and decision-makers for conservation efforts. Our review explores, in particular, kettle holes/prairie potholes’ roles in water storage, nutrient cycling, and habitat provision. We also discuss the impact of anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural and land management practices, on the ecological integrity of these wetlands and propose strategies for their conservation and sustainable management. By elucidating the intricate interplay between geological history, hydrological processes, and ecological dynamics, this article provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners working towards the preservation of these globally significant wetland habitats. Our synthesis underscores the critical need for interdisciplinary research efforts and integrated management approaches to address the conservation challenges facing prairie potholes and kettle holes in the context of ongoing environmental changes and increasing human pressures
Analyse der MRSA- und MRSP-Prävalenz bei Hunden und Katzen in Deutschland (2019-2021): Ein Weg zu kontinuierlichem AMR-Monitoring
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health challenges, posing a significant and immediate threat to both human and animal health. The use of antimicrobials in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture is a major driver of resistance. Regulation (EU) 2019/6 aims to curb the development and spread of AMR by introducing stricter controls on the use of antibiotics in animals. While the regulation harmonizes the rules for veterinary antimicrobial products across the EU, there is currently no coordinated European system for monitoring AMR in bacterial pathogens from diseased animals.
As part of the HKP-Mon project, this study aimed to establish baseline data on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs and cats in Germany from 2019 to 2021, and to assess the potential of retrospective laboratory data for continuous AMR monitoring. The analysis was based on a large dataset of routine diagnostic results provided by Laboklin, an accredited veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Samples originated from 3,491 veterinary practices and clinics, representing approximately one-third of small animal practices in Germany.
Out of 175,171 total samples, 25.6% (5,526) were identified as S. aureus and 3.2% (44,880) as S. pseudintermedius. Data were stratified by year, animal species, and sample type. Phenotypic methicillin resistance was detected in 17.8% of S. aureus and 7.5% of S. pseudintermedius isolates. MRSA prevalence was lower in cats (15.6%) than in dogs (20.4%), while MRSP prevalence was higher in cats (16.1%) compared to dogs (7.1%). In contrast to veterinary findings, the average MRSA prevalence in human medicine during the same period was lower at 5.4%.
For both MRSA and MRSP, the highest prevalences were observed in wound samples, with S. aureus exceeding 30% in dogs and 20% in cats, and S. pseudintermedius exceeding 15% in dogs and 20% in cats. Notably, feline urogenital tract samples also showed high MRSP prevalence, exceeding 20%. MRSA isolates exhibited the highest resistance to clindamycin (59.8%) and enrofloxacin (36.4%), while resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and gentamicin was moderate (13–14%), and resistance to chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and rifampicin remained below 6%. MRSP isolates showed even higher resistance rates, particularly to clindamycin (85.2%), enrofloxacin (50.5%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (66.3%).
The results confirm that MRSA and MRSP remain among the most relevant resistant pathogens in companion animals and highlight their concerning resistance profiles across multiple sample types. Comparisons with other studies revealed substantial variability in methodology, pathogens, and sample sizes, underscoring the need for harmonized monitoring approaches. Our findings demonstrate the value of routine diagnostic data as a scalable and sustainable resource for passive AMR monitoring and highlight its potential for integration into active surveillance systems and broader One Health monitoring frameworks.Antimikrobielle Resistenzen (AMR) gehören zu den dringendsten globalen Herausforderungen im Bereich der öffentlichen Gesundheit und stellen eine erhebliche und unmittelbare Bedrohung für die Gesundheit von Mensch und Tier dar. Der Einsatz von Antibiotika in der Humanmedizin, Veterinärmedizin und Landwirtschaft ist ein wesentlicher Treiber für die Entstehung von Resistenzen. Die Verordnung (EU) 2019/6 zielt darauf ab, die Entwicklung und Verbreitung von AMR durch strengere Regelungen zum Einsatz von Antibiotika bei Tieren einzudämmen. Zwar harmonisiert die Verordnung die Vorschriften für Tierarzneimittel in der gesamten EU, doch ein koordiniertes europäisches Monitoring für antibiotikaresistente bakterielle Erreger bei erkrankten Tieren besteht bislang nicht.
Im Rahmen des Projekts HKP-Mon hatte diese Studie das Ziel, Basisdaten zur Prävalenz von Methicillin-resistentem Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) und Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) bei Hunden und Katzen in Deutschland zwischen 2019 und 2021 zu erheben und das Potenzial retrospektiver Labordaten für ein kontinuierliches AMR-Monitoring zu analysieren. Grundlage der Analyse war ein großer Datensatz aus der Routinediagnostik des akkreditierten Fachlabors Laboklin für veterinärmedizinische Mikrobiologie. Die Proben stammten aus 3.491 Tierarztpraxen und Kliniken und repräsentieren damit etwa ein Drittel der Kleintierpraxen in Deutschland.
Von insgesamt 175.171 untersuchten Proben wurden 25,6 % (5.526) als S. aureus und 3,2 % (44.880) als S. pseudintermedius identifiziert. Die Daten wurden nach Jahr, Tierart und Probentyp ausgewertet. Eine phänotypische Methicillinresistenz wurde bei 17,8 % der S. aureus- und 7,5 % der S. pseudintermedius-Isolate nachgewiesen. Die MRSA-Prävalenz war bei Katzen (15,6 %) niedriger als bei Hunden (20,4 %), während die MRSP-Prävalenz bei Katzen (16,1 %) höher war als bei Hunden (7,1 %). Im Vergleich dazu lag die durchschnittliche MRSA-Prävalenz in der Humanmedizin im selben Zeitraum bei nur 5,4 %.
Für MRSA und MRSP wurden die höchsten Prävalenzen in Wundproben festgestellt: S. aureus überschritt bei Hunden 30 % und bei Katzen 20 %, S. pseudintermedius lag bei über 15 % bei Hunden und über 20 % bei Katzen. Auffällig hohe MRSP-Prävalenzen zeigten sich zudem in Proben aus dem urogenitalen Trakt der Katze (> 20 %). MRSA-Isolate zeigten die höchsten Resistenzen gegenüber Clindamycin (59,8 %) und Enrofloxacin (36,4 %), während die Resistenzen gegenüber Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol und Gentamicin moderat waren (13–14 %) und die Resistenzen gegenüber Chloramphenicol, Doxycyclin und Rifampicin unter 6 % lagen. MRSP-Isolate wiesen insgesamt noch höhere Resistenzraten auf, insbesondere gegenüber Clindamycin (85,2 %), Enrofloxacin (50,5 %) und Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol (66,3 %).
Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass MRSA und MRSP weiterhin zu den bedeutendsten resistenten Erregern bei Kleintieren zählen, und verdeutlichen ihre problematischen Resistenzmuster in verschiedenen Probentypen. Der Vergleich mit anderen Studien zeigte erhebliche Unterschiede in Methodik, untersuchten Erregern und Stichprobengröße, was den Bedarf an harmonisierten Monitoringansätzen unterstreicht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen den Wert routinemäßiger Diagnosedaten als skalierbare und nachhaltige Grundlage für die passive AMR-Überwachung und unterstreichen ihr Potenzial für die Integration in aktive Surveillance-Systeme sowie umfassendere One-Health-Monitoring-Ansätze
Über den Wert der Pasteurisation hinsichtlich der Abtötung der in der Milch enthaltenen Tuberkelbazillen
Get PDFDigitalisat der Ausgabe von 1914, erschienen 202
Effect of Hydrophobic Cross-Linkers in Strong Base Gel-Type Resins on the Adsorption Kinetics and Capacity for Perfluoroalkyl Substances
Get PDFThe persistence and water mobility of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have led authorities worldwide to lower regulatory limits to prevent adverse health effects. Removal via adsorption on activated carbon can be inefficient due to the unspecific surface interaction, while ion exchange resins with positive charges and hydrophobic chains can offer faster kinetics and improved removal. In here, novel cationic resins were synthesized by cross-linking polyethylenimine, followed by methylation. To obtain cross-linked particles and introduce hydrophobic interacting moieties in one single synthetic step, aliphatic, fluorous, and silicone-based oligoethers were used as cross-linkers. These cationic adsorbents were compared with two state-of-the-art strong base gel-type ion exchange resins and granular activated carbon in isotherm and kinetic studies. The newly developed adsorbents showed significantly faster removals of all tested long- and short-chain PFAS. The fluorous cationic adsorbent achieved equilibrium loadings that were comparable to those of the state-of-the-art adsorbents for all PFAS with five or more perfluorinated carbon atoms