Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Beyond the sound: Uncovering the distinct neural mechanisms of ERAN and MMN in music perception
No full textThe early right anterior negativity (ERAN) is an event-related potential commonly attributed to music-specific syntactic processing. An alternative account, however, regards ERAN as a subtype of mismatch negativity (MMN), a generalized neural response to auditory deviations. The present study employed time-generalized multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and representational similarity analysis (RSA) to examine whether ERAN and MMN-including physical MMN (phMMN) and abstract-feature MMN (afMMN)-reflect shared or distinct neurocognitive processes. Cross-condition decoding revealed that classifiers trained on afMMN data accurately classified phMMN trials and vice versa, whereas classifiers trained on ERAN failed to classify MMN trials (afMMN or phMMN) effectively. Additional RSA supported this dissociation, with theoretical models assuming independence between MMN and ERAN better fitting the neural data. These results convergently suggest that the ERAN is functionally and neurologically distinct from MMN, shedding light on the nature of musical syntactic processing. As well, by integrating MVPA and RSA, we introduce a novel methodological framework for investigating the neurocognitive processing of music
Multilevel Structural Equation Model Analysis Using Mplus : The Cross-level Role of Creative Classroom Environment in Children's Creativity Education
No full textThe application of programming statistical analysis software is becoming more and more extensive, and it also plays a great role in the exploration of psychological mechanism. On the basis of previous literature, this paper constructs a multi-layer model based on statistical theoretical model framework and programming software, trying to explore the influence mechanism of class and family environment on children's psychological needs and creativity. A test and questionnaire survey were conducted on 408 students from 16 classes in grades 1 to 3 in four primary schools in a city in China. SPSS 2 3.0 and a computer programming statistical software Mplus 8.3 were used to conduct a multi-level regression equation model analysis. This paper reveals the theoretical basis of data analysis and shows the idea of cross-layer model through part of programming code. Finally, the results showed that (1) Parental psychological control negatively predicted children's creativity potential; (2) Parental psychological control and behavioral control negatively predicted the satisfaction of children's basic psychological needs; (3) The satisfaction of basic psychological needs positively predicted the development of children's creativity potential. (4) Basic psychological needs play a mediating role between parental psychological control and children's creativity potential. (5) Creative classroom environment positively predicted the satisfaction of some children's basic psychological needs. (6) Basic psychological needs play a cross-level mediating role between creative classroom environment and children's creativity potential.</p
Fearful expressions facilitate perceptual dominance of low spatial frequency information in visual awareness
No full textThe human brain optimises cognitive resource allocation to enhance the processing speed and efficiency of vital information for better survival and adaptation in response to threat signals. Previous studies found that fearful expressions, as visual cues signalling threats, can not only have advantages in entering and remaining in awareness, but also enhance subsequent perceptual processing of low-spatial-frequency (LSF) information. However, it remains unknown whether the enhanced perceptual processing of LSF induced by fearful expressions also grants LSF information a competitive advantage in awareness. To this end, we employed a binocular rivalry paradigm to measure awareness of Gabor patches with low or high spatial frequencies following the rapid priming of fearful versus neutral expressions. The results revealed that the relative dominance of LSF over high-spatial-frequency (HSF) Gabor patches was markedly heightened following brief exposure to fearful compared with neutral expressions. This effect was found for both upright and inverted expressions, indicating it is independent of face configuration. Our study thus suggests a feature-based perceptual optimisation mechanism with evolutionary significance, potentially optimising cognitive resource allocation in threatening situations
The role of inhibitory function in associative memory among older adults and its plasticity
No full textAssociative memory deteriorates with age. One possible reason for this associative memory deficit in older adults is a decline in inhibitory function. However, it remains unclear what role of inhibitory function plays in age-related associative memory deficits, and whether and how acute training of inhibitory function could ameliorate the detrimental effects of inhibitory deficits on associative memory in older adults. In Experiment 1, 80 participants (40 younger and 40 older adults) studied scene-word pairs while attempting to inhibit interfering words during encoding, with two conditions: gist and non-gist interferences. In Experiment 2, 66 older adults were randomly assigned to either acute inhibitory training or a control group, and eye-tracking technology was used to capture the benefits of acute inhibitory training. Results showed that older adults were more disturbed by gist than non-gist interferences because of hyper-binding, and that inhibitory function mediated the relationship between age and associative memory accuracy. Notably, although acute inhibitory training did not significantly improve associative memory accuracy in the training group compared to the control group, structural equation model showed that older adults in the acute training group showed shorter fixation durations and lower frequencies in the interference region of interest, leading to better associative memory. These results indicate that inhibitory function plays a mediating role in age-related associative memory decline, as well as its plasticity in this association. It provides a potential pathway to improve associative memory in older adults
Trusting Digital Voice Assistants: How Children Perceive Incomplete Explanations
No full textDigital voice assistants (DVAs) have become an important method for children to learn about the world and access information. This study explored 90 4- to 6-year-old children’s epistemic trust in DVAs across different conflict situations (nonconflict vs. low-conflict vs. high-conflict) and the quality (completeness) of explanatory testimonies, using the paradigm of dual-informant sources. The results revealed that children could recognize completeness in DVAs explanations and preferred complete explanations, with 5- and 6-year-olds demonstrating better judgment and preference for completeness than 4-year-olds. However, in conflict situations, children’s trust in DVAs providing complete explanations decreased. Younger children were more prone to belief revision than older children were. The results suggest that explanation completeness by DVAs, conflict levels and children’s age can significantly enhance trust and efficacy in educational applications and can transform child–computer interactions.</p
What is the optimal display range? Exploring the impacts of area and shape on in-vehicle head-up display efficiency
No full textIn-vehicle Head-Up Displays (HUDs) are expected to incorporate more information in the future, necessitating deeper understandings of design properties that can enhance display safety and efficiency. However, the optimal display characteristics-particularly in terms of area and shape-remain inadequately understood. This study investigated these two factors by manipulating horizontal and vertical Field of View (FOV) angles within a simulated in-vehicle HUD. Thirty-one participants participated in this laboratory-based study they completed a digit matching task while driving within a driving simulator. The accuracy and response time of the task served as indicators for efficiency. The standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) was employed to assess area and shape's impacts on driving performance, alongside subjective ease-of-use evaluations. Results indicated that an increase in horizontal FOV angle significantly delay response times and reduce ease-of-use ratings. We also observed significant effects of area and shape on response time and ratings; specifically, participants responded faster in smaller display area conditions, which were also rated as the easiest to use. Accuracy, however, was largely unaffected by size and shape. Importantly, most manipulations did not interfere with driving performance, except for the area 500 condition, wherein landscape shape was associated with better lane-keeping performance. Our findings provide valuable insights for the design of in-vehicle HUDs
Data from: Perceiving Facial Emotions in Context: The Intertwined Roles of Emotional Valence and Consciousness
No full textDeconstructing Test Anxiety based on Gaussian Graphical Model among Chinese Adolescents
No full textThe objective of this study is to explore the network structure and most central test anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents by using network approaches. A total of 1832 junior middle school students were investigated using the Multidimensional Test Anxiety Scale. Gaussian graph network model, based on graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regularization with the Extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) model selection, was used to estimate the network structure. Results indicated that "feeling panic just before taking tests" was the most important and influential symptom in test anxiety followed by other symptoms including "feeling nervous before tests", "forgetting things during tests" and "racing heart during tests". Investigating the network structure of test anxiety would provide a more comprehensive view about it.</p
The Interrelation of Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, and Rumination: Insights from Mediation Analysis and Machine Learning
No full textThis study explores the interrelationship between experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and rumination and investigates the predictive roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on rumination. Data were collected from 600 university students using the Ruminative Responses Scale, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. Correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationships among the three factors. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the mediating role of cognitive fusion between experiential avoidance and rumination, and random forest analysis was applied to test the predictive roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on rumination. Positive correlations were found among experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and rumination. Cognitive fusion played a partial mediating role in the link between experiential avoidance and rumination. The fifth and third items of experiential avoidance were the most critical predictors of rumination, with a prediction performance R2 of 0.678 in the test set. Cognitive fusion partially mediates the connection between experiential avoidance and rumination among university students, and the model demonstrates good predictive performance for rumination. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the interrelationships among experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and rumination in university students.</p
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