Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Attention modulates pain perception of dual-modal noxious stimuli and its brain mechanism
No full text在当代社会中，不同疾病诱发的慢性疼痛成为困扰人们生活质量的难题，个体对自身躯体感受，尤其是对有威胁性的疼痛刺激的关注也随着人们对生活质量需求的提升而逐渐增强。在临床治疗当中对于疼痛刺激的调节能够很好的帮助患者缓解疼痛，其中注意成为了关键因素。然而，现有研究大多聚焦于注意如何干预单一的疼痛感知或注意在感知不同类型感觉中的作用，较少关注注意在不同模态疼痛感知中的影响。因此在现实生活的需要下，深入理解注意在不同模态疼痛感知中的作用及其脑机制，变得尤为重要，不仅对于揭示人体感 觉系统的工作机制具有重要意义，还为康复医学、心理学等相关领域提供了理论支持。本研究结合四个实验，主要探讨了注意在双模态疼痛感知中的作用及其脑机制。
实验 1 探讨了注意对两种模态疼痛同时出现时的疼痛感知的影响。招募了 30 名健康被试参与实验，结果显示，当被试同时感知到两种模态的疼痛时，注意在疼痛感知中发挥了关键作用。具体表现为，当注意集中于一种疼痛时，另一种疼痛的感知被显著抑制，即观察到了一种疼痛对另一种疼痛的抑制效应。
在实验 2 中，探讨了没有明确注意引导的情况下，两种不同模态疼痛同时出现时是否还有感知的抑制效应。同样招募了 32 名健康被试后，结果显示，在缺乏注意调节的情况下，被试同时感知两种模态的疼痛时没有抑制效应出现。证明了注意在双模态疼痛感知中的关键作用，注意能够调节双模态疼痛感知。
实验 3 使用磁共振成像技术，旨在探讨注意调节双模态疼痛感知的脑机制。 我们招募了 32 名健康被试进行实验，并对其收集的磁共振数据进行分析。结果表明，与热痛感知相关的脑区主要集中在中央后回。此外，一种疼痛对另一种疼痛的抑制效应主要与中央前回和中央后回的激活相关。特别地，热痛对压痛感知的抑制效应比压痛对热痛感知的抑制效应更强，这一效应体现在中央前回和中央后回的激活差异。进一步的心理生理学交互分析（Psychophysiological Interaction, PPI）结果显示，当抑制效应发生时，中央前回与尾侧前扣带皮层 （caudal Anterior Cingulate Cortex, cACC）之间，以及中央后回与 cACC 之间的 功能连接显著增强，验证了 cACC 在抑制效应中的关键作用。
实验 4 则采用多变量模式分析（Multivariate Pattern Analysis, MVPA）进一步分析了磁共振数据。使用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）建立的分类器能够有效区分热痛对压痛的抑制效应和压痛对热痛的抑制效应。分析结果显示，这一分类器不仅发现实验 3 中得出的额极、中央前回、中央后回和扣带回等脑区在两种抑制效应中的特异性表征，还发现两种抑制效应之间的大脑神经表征差异。在压力痛对热痛的抑制效应神经表征中，涉及了多个与注意和情感相关的脑区，而在热痛对压力痛的抑制效应神经表征中，涉及了更多与空 间注意定向相关的脑区，结果表明在这两种抑制效应中，注意分配的机制以及情绪的参与程度可能有所不同。
综上所述，通过结合传统的行为实验、磁共振实验的单变量分析和多变量分析方法，本研究揭示了热痛对压痛的抑制效应和压痛对热痛的抑制效应在大脑活动模式中的不同特征。研究强调了注意在双模态疼痛感知过程中的重要作用。未来的研究可通过纵向分析，探索这些神经表征模式在慢性疼痛或其他病理性疼痛中的变化，为临床疼痛干预提供更为深入的神经生物学依据。</p
Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: Roles of Parenting Stress and Parent-child Attachment
No full textParental factors have a profound implication on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Parents' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) shape their parenting, thus predicting the next generation's mental health. This study explored the mediating role of parenting stress and parent-child attachment in the correlation between both paternal and maternal ACEs and adolescents' depressive symptoms. Additionally, the study aimed to explore whether parental ACEs influence both one's own and the partner's parenting stress and attachment, ultimately predicting adolescent depressive symptoms. We recruited 533 Chinese families for this study. Fathers and mothers completed questionnaires assessing ACEs and parenting stress at Time 1. Adolescents (59.8% girls, Mage = 13.45 +/- 0.78) completed a questionnaire on parent-child attachment at Time 2 and the questionnaire on depressive symptoms at both Time 2 and Time 3. We did not find the direct relationship between parental ACEs and adolescent depressive symptoms. However, both paternal and maternal ACEs were found to influence mother-child attachment through maternal, but not paternal, parenting stress and subsequently led to depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moreover, some specific pathways exhibited variations between genders. These findings highlight the vital influence of parenting stress and mother-child attachment in breaking the prediction of parental ACEs on adolescents' depressive symptoms and underscore the importance of promoting positive mother-child interactions.</p
White matter neural substrates in alcohol dependence with genetic risk and their role in pathological reward process
No full textStudies have revealed significant evidence of white matter (WM) microstructural and network connectome abnormalities in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the neuroimaging characteristics of alcohol dependence (AD) patients with a family history of AUD and the role of these changes in pathological craving remain unclear. Investigating the heritability of AUD is crucial for identifying genetic predispositions and informing targeted prevention strategies. The study recruited 51 patients for AD, 21 patients with a family history positive (FHP), 30 patients with a family history negative (FHN), and 25 healthy controls (HC). We compared fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of striatal circuits and topological properties of the reward system between the three groups. Then, covariates of alcohol use characteristics (duration and severity of AD) were controlled between FHP and FHN. We found abnormal topological properties of hippocampus in AD with FHP compared to HC. After controlling for covariates, there were still disruptions of topology organization in FHP compared to FHN, such as lower nodal betweenness, nodal degree and higher shortest path of right hippocampus. The nodal topological properties of right hippocampus were significantly correlated with self-reported craving in AD. Our findings provide robust evidence for WM neural abnormalities in AD with high genetic risk. We also found the disrupted topological properties of the right hippocampus associated with craving level
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation for treating bipolar disorder with depressive episodes: a feasibility Study
No full textBipolar depression (BD-D) is a significant clinical challenge associated with high disease burden. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS), a novel and noninvasive approach for targeting deep brain structures, was investigated for its efficacy and safety in BD-D patients in this trial. Thirty-six patients were recruited for a single-arm, open-label trial, and 25 completed the 5-day intervention consisting of 10 tTIS sessions targeting the left nucleus accumbens. Each session lasted 20 min, with a maximum current intensity of 2 mA and an envelope stimulation frequency of 40 Hz. Significant symptom reductions were observed following treatment, with mean HAMD-17 scores decreasing from 23.36 to 16.16 (p < 0.0001), MADRS scores from 39.12 to 31.28 (p < 0.01), HAMA scores from 19.68 to 15.44 (p < 0.05), and QIDS scores from 13.52to 9.68 (p < 0.001). Eleven participants (44.0%) met improvement criteria and seven (28.0%) achieved response. Cognitive assessments indicated improvements in memory and executive function, and changes in reward-related brain activity correlated positively with symptom reduction. Adverse events were mild, mainly transient scalp discomfort. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of tTIS for alleviating depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in BD-D.</p
Negative targets specifically enhance conscious and unconscious social attention
No full textHumans are highly adept at utilizing various social signals, such as eye gaze and biological motion (BM), to detect important events (e.g. threat, reward) in the environment, a phenomenon termed social attention. Here we investigated whether the affective information carried by the contextual event would modulate this social attention behaviour. By introducing natural emotional pictures (negative, neutral and positive) as peripheral probing targets within the modified central cueing paradigm, we found that central BM induced a stronger attentional orienting effect towards negative targets than neutral and positive ones. Moreover, this modulation was observed in attentional effects induced by another well-known social cue (i.e. eye gaze), whereas no such effect was obtained with the non-social arrow cues. Importantly, this negativity bias persisted at the subliminal level, as shown by the significant attentional effects towards negative targets induced by unconscious social cues (i.e. BM, eye gaze). In contrast, no attentional effects were obtained with non-conscious arrow cues. Overall, these findings reveal a general enhancement of negative targets on conscious and unconscious social attention induced by different types of social signals (i.e. BM, eye gaze) and highlight the distinction of social attention compared to non-social attention in detecting potentially detrimental events
Modalities Differentiation of Pain Perception Following Ischemic Stroke: Decreased Pressure Pain Perception
No full textBackground/Objectives: Ischemic stroke frequently leads to somatosensory impairments and abnormal pain perception. Meanwhile, pain perception can be evoked through multiple somatosensory modalities, each mediated by distinct neural pathways. Despite this understanding, current research investigating stroke-induced alterations in pain perception across different modalities of noxious stimulation remains insufficient, particularly concerning responses to varying stimulus intensities (including both sub-threshold and supra-threshold levels). Methods: In this study (March 2023 to July 2024), we enrolled 30 ischemic stroke patients and 35 matched controls and employed two modalities of noxious stimuli (e.g., heat stimuli were delivered using the Medoc CHEPS and pressure stimuli were administered via an MRI-Compatible Foot-Sole Stimulator) to systematically evaluate post-stroke changes in pain perception through two experiments. We compared self-reported pain sensitivity, somatosensory thresholds (i.e., warmth and pressure), and pain thresholds (i.e., heat and pressure pain) between ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls in Experiment 1. We focused on pain perception when participants simultaneously experienced heat and pressure in Experiment 2. Results: Experiment 1 showed an absence of a significant correlation between heat and pressure pain thresholds in stroke patients, but this correlation could be observed in healthy controls. Notably, stroke patients had an impairment in pain perception of pressure stimulation at supra-threshold intensities. Experiment 2 observed a similar facilitative pain integration in patients as healthy controls when they perceived heat and pressure stimuli jointly and simultaneously. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into pain perception following a stroke, highlighting the need for tailored evaluation strategies considering the differences in somatosensory modality damage
Outside Roundness and Inside Squareness: A Framework for Characterizing Authenticity Through the Lens of Confucianism
No full textAuthenticity, a key concept in dominant Western psychological approaches, has been less studied from the Majority World perspectives. In this article, we draw upon the Chinese cultural ideal of Outside Roundness and Inside Squareness to fill this gap. After illuminating the cultural and psychological meanings of this indigenous concept, we propose an integrated framework that characterizes authentic self-functioning along two continuous dimensions: Outside Roundness versus Outside Squareness, reflecting the degree of seeking interpersonal harmony, moderation, and flexibility, and Inside Squareness versus Inside Roundness, indicating the degree of ethical self-consciousness and moral adherence. We illustrate how this framework can characterize different modes of authenticity and examine their variability in the Chinese context, and discuss its implications for Chinese psychology, dominant Western psychological approaches, and global (cross-cultural) psychology in authenticity research. Public Abstract Have you ever contemplated how the authentic self manifests within different cultures? In China, a Confucian philosophical concept, known as Outside Roundness and Inside Squareness, merges the perspectives of maintaining moral integrity and interpersonal harmony to articulate the nuances of authentic self-functioning. Imagine an individual who skillfully maneuvers through social situations (Outside Roundness) while steadfastly upholding his/her moral principles (Inside Squareness). This encapsulates the prominent attributes of authenticity as conveyed through the influential Confucian narratives. Our research offers an in-depth cultural and psychological exploration of this concept, and introduces a framework to characterize Chinese authenticity and its diverse expressions. These analyses deepen our appreciation for both the diverse and shared aspects of humanity, thereby contributing to the evolution of a more inclusive global psychology
The Relationship Between Parent-Child Attachment and Peer Attachment and Depression in College Students: A Moderated Polynomial Regression With Response Surface Analyses
No full textPrevious research has established a strong link between parental attachment and depression in youth. However, the nuances of paternal-maternal attachment congruence and its relationship with depressive symptoms, as well as the roles of gender differences and peer attachment in this context, remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these associations among emerging adults. Attachment and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1564 college students using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis were utilized for data analysis. The results revealed that when paternal and maternal attachment were congruent, students with average-range levels of parental attachment (i.e., scores near the IPPA mean) exhibited the least depressive symptoms. Conversely, greater discrepancies between paternal and maternal attachment were associated with more pronounced depressive symptoms, while this effect was buffered by higher levels of peer attachment. In addition, incongruent paternal and maternal attachments were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms in sons, whereas insecure maternal attachment was more closely related to daughters' depressive symptoms. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of parental attachment (in)congruence in college students' depressive symptoms and the moderating roles of gender and peer attachment.</p
High compliance and reduced online gaming time among Chinese adolescents after the 2021 gaming policy: Effects across all gamers, not just heavy users
No full textGovernment policies have been proposed to mitigate excessive online gaming among adolescents, yet empirical evaluations of their effectiveness remain limited. Following China's 2021 online gaming policy, the strictest such regulation to date, we examined the compliance rate and alternative behaviors among heavy adolescent gamers. Several methodological concerns have been raised, including the omission of the 2019 policy, the narrow focus on heavy gamers, and ambiguities in key definitions. In this response, we address these concerns by clarifying the policy's independence, expanding the analysis to all adolescent participants, and incorporating pre- and post-policy gaming time as an additional measure of policy impact. Results from a broader sample (N = 2,715, mean age = 10.84) revealed a high compliance rate (93.6%) and a significant decrease in daily gaming time following the policy (60.12 vs. 43.52 min per day, p < 0.001). This reported gaming time may include offline or single-player gameplay. These findings support the conclusion that the 2021 policy significantly reduced adolescents' gaming time and achieved high compliance rates, though self-reported data may include offline gameplay and that historical policy context should be acknowledged in interpretation. Moreover, its longer-term effects on psychological well-being and physical health warrant further investigation.</p
Effects of different frequencies of transcranial alternating current stimulation on emotion and emotion regulation
No full textEmotion regulation is crucial in daily life, and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has the potential to improve it by modulating neural oscillations. In this study, 101 healthy adults were randomized into four groups: frontal theta tACS, frontal alpha tACS, parieto-occipital alpha tACS, and sham control. Participants completed emotion regulation and facial Stroop tasks during stimulation, with emotional states assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF) before and after stimulation. Physiological signals were also recorded during the stimulation. Repeated measures ANOVA analyzes were used for pre/post scale scores, task performance and physiological features. Results indicated that frontal theta tACS reduced negative emotions and improved reappraisal ability, whereas parieto-occipital alpha tACS showed comparable but non-significant effect. In contrast, frontal alpha tACS increased negative emotions and reaction times to disgust faces. These findings suggest that frontal theta tACS is a promising protocol for improving emotion regulation, and tACS may serve as a valuable tool for exploring neural mechanisms underlying emotional disorders
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